GB2563436A

GB2563436A - A device for electrolysis

Info

Publication number: GB2563436A
Application number: GB1709608.2A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Jackson John
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-06-16
Filing date: 2017-06-16
Publication date: 2018-12-19
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-16
Also published as: GB2563436B; GB201709608D0; GB2563478A; GB201805038D0; GB2563478B

Abstract

An electrolysis device uses a homopolar generator to produce the required low voltage, high current DC electricity. The device includes a liquid (e.g. water) tank H with the homopolar generator provided within the tank. The generator includes two conducting discs I1, I2, which are caused to rotate by a magnetic field produced by an electromagnetic field/flux generator G. The electromagnetic field/flux generator is a magnet or electromagnetic material with a winding or coil around its periphery, the coil or winding inducing a magnetic field when a current is passed through it. The rotating discs each act as an anode, with a corresponding cathode V also provided within the tank. This allows, for example, the production of hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolysis of water. In an alternative, the discs may be rotated by an internal turbine driven by air or gas.

Description

Title: A device for electrolysis

By John Jackson 12/06/2017

Introduction/background: There are a number of routes to producing the gases of Oxygen and Hydrogen, by the splitting of the water molecule H2O, by the passing of an electrical current between two electrodes suspended in aqueous solution or aqueous solution plus a salt. A salt is sometimes used to improve the efficiency of the electrolysis cell .To make large volumes of Hydrogen and Oxygen requires a large usage of electricity. The potential difference or voltage required to split water is below 50v, and it is amperage, in the DC form that is needed for electrolysis .Most high output electrical generators are AC form, which can be rectified to the DC form with some energy losses, transferring large amperages at low voltage is difficult as it requires large cross sectional area wires to carry the current safely without overheating. If it were possible to generate electrical current within an aqueous or aqueous solution plus a salt or other additive/impurity without needing large cross sectional cables, this would bring a new design to electrolysis thinking. Whilst intended primarily for the electrolysis of water, to create large amounts of Hydrogen and Oxygen this device could have other uses for the electrolysis of other substances or a form of engine that generates Hydrogen and Oxygen, which can then be combusted or used in a fuel cell, or other use in transport uses.

The device differs from common electrical generators in that it is basic, it is in effect a homo polar generator or Faraday disc, which is one of the first rotor electrical generators where a conductor (metal or other conductor of electricity) rotates/bisects lines of magnetic flux from a magnetic source .The conductor as it bisects the magnetic line of flux, creates a current in the conductor ,so basically a rotating (rotor) conductor,bisecting lines of magnetic flux/field will generate an electrical current. In previous designs of the homopolar generator ,its inefficiency and lack of ability to deliver high potential differences or voltages, made its use fall away early on in history ,and having only a few uses in research .

This design makes use of its ability to not require, bushes, slip rings like a traditional DC generator, and have an enclosed liquid conductor bush/bearing, allowing it to be submerged in the liquid/substance to be electrolysed. Whilst the generator is inefficient compared to a modern DC generator with multiple windings, it may give other cost savings to certain applications requiring/using electrolysis, utilising its simplicity and may allow for large scale generation of Hydrogen and Oxygen from water using lower energy supply for powering the cell indirectly.

Introduction to drawings: The drawings are not to scale and show only the schematic of the design and design variations .Final fixings, supports, bearings seals, valves or other design aspects are omitted to help give the drawings clarity to explain working and show designs and variants.

The drawings attempt to show some of designs as best as possible, the homopolar generator has been around for some time, and has some challenging aspects such as the need for a liquid conductor, or some form of bearing conductor in some designs. The rotors in non-liquid immersive designs shown as common example in illustrations have a pick up on the rotor disc periphery to conduct the electron flow to make a circuit.

Figure 1:

i) Overhead view of a suggested shape of a tank to contain the fluid/liquid to be electrolysed. The tank can be in theory and shape or size or dimension .For this design it is believed that a sausage shape or circular' tank would be best .Not shown in figure 1 are the entry and exit points of pipes, electrical cables or gases .Shown is a plain sided sausage shaped tank, however internal shaping may be needed to ensure low turbulence flow. The tank should be able to take a range of temperature, pressure or vacuum to design specifications and what conditions are required. Inside will be supports for internal apparatus and entry and exit points of apparatus to and from outside the tank. The tank should be made of non-electrical conducting material as well as a material that does not create or hold magnetism.

ii) Overhead view showing rotors D which become an electrode/s and also electrodes C at each end of the tank. Also showing zoning sections A where one gas/substance will be generated and section B where another gas/substance is generated.

iii) Overhead view of suggested sausage shaped tank showing rotors/electrode D and electrodes C in tank and flows of liquid/fiuid from the rotors /electrode D within said shaped tank. In other shapes of tank these would differ.

Figure 2:

i) Showing a disc of magnetic material or material capable of induced magnetism eg iron /ferrite ii) Showing a coil of conducting metal wire or conducting material C with ends B and D which when connected to an electrical power source will produce /induce an electromagnetic alignment in a magnetic/ magnetic induction material atoms to create a magnetic field, or electromagnetic field.

iii) A side on view of the disc of magnetic material or material capable of being induced with magnetism, wound (or with windings) with a coil/coils of a metal or other conducting material as a continuous length showing wire ends B and D .When an electrical energy source is connected between B and D, it will induce an electromagnetic field into the disc/ disc material, creating a magnetic field and lines of invisible magnetic flux from each face of the disc.

Figure 3:

i) A side on view showing H the tank wall with a pedestal or hanging fitting or support for F a disc of magnetic material, wound with electrically conducting wire to create a magnetic field and lines of magnetic flux emanating from the surfaces of disc, (which can be both as permanent or an induced magnet).This is enclosed with a non-electrically conducting, in effect sealing the internal disc and windings from the external environment and creating an electrically separate and insulated item .When an electrical energy source is connected to between coil wire terminations B and D an electrical filed induces magnetism into the disc to create a magnetic field and invisible magnetic lines of flux shown as Showing that an electrical magnetic field can be created within a liquid as the conductors of the disc windings can be fully insulated/separate from the environment. This figure creates a magnetic induction apparatus and shall be known in this patent filing as the magnetic field/flux generator, noting that materials showing permanent magnetic properties, show the same invisible magnetic flux lines but do not need an electrical energy source as shown.

Figure 3 continued ii) Showing as per figure i) figure 3 H being the tank wall and G the magnetic field/flux generator sealed from the internal contents held in the tank H .showing a side view of disc rotors 11 and 12 which are rotating conductors placed over or near the surface of sealed magnetic field/flux generator. Whilst G is stationary. 11 and 12 rotate, envisaged as counter rotation in respect to G. but co rotation is possible. The faster the rotors rotate or the magnetic flux/field strength is increased the more electrical current should be produced in 11 and 12 as the conductor bisects a magnetic line of flux, as electrical theory shows and can be shown experimentally. This electrical current then transferring into the liquid/fluid the apparatus is situated within.

Figure 4:

i) Showing the face of disc rotor (as in 11 and 12 from figure 3) with a schematic arrangement of the pattern of conductor and insulator through the body of the disc rotor k being a conductor and J being the insulator from the centre L and M being the rotor disc periphery, in swept pattern. In side view profile these would have the profile of a saucer i.e. thicker in the middle and thinner towards the periphery M which provides a bounding continuous peripheral conductor/collector and should be where most of the electrical current is produced when in operation.

ii) As in figure 4 i) above but showing an unswept or straight conductor insulator sections, centre L and periphery M which provides a bounding peripheral conductor/collector.

Figure 5:

i) Showing tank wall H with pressurised liquid /fluid (suggest water .with or without salt/additives) in feed FW ,on the outside of sealed magnetic field/flux generator G to the centres of rotor disc 11 and 12 and pushing fluid /liquid/water into the body of 11 and 12. tubes within the body of 11 and 12 allowing the fluid/liquid /water to flow to periphery of disc rotors 11 and 12 and create a thrust vector to rotate the disc rotors in co rotation or counter rotation (The disc rotors being supported on bearings/supports not shown) ii) A view face on, of disc rotor I showing rotation and vector thrust from rotor disc periphery, to create a rotation.

Figure 6:

i) Showing the flat side/back side of a disc rotor and direction of pressurised liquid/fluid/water through the body of disc rotor I through swept tubes N running from centre of disc to periphery creating a vector thrust which will create rotation in disc I ii) Sectional schematic close up showing pressurised liquid/fluid/water in feed L between magnetic field/flux generator G and disc rotor I. The pressurised liquid/fluid/water from external source/pumpto centre of back of rotor disc I and into tubes/vanes N which create the vector thrust at the rotor disc periphery to rotate the disc I.

Figure 7:

i) Close up image showing exit of tubes/vanes N to the periphery M of rotor disc I showing straight vector thrust.

ii) Close up image showing exit of tubes/vanes N to the periphery M of rotor disc I showing an angled vector thrust that will provide rotation to rotor disc I.

iii) Simple diagram showing sealed electrical field generator G and rotor discs 11 and 12 and the flow of liquid /fluid/water from the back of the disc rotors 11 and 12 being angled by curved guards O attached to the circumference of each face of sealed magnetic field generator G.This enables an additional stator surface to be created for any vectored thrust of liquid/fluid /water, but also enabling the flow of water to be directed into the material of the tank or tank ends rather than just to the centre as with a straight vector thrust shown in Figure 7 i).

iv) And v) some possible profiles of the internal stator surface labelled as 0 in figure 7 iii).

Figure 8:

i) Longitudinal cross section of basic apparatus within the tank H, showing sealed magnetic field generator G, with co or counter rotating rotor discs 11 and 12 .Each rotor disc is connected to a support Q which carries within a cable S which is the return circuit from the other electrode (not shown) .The support Q has to carry the weight of rotor disc 11 or 12 with a horizontal bearing, which freely allows the rotor discs to rotate .The rotation of 11 and 12 on the bearing, must then somehow complete an electrical circuit from incoming cable from electrode (not shown) which requires a liquid bush/bearing R that will conduct the electricity .The suggested material it being a sealed bearing is mercury ,the liquid metal being ideal,however if the toxicity of mercury is unacceptable then another electrical conducting material eg sintered metal or liquid graphite/graphene.

ii) A closer view showing bearing T ,that must also support the weight of I using the structure of Q and allow free rotation of I,showing also incoming cable S (from other electrode to enable a circuit to be made).

iii) A simple view of bush /bearing of figure 8i) labelled R showing incoming cable S (which is stationary)from other electrode into sealed chamber U filled with conducting fluid eg mercury .Showing the shaft of the disc rotor 13 (which rotates) supported on bearings Ul.

Figure 9:

i) Basic cross section along the tank and apparatus, showing tank H, sealed magnetic field generator G, rotor discs 11 and 12 and rotor disc supports Q .Showing cable S which makes the circuit required for electrolysis from 11 and 12 (which become electrodes) to electrodes V through the liquid/fluid/water inside the tank and return to 11 and 12 via cables S.

ii) Basic cross section of tank H and internal apparatus showing the separate gas collection of the electrolysis of water, zones W for disc rotor 11 and 12 which are an electrode and, separate extraction zones X for the other electrodes V.

iii) Showing a classical basic electrolysis cell consisting of electrolysis electrodes 1 and 2 with an electrical power source 4 suspended in a liquid /fluid/water enclosed by containment vessel 3, with products coming from the electrodes 1 & 2 shown as rising gases 5&6.

Figure 10: Some possible variations and additions.

i) In the main body of this patent application it is suggested to use water/liquid/fluid directly to power the disc rotors ,this enables water/liquid/fluid to also be introduced into the tank and its contents .There are however 2 other routes which are competitors to using a hydro drive for the disc rotors. These other 2 routes are air/gas and a liquid conductor such as Mercury. Air/gas powering of the disc rotors has potential as it could make use of gas expansion/contraction for powering the disc rotors, which could make use of the large volumes of hot air found at large electricity generation power plants. There is also the problem of speed in that homopolar generators require revolutions per minute to make high current flows, and air/gas speed may give rotational velocities of the disc rotors required. As shown the disc rotor I would need and internal turbine Z and circulatory flow in a support structure/pipe Q containing a flow of air/gas powered by a pump Y.G being the sealed magnetic field generator and H the tank wall. If a liquid conductor is used this allows the return/complete circuit from the other electrode (not shown), although it would require some electrical separation/insulation of parts Q and Y.

ii) The periphery M of the disc rotor is a continuous conductor from the conductor/insulator segments on the surface/body of the disc. It is possible that electrolysis would be occurring all over the surface of the disc rotor and it may be that directing this current into collectors 1 which would be electrical pickup bearings such as simple wheel in contact with the disc periphery conductor M .This collector 1 could then make product/gas collection easier.

iii) Possible simple overhead view of a more circular tank design showing tank wall H and a continuous electrode V and a collection point 2 for any solid materials created, showing possible internal mass circular flows.

iv) A simple view of a solid collection device 2 consisting of a motor drive 2A powering an Archimedes screw, which draws up collected solids from the tank H floor or sides, removing them from the tank to be conveyed away with 3 . Given the Tank when in operation will be electrically charged movement 3 would have to electrically separate the material from the liquid/fluid/water of the tank, using electrically insulated conveyors or stores/bins.

Description:

An electrolysis cell in the classical sense as shown in figure 9 iii) is described as passing an electrical current through a substance ,(in this case water) .We need a tank to contain, the substance and electrodes to act as source and collection of electrical current, an electrical power source is also needed .There are other more complicated aspects such as conductivity of material to be electrolysed, material of electrodes or current and frequency of DC electrical power used .The positive electrode is referred to as the anode and the negative electrode as the cathode, it is thought that the disc rotors when generating electrical currents by bisecting the sealed magnetic field will become the anode and that the cathode will be situated elsewhere in the tank.

The homopolar generator is considered inefficient in making electrical quantity and relies of revolutions to make useful electrical current quantities, however its design makes it possible to seal /separate the electrical conductors of the exciter fields for an electromagnetic field generator, from the liquid/water within the tank. So we can create an electromagnetic field, within a liquid/water that is electrically functional and safe. From Fardays theoretical paradox, we know that a conductor bisecting a magnetic field/line of flux produces an electrical current within the conductor .The magnetic field strength and rate of bisection by the conductor are relational, so getting the highest field strength and high rate of magnetic field/flux bisection with the conductor, will generate a higher electrical current .In most images of the homopolar electricity generator, we see a pick-up on the out circumference of the rotating disc to collect the electrical current produced .The nature of this electrical pick-up/collector has made the use of homopolar electricity generator difficult as you need liquid bushes or slip bushes to collect or make a an electrical circuit, as the rotor disc is a flat surface or a wire. Indeed this liquid bearing/bush has caused many technical difficulties confining the homopolar electricity generator to laboratory use .Whilst inefficient at electricity generation compared to modern electricity generators it does at least offer a low power input to rotate the rotor discs, giving it a potential for use in lower energy sources where a slower collection/creation of power may serve better. In the case of water electrolysis the electrical outputs possible from a homopolar electricity generator are idea as we need low voltage DC but high current flows.

Previous electrolysis thinking has been supplying electrical power to electrodes to make an electrical circuit, and this is used throughout the world. The thinking of creating an electromagnetic or magnetic field /lines of flux, within the liquid to electrolyse, has not/is not widely used and in the case of water electrolysis for Hydrogen and Oxygen gas production, could be very useful.

In description it is assumed that the homopolar electricity generator or faraday disc is understood technologically and that the innovation and novelty is in designing to function for the purposes of electrolysis or creating electricity directly into the substance held in a tank or mass.

It should also be pointed out that as high amperages and high magnetic fields may be present that material selection and fitting has to be very thoughtful to electrical safety and insulation and magnetic flux and magnetism.

If we take the design basically, as a tank to contain a substance, fluid, liquid, water and place in it a sealed electromagnetic field /flux generator and place close to it rotating conducting discs (disc rotors), when the magnetic field is generated and the rotor discs rotate, electricity should be produced in the conductors of the disc.No electricity should be produced if no electromagnetic field is present or if the conductor does not bisect the fields of flux.

The electromagnetic/magnetic field /flux generator is a magnet or electromagnetic material with a winding or coil around its periphery, this coil or winding when an electrical current is passed through it, creates /induces a magnetic field/flux .This can be sealed and enclosed so as to keep liquids or other environmental conditions out of the live conductors of the windings or coil.

The disc rotors need to align with magnetic flux and be able to freely rotate in the direction required. It is envisaged that the back of the rotor disc is flat and in cross section is thicker in the middle creating a saucer profile .The back of the disc rotor should be near to the face of the sealed electromagnetic field/flux generator and located centrally in the field when looking face on to the magnetic field/flux disc generation surface. The classic portrayal of the disc rotor from Michael Faraday's early invention is of a solid aluminium or copper disc rotating within a simple magnetic field, and a wheel pickup drawing the current from the disc periphery. Later improvements of the disc showed a single cable arranged in spiral giving higher electrical current outputs, but needing a liquid conductor as bush or bearing to collect or make an electrical circuit .This patent application has the same difficulty, mercury is still the liquid metal conductor one would choose as the other choices for an electrically conductive bearing are technically difficult, it has limitations such as vaporising at 40oC plus and allows free rotation .Some homopolar generators for laboratory work have been designed to give momentary very high amperages ,but in this design it is hoped high constant electrical currents can be generated directly giving electricity to electrolyse the surrounding liquid/material/water and use lower turning forces of the disc rotor to make water electrolysis practical and economical.

In this design it is the electrical circuit connection to the disc rotor from the other electrode that is important and uses a liquid conducting bush/bearing. The disc rotors being possibly of quite a large diameter (as the magnetic field/flux generator face area may be) suggests quite large weights/masses may be used, this in turn will dictate the size dimensions and materials of the tank used to contain the apparatus, reagents and contents. The sealed magnetic/electromagnetic field/flux generator can be fixed securely within the tank .the disc rotors could be fixed onto axel stubs from the centre of sealed magnetic field/flux generator, projecting outwards, although it is envisaged that to get a close fit of the back of disc rotor to the surface of the sealed magnetic/electromagnetic flux generator, the disc rotors will be supported from the centre and at their fronts, in this design enabling hydro propulsion to make vectored hydro thrust at the disc rotor periphery and enable disc rotation as well as water/liquid replenishment to the tank.

The speed of rotation of the rotor discs is an important factor, if they are fully submerged (which they should be) the hydrodynamics come into play and the disc rotor needs a smooth profile and little or no cavitation. There may be some surface patterns that are optimal for smooth rotation or even formation of electrolysis products, which will need research one early suggestion is the dimpling of the golf ball surface profile .Should it be chosen that the vectored thrust exits in other parts of the rotor disc rather than the periphery, but still giving vectored thrust then the disc rotor surface profile will be different (not shown in drawings).

Should it be that hydro power does not give enough rotor disc rpm then the design may change to an air/gas powered one as suggested in drawings figure 10 or even a liquid mercury (or other liquid conductor) driven rotor disc. The pattern of insulator/ conductor is suggested as being a swept shape from the centre to the periphery; a straight pattern may not create as much current although it will create some. The drawings do not show the spiral wire format of disc rotor although this may give good outputs .The saucer disc rotor could have part of surface from the centre coated with an insulator (not shown in drawings) to concentrate electrical exposed conductor and the electrolysis reaction, although until experimentation is done it is unclear if this is theoretically a good design or not.

The rotor discs are placed either side/face of the magnetic or electromagnetic field generator and it is thought that these should counter rotate as this may given an improvement in the magnetic field producing a simple possibly a Taurus magnetic field increasing the current as the magnetic field is bisected more as well as useful mechanical balancing of forces. The discs could co rotate if this offered improvement.

So in operation, the magnetic /electromagnetic flux field is electrically energised and a magnetic field/flux generated, the disc rotors rotate and being made of an electrical conductor then bisect the magnetic field/flux and create a current within the disc rotor conductor, which creates a potential difference on the disc rotor surface, electrons then transfer (when a suitable potential difference/current is obtained) into the body of the substance /water held in the tank and electrolysis takes place. The disc rotor becomes one electrode so some distance away must be the other but static electrode, a circuit from this static electrode must then complete to the rotating one to make a circuit. This then makes a homopolar generator.

This generator being used directly as an electrolysis cell means that whatever products are collected on or at the rotor disc electrode will be forming on a rotating disc, perhaps being pushed outward by the centripetal forces and/or being turbulent. The static electrode has straight forward product/by product collection .If a salt is used in the substance being electrolysed or impurities these may collect on the stationary electrode or rotor disc electrode and functioning of the electrolysis cell may require dynamic removal of these build ups or ability to shut down the cells for maintenance.

The electrolysis circuit being complete between rotor disc electrode and stationary electrode an electrical one way device or diode may help to improve electrical circuit flows, if electrolysing water will cause separate elemental gases to be produced at the rotor and stationary electrodes, which can be collected as gases under normal pressure and temperature as they rise upwards as gases in denser liquid.

Whilst the design shown and operation is relatively simple and useful, there is no doubt that great attention will be needed in making electrical safety and magnetic safety when in operation and maintenance, the tank will need flow and mechanical designs to support the weights of the apparatus and contents as well as thought to exit and entry points in and out of the tank which are not shown in the submission given or figures.

Possible variations or modifications:

1) The magnetic field generator and disc rotors may be shapes other than the one shown, but this design does have some ease of use for electrolysis requirements.

2) The tanks may be circular or round or other shape to enable ease of flow around or extraction of products.

3) The device could be made smaller to make a small electrolysis to provide hydrogen/oxygen for a fuel cell or combustion engine and have a use in transport as fuel source generator.

4) The disc shaped dish profile disc rotors could be a spiralled continuous wire as used in some design of homopolar electricity generator, or any other profile arrangement to improve electrical performance or electrolysis cell efficiency.

5) Gas/air or circulatory liquid such as mercury can be used to propel the rotor discs rather than the liquid propulsion proposed in this patent filing.

Advantages of the invention:

1) The novelty I hope of the invention is using the Faraday Homopolar disc or electricity generator to provide electricity directly in the medium to be electrolysed which is thought to be water, but of course could be other substances you might wish to electrolyse.

2) By generating the electricity within it negates the need for heavy cables from an external electricity generation source to the electrodes of the cell; it should be in theory be more electrically efficient.

3) The turning forces for the rotor discs is lower than for a high output conventional electrical generator allowing for lower energy sources to electrolyse water or other substance at a lower rate, eg compressed air or wind or low hydro as power source direct or indirectly of the disc rotors.

4) The dish profile of the rotor disc should allow for greater currents to be generated than with a slimmer/plain disc section profile.

Claims

Claims: 1) That this invention has a tank which can contain a liquid to be electrolysed at the required specified temperatures and pressures. 2) That a sealed electro/magnetic field/flux generator can be fixed into the tank shown as metal or magnetic induced material wound with an electrical coil ,to induce a magnetic field when energised, with an external to the tank power source. This device can be sealed in such a way so as to be fixed into the tank as a stationary apparatus and sealed from the contents of the tank, to make it electrically insulated, yet functional. 3) That as in the principals of Michael Faraday's homopolar motor/generator, that a rotating conductor, bisecting static magnetic field/lines of magnetic flux creates a current in the said conductor. 4) That the electrical current so created in the rotating disc conductor may be transferred into the body of liquid or water or other substance and give rise to electrolysis of the liquid/water to produce in waters case ,the spitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen elemental gases the electrical passing through the body to static electrode with an electrical connection back to the rotor disc to create an electrical circuit. 5) That one gas will form at the rotating disc electrode and rise in the liquid/water to be collected and another gas will form at the static electrode and will rise in the liquid/water to be collected at what are understood to be normal temperatures and pressures. 6) That this tank and apparatus can be designed to function at other temperatures and pressures or vacuum if these are useful or beneficial to electrolysis cell function. 7) That this device may be in smaller size be used to provide Hydrogen and Oxygen from the electrolysis of water to provide fuel for either combustion or a fuel cell in transport application such as a railway locomotive or motor vehicle. 8) That using a salt in the water to be electrolysed may improve the cell efficiency in terms of Hydrogen and Oxygen production from water electrolyte. 9) That this would also be useful for arrangements in banks or formations to produce large volumes of Hydrogen and Oxygen which may be useful in other chemical or power generation purposes or energy storage systems. Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows Claims:

1) That the patent applied for is design/designs capable of conducting electrolysis of an electrolyte, at normal, vacuum and increased pressures, as well as normal, heated or cooled temperatures. That this as operational unit may be termed as an electrolysis cell, and collecting the said products of electro chemistry which may form, either as free elements/molecules/compounds as gases/liquids or solids, and be capable of removing the said products or deposits from the electrolysis cell. Whereby the convention of definition of electrolysis, being as passing an electrical voltage/current through an electrolyte.

2) That the device in claims 1,consists of a tank or vessel with associate electrolyte feed input and electrolyte overflow, to contain the electrolyte, and that the tank/vessel may also have a lid that may enable gaseous products to be collected separately, also a fixed/static electrode and also a rotary/and or rotating electrode that in normal operation is submerged in the electrolyte. An electrical connection of the rotary/rotating electrode to the fixed/static electrode by means of an electrically conducting cable and a liquid conducting bearing. Containing also a source of magnetic field/flux that is preferred as an electromagnet (although a permanent magnet could be used) of suitable electrical construction as to be safe in operation and insulated electrically to be safe, whilst situated within the electrolyte of the tank/vessel.

3) That further to claims 2 that the rotary/rotating electrode have a means of being moved/powered/propelled by a liquid or gas pressurised ,to act upon integral blades ,as in a turbine, either flowing through the centre of the rotary/rotating disc or into one face of it.

4) That further to claims 2 ,that the electrolyte can be used as a pressurised flow ,from a pump external to the tank/vessel, and in passing once through the turbine/drive become released into the tank/vessel to act as electrolyte replenishment mechanism.

5) That the device in claims 2 with the rotary/rotating electrode be held in supporting bearings, and connected electrically to an incoming fixed electrical supply from a static electrode located in the same tank/vessel, via a liquid

Claims: I conductor bearing ,that enables the rotor/rotating electrode to rotate freely around its axis, within the electrolyte.

6) That the convention of electrical terms is that and electrode containing an excess of electrons be called a negative electrode or cathode symbolised by the -ve, symbol and that an electrode containing a deficit of electrons be called a positive electrode or anode, symbolised by the +ve symbol., and further that positive and negative electrodes are formed when the unit/electrolysis cell is energised and/or in operation. The excess of electrons in the rotary/rotating electrode is created, by the theory of the Faraday Disc generator also known as homopolar generator, whereby it was found that if a conductor passes through a magnetic field/magnetic line of flux ,an electrical voltage/current is observed in the conductor. That in the device/design the rotor/rotating conductor being made of conducting material, bisects line/lines of magnetic field/flux/force from a magnetic source (preferred as electromagnet),then an electric voltage/current is created in the rotary/rotating electrode material, which creates an excess of electrons which then cause ionic effects in the electrolyte dependent upon the chemical composition of the electrolyte .It is the convention of electrical terms that an atom or molecule that has lost an electron becomes positive and is termed cation and is symbolised by + symbol and an atom/molecule that has gained an electron becomes negatively charged and is called an anion and is symbolised by the - symbol, convention further states that in a conventional electrolysis cell that a positive charge, cation will be attracted to the negative electrode or cathode and that an a negative charge, anion will be attracted to the positive electrode or anode.

7) That further to the claims 2 and 3 and the conventions of claims 6 when the cell is in dynamic operation containing an electrolyte ,when a rotor/rotating conductor, moves through/bisects a magnetic field/flux/lines of force, then an electrical voltage/current will be observed/produced in the rotary/rotating conductor, creating an excess of electrons in the conductive material so used as rotary/rotating conductor electrode and that this excess of electrons enables the rotary/rotating electrode, when in operation, to become an electrode which may be termed the cathode.

Claims:

8) That further to claims 2 and 3 and the conventions of claims 6 ,that a stationary electrode made of electrically conducting material is also situated within the tank/vessel and submerged in the electrolyte, and that this stationary electrode if subject to magnetic lines of flux/field does not generate any/or little voltage/current within its material due to the magnetic flux/lines of force not being bisected by a conducting material, then this stationary electrode when in the apparatus is in operation is not producing an excess of electrons in its material and can be said to have an electron deficit ,and is therefore,relative to the rotary/rotating electrode, can be said to a anode electrode.

9) That as in claims 1 and 5, that the device/apparatus when in operation is capable of electrolysis ,by passing a voltage/current, through an electrolyte, .·.··. between a cathode and anode electrodes, the electrical voltage/current being • · ·

.....; produced by a rotary/rotating conductor bisecting magnetic flux/field/lines of • · force, from a magnet /electromagnetic source.

• · o · • ·

10) That as claims 7,8 and 5 ,that a stationary electrode or anode ,that an * * electrical cable or connection of electrically conducting material is made ,··;·. (passing through internally or externally to the tank/vessel) is terminated into ·· · a liquid conductor bearing ,into which the electrically conductive material of the rotary/rotating conductor is also terminated .That this then makes a complete electrical circuit from stationary electrode or anode ,to rotary/rotating electrode or cathode, and/or the circuit of ion transport that occurs in electrolysis,where a voltage/current passes between a cathode and anode through an electrolyte, when energised/in dynamic operation.

11) That further to claims 6 that it is further convention that electricity is said to be the flow of electrons travelling from a place of excess to a place of deficit of electrons or from negative to positive, and or cathode to anode and that this difference of electrons between the negative and positive charges, termed volts or voltage or potential difference. Convention also states that what is termed conventional current is also observed and thought to be an electromagnetic flow in a conductor is in the opposite direction to the flow of electrons and is termed as an electromagnetic force/conventional current .It is

Claims: I usual to consider current as amps/amperes, and representing the rate at which electrons/volts are passing through any point/or all of an electrical conductor, however what is termed conventional current is an electromagnetic force flowing in the opposite direction. Whilst it is beyond the scope of the patent application to define what a conventional current flow may or may not be in complete scientific theory of electromagnetism, it is claimed that the conventional current in terms of claims 10, if electrolysis was occurring would set up a dynamic within the electrolysis cell, whereby electrons,would be produced in excess upon the cathode ,and pass through the electrolyte in an ion transport mechanism/electrochemistry and transfer electrons to the anode ,it is claimed that the better conductance of a connecting cable of conducting material in claims 10 would transport these electrons back to the cathode ,which is already making an excess of electrons ,in operation. Eventually the • · · *·*··* excess of electrons would be so great that a dynamic should occur where the ·:···: electrolyte becomes ionised and the circuit of claims 10 begins to

.... operate/flow/energise and electrolysis occurs and that the circuit of claims 10 • · will enable electrons to flow in one direction (or the conventional current to • * flow in an opposite direction to the electrons) and so enable the circuit of .··:·. claims 10 to occur and a one way flow of electrons directed/controlled to flow ·· · j, mostly or solely from the cathode into ion formation in the electrolyte, the electrons being given up at the anode and flowing one way to the cathode .

12) That it is claimed that a/the source of magnetic flux/field/lines of magnetic force be from an electromagnet (although a permanent magnet is possible), this being a material capable of having an electromagnetic force induced in its material,which in the case of the preferred electromagnet is achieved by windings of an electrical conducting material e.g. copper wire that has an insulating layer around its exterior surface and is wound around the material to be electromagnetically induced, in such a way as to create an induction field ,that induces electromagnetism force in the magnet material, when an electrical flow is passed through the winding. This implies that a source of electrical power for the preferred electro magnet, is required to pass through the winding in a uni directional manner to induce a magnetic field in the material to be magnetised .it is claimed that this further implies that an

Claims: I electron flow will be observed in one direction and a conventional current flow observed in the opposite direction of an electromagnetic force. It is also convention that the DC electrical wave form is used in electro magnets normally, in order to give the magnetic induction to the material, therefore it would be a DC electrical supply to the electromagnet windings.

13) It is claimed that the material of rotary/rotating conductor electrode, which it is claimed by claims 6 conventions becomes a cathode, being either counter or co rotating electrodes either side of a magnetic/electromagnet source ,when in operation and the electrodes being so aligned with the emanations of the magnetic lines of flux/force from the magnet/electromagnet to be at best efficiency (which is being close to magnetic flux/field/force emanations source and its axis of rotation being .·.··. aligned with the axis of the magnetic emanations), that the strongest lines of • ··

.....; magnetic flux/field/lines of magnetic force will be encountered near to the centre of the electromagnet (if presented as the end face of a material as bar or rod or other shape, being magnetically induced by windings, so wound along • j·· ·· its body), and that if the rotary/rotating electrode is of certain cross sectional shape/area that this will affect the formation of excess electrons within its * ·· ’ · material. If the rotary/rotating electrode have a cross sectional profile as •J’ shown in drawings figure 3 ii) labelled 11,12, then the cross sectional area of the centre of the rotary/rotating electrode is greater and as such enables a greater area of conductor to bisect the magnetic flux/field/magnetic lines of force and create a greater excess of electrons, and that further if the lines of magnetic flux/field are greater near the centre of the face of magnetic lines of flux/force from the said electro magnet, then a greater conductor cross section area, bisecting the said lines of magnetic force/flux, will further increase excess electron production. Therefore it is possible that when in dynamic operation it will be observed that a greater formation of excess electrons forms in the greatest conductor cross sectional area, bisecting the strongest/most concentrated lines of magnetic flux/field/lines of magnetic force, and/or at the greatest velocity. From this understanding it is claimed that various shapes of cross sectional rotary/rotating electrode could be determining factors as to the electrical outputs achieved in the rotary/rotating electrode, in that the

Claims: I greatest velocities see on a rotating body driven around a central axis are at the periphery and the slower in relation at the centre axis of the rotation, where, as stated it is expected that at the centre of axis of rotation ,that the greatest magnetic/flux/field lines of force are found.

14) That further to claims 13 that the cross sectional areas of rotatory/rotating conductor electrode that the excess of electrons so formed will vary in quantity in certain areas of the rotary/rotating electrode, creating a voltage potential difference and/or areas of voltage potential difference within the body of the material/and surface,of the rotary/rotating electrode, and conversely, areas of variance, of the conventional current flow ,that are observed to be in an opposite direction to the direction of electron flow.it is understood that electrons will flow from places/areas of electron excess to places/areas of electron deficit within the material of the rotary/rotating • ··

.....; conductor The combined dynamic effect of these variances (dependent upon • · the end face of the electromagnet/magnet emanations of lines of magnetic ·”· force/flux and the cross sectional profile of the rotary/rotating conductor) ······ ,would give a potential difference profile or gradient ,and or conventional current flow gradient, in the material of the rotary/rotating conductor, and it ‘ is claimed that should this dynamic produce a greater conventional current *2· flow at the centre of the rotary/rotating electrode, that via its connection to the stationary electrode as in claims 10 and 11 ,that this will draw/attract electrons being deposited at the stationary electrode and act to increase the potential difference between the cathode and anode, and, that this enables an electrical circuit to form that will perform electrolysis.

15) That further to claims 3,4,5 and 9 that a feed of electrolyte from a pumped source can be fed into the centre of the rotary/rotating disc where an internal turbine blade system is within the body of the rotary/rotating electrode ,the pressurised electrolyte then travelling on through passageways or spiral/curved passage ways,within the body of the rotary/rotating conductor ,so as to create a further turbine/drive effect and that these passageways emerge at the periphery of the rotary/rotating disc, as jets of electrolyte that give vectored thrust jets,which can be angled /directed to strike a fixed rotor attached to the periphery of the sealed • ··

Claims:!

magnet/electromagnet or other fixture, that may have vane and/or louvres shapes to further enhance the thrust power ,or direct/control the electrolyte outflow circulation around the tank.