GB2552161A - Gas tight instrument junction box - Google Patents

Gas tight instrument junction box Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2552161A
GB2552161A GB1611985.1A GB201611985A GB2552161A GB 2552161 A GB2552161 A GB 2552161A GB 201611985 A GB201611985 A GB 201611985A GB 2552161 A GB2552161 A GB 2552161A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
metal
junction box
gasket
loop
protrusion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1611985.1A
Other versions
GB201611985D0 (en
Inventor
Joon OU Tin
Sundaram Marutha Muthu Shanmuga
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Mecano SE Asia Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
Phoenix Mecano SE Asia Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phoenix Mecano SE Asia Pte Ltd filed Critical Phoenix Mecano SE Asia Pte Ltd
Priority to GB1611985.1A priority Critical patent/GB2552161A/en
Publication of GB201611985D0 publication Critical patent/GB201611985D0/en
Priority to DE202017100586.0U priority patent/DE202017100586U1/en
Priority to KR2020170000650U priority patent/KR20180000219U/en
Publication of GB2552161A publication Critical patent/GB2552161A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/08—Cable junctions
    • H02G15/10—Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/06—Hermetically-sealed casings
    • H05K5/061—Hermetically-sealed casings sealed by a gasket held between a removable cover and a body, e.g. O-ring, packing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/08—Cable junctions
    • H02G15/10—Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes
    • H02G15/16—Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes structurally associated with support for line-connecting terminals within the box
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/02—Details
    • H02G3/08—Distribution boxes; Connection or junction boxes
    • H02G3/088—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof casings or inlets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/04—Metal casings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

An electrical junction box which comprises: a first metal plate with a protrusion P extending along a loop on its surface; and a second metal plate 21 with a gasket 26 extending along a corresponding loop on its surface. The gasket is held in a channel C, defined by angled members (32a-d, Fig. 2) fixed to the second plate surface. The protrusion contacts a first side of the gasket when the box is closed, while a second side of the gasket is in contact with the second plate. This preferably forms a hermetic seal. The gasket may be fixed in the channel with adhesive and may be formed from temperature resistant material. The protrusion or gasket may be provided at the rim of an opening in the first or second plate respectively. The plates may be connected by a hinge (17, Fig. 2) and the box closed with a latch (19, Fig. 2). The angled members may be welded to the second plate. The plates, protrusion and angled members may be formed from stainless steel.

Description

(54) Title of the Invention: Gas tight instrument junction box Abstract Title: Gas Tight Electrical Junction Box (57) An electrical junction box which comprises: a first metal plate with a protrusion P extending along a loop on its surface; and a second metal plate 21 with a gasket 26 extending along a corresponding loop on its surface. The gasket is held in a channel C, defined by angled members (32a-d, Fig. 2) fixed to the second plate surface. The protrusion contacts a first side of the gasket when the box is closed, while a second side of the gasket is in contact with the second plate. This preferably forms a hermetic seal. The gasket may be fixed in the channel with adhesive and may be formed from temperature resistant material. The protrusion or gasket may be provided at the rim of an opening in the first or second plate respectively. The plates may be connected by a hinge (17, Fig. 2) and the box closed with a latch (19, Fig. 2). The angled members may be welded to the second plate. The plates, protrusion and angled members may be formed from stainless steel.
Figure GB2552161A_D0001
1/3
IQ
Figure GB2552161A_D0002
Figure GB2552161A_D0003
213
Figure GB2552161A_D0004
R 4
3/3 ί\>
Figure GB2552161A_D0005
GAS TIGHT INSTRUMENT JUNCTION BOX
The application relates to a junction box. In particular, it relates to an instrument junction box.
An electrical junction box acts an enclosure for electrical connections between electrical devices and a control room. The enclosure is usually intended for concealing the electrical connections from sight and for deterring tampering of the electrical connections.
US 6169340 BI discloses an electrical junction box, which enables a quick and easy connection of an auxiliary power source, such as a generator, and equipment to a single hard-wired appliance, such as a gas furnace, pellet stove, and fireplace insert, without supplying power to a main power circuit, such as a breaker panel.
It is an object of the application to provide an improved junction box.
The application provides a junction box for storing electrical components .
The junction box encloses and protects the electrical components. The electrical components can refer to electrical terminals or connections and to electronic devices.
The junction box includes a first metal junction box component and a second metal junction box component.
Referring to the first metal junction box component, it includes a first metal plate with a protrusion.
The protrusion is provided on an inner surface of the first metal plate and it extends along a first loop on the surface of the first metal plate. The first loop comprises a predetermined shape, such as a rectangular.
Referring to the second metal junction box component, it comprises a second metal plate and an elastic gasket with a metal gasket holder.
The elastic gasket deforms when it is compressed. The elastic gasket returns to its original shape when the compression is removed. The elastic gasket extends along a second loop on a surface of the second metal plate. The second loop comprises a shape that corresponds with the predetermined shape of the first loop. The elastic gasket is positioned opposite to the protrusion of the first metal plate.
The metal gasket holder includes a set of metal angle pieces, which are fixed to the second metal plate. The angle piece has an elongated body with a L shape cross-section.
The metal angle pieces are arranged to form a channel for receiving and for holding the gasket, wherein the channel grips and compresses the gasket.
In a closed position, the protrusion contacts a first side of the elastic gasket and the second metal plate contacts a second side of the elastic gasket.
These contacts form a hermetic seal of a space, which is provided between the first metal junction box component and the second metal junction box component.
The hermetic seal prevents an external gas from entering the junction box. This is useful when the junction box is used in places where a flammable gas can be present. The junction box prevents the flammable gas from entering the inside of the junction box, where the electronic components can generate a spark for igniting the flammable gas. In short, the junction box reduces risk of explosion.
The elastic gasket can include a layer of adhesive, which is provided at the second side of the elastic gasket. The adhesive layer acts to bond the elastic gasket to the second metal plate .
The elastic gasket often includes an elastic temperature resistant material, such as a synthetic silicone polymer material. This material allows the gasket to operate at temperature extremes .
The first metal junction box component can include an opening while the protrusion is provided at a rim area of the opening. The opening allows the electronic components to be placed inside the junction box. In the closed position, the protrusion and the gasket acts to seal and to cover the opening.
Similarly, the second metal junction box component can also include an opening, wherein the elastic gasket is provided at a rim area of the opening.
One or more metal door hinge units can be attached to the first metal junction box component and be attached to the second metal junction box component for connecting the first metal junction box component to the second metal junction box component.
One or more latch units can also be provided for connecting the first metal junction box component to the second metal junction box component.
The metal angle pieces can be fixed to by welding, such as Tungsten Inert Gas welding, although some connection means the second metal plate (TIG) welding or spot can also be used.
Fig. 1 illustrates an outdoor/indoor instrument junction box,
Fig. 2 illustrates a metal cover of the junction box of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 illustrates an expanded view of a part of the metal cover, when the junction box is placed in a closed position.
In the following description, details are provided to describe embodiments of the application. It shall be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that the embodiments may be practiced without such details.
Some embodiments have similar parts. The similar parts may have the same names or similar part reference numerals with an alphabet or prime symbol. The description of one similar part also applies by reference to another similar part, where appropriate, thereby reducing repetition of text without limiting the disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows an outdoor/indoor instrument junction box 10.
The junction box 10 includes a metal container 12 with a metal cover 15 as well as a set of metal door hinges 17 with a latching mechanism 19. The metal door hinges 17 and the latch5 ing mechanism 19 are connected to both the metal container and the metal cover 15.
As better seen in Figs. 2 and 3, the metal cover 15 includes a rectangular and flat metal plate 21, a rectangular metal gasket holder 24, and a single piece of rectangular elastic or stretchable elastomeric gasket 26 with a double-sided sticky tape 29.
In detail, the metal gasket holder 24 comprises a rectangular outer metal loop 32 and a rectangular inner metal loop 34.
The outer metal loop 32 includes four straight metal bars 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d, wherein the metal bars 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d are arranged to form sides of a rectangle. Each of the metal bars 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d has an L shape cross section .
The metal bars 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d are positioned at an outer part of the metal plate 21 and these metal bars 32a,
32b, 32c, and 32d are fixed to the metal plate 21 with Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welds W.
The TIG weld temperature are specially controlled and produced using heat and pressure to fix and secure two or more metal parts together. A high electric current is passed through these metal parts, wherein these metal parts provide an electrical resistance. This causes generating of heat and also melting of the metal parts. Pressure is then applied these metal parts to fix the metal parts together.
Referring to the inner metal loop 34, it includes straight metal bars 34a, 34b, 34c, and 34d, which are similar to the metal bars 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d of the outer metal loop 32.
The metal bars 34a, 34b, 34c, and 34d are also arranged similarly to the metal bars 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d of the outer metal loop 32.
The inner metal loop 34 is positioned inside the outer metal loop 32, wherein the outer metal loop 32 surrounds the rectangular inner metal loop 34. The outer metal loop 32 and the inner metal loop 34 are also positioned such that these outer and inner metal loops 32 and 34 form an elongated channel C with a U shape cross section and with a predetermined tolerance width. The channel C is arranged in a shape of rectangle.
The rectangular elastic elastomeric gasket 26 is placed inside the rectangular channel, wherein sidewalls of the channel C touches and grips the elastic elastomeric gasket 26.
The double-sided sticky tape 29 is placed between the elastomeric gasket 26 and the metal plate 21 of the metal cover 15, wherein one side of the sticky tape 29 contacts the elastomeric gasket 26 and another side of the sticky tape 29 contacts the metal plate 21.
The metal container 12 has only one opening. The opening has rectangular shape. A rectangular loop protrusion P that is placed at a rim part of the rectangular opening, as seen in Fig. 3. The dimensions of the rectangular loop protrusion P correspond with the dimensions of the elastomeric gasket 26.
In other words, the protrusion P is arranged in a shape of rectangle and is placed at the rim of the opening of the metal container 12.
With respect to dimensions, in one implementation, the metal cover 15 has width and length of about 380 millimeter (mm).
The channel C has a width of about 12 millimeter (mm). The elastomeric gasket 26 has a width of about 14 mm, when the elastomeric gasket 26 is not compressed. The metal plate 21 of the metal cover 15 has a thickness of at least 1.5 mm to 3 mm.
The metal container 12 has a depth of about 205 mm.
In another implementation, the metal cover 15 has width of about 382 mm and a length of about 458 mm.
The metal container 12 and the metal cover 15 include a stainless steel material.
The elastomeric gasket 26 includes an elastic temperature resistant material, such as a synthetic silicone polymer material, which is able to withstand a high temperature from about minus 60 degree Celsius (C) to about positive 200 degree C.
During production, a metal sheet is laser cut, bend, and/or welded to form the metal container 12, form the metal cover 15, form the outer metal loop 32, and form the inner metal loop 34.
The outer metal loop 32 and the inner metal loop 34 are TIG welded at predetermined positions of the metal cover 15 using a metal alignment jig in order to obtain desired tolerances within the channel C.
The metal door hinges 17 are then welded to the metal cover 15 and to the metal container 12.
After this, the elastomeric gasket 26 is then inserted into the channel C of the metal gasket holder 24 using a special tool, such that the elastomeric gasket 26 is placed snug firm8 ly inside the channel, wherein the gasket 26 is mechanically held, such that the sticky tape 29 contacts the elastomeric gasket 26 and contacts the metal plate 21. The elastomeric gasket 26 held such that the elastomeric gasket 26 is snugged or is closed fitted in a fixed position without peeling off, even when the elastomeric gasket 26 is subjected to extreme temperatures and to prolonged years of operation
Functionally, the junction box 10 is used to conceal electrical connections or to conceal electronic devices in a hermetical manner.
The door hinges 17 metal container 12 cover 15 to rotate acts to attach the metal The door hinges 17 also about the door hinges 17 cover 15 to the allow the metal
The metal gasket holder 24 acts to compress and to hold the elastomeric gasket 26. In other words, the metal gasket holder 24 grips the elastomeric gasket 26.
The sticky tape 29 acts to adhere or stick to the elastomeric gasket 26 and to adhere to the metal cover 15 in order to seal any gap between the elastomeric gasket 26 to the metal cover
15.
The junction box 10 provides an open position and a closed position .
In the open position, the metal cover 15 is rotated away from the opening of the metal container 12, wherein the metal cover 15 does not cover or conceals the opening.
This position allows installation and servicing of parts, where are placed inside the metal container 12.
In the closed position, the metal cover 15 is rotated toward the opening of the metal container 12, wherein the metal cover 15 conceals the metal container opening.
The latching mechanism 17 acts to push the metal cover 15 towards the metal container opening to conceal and cover the metal container opening.
The rectangular loop protrusion P then presses against the elastomeric gasket 26, wherein the elastomeric gasket 26 then deforms. This later causes the rectangular loop protrusion P, the elastomeric gasket 26, and the sticky tape 29 form a seal prevent gas from entering the metal container 12 or from leaving the metal container 12.
In effect, the gasket holder 24 firmly holds the elastomeric gasket 26 mechanically. The sticky tape 29 provides a bond with the elastomeric gasket 26 and with the metal cover 15 to seal the metal container opening.
This arrangement is then able to meet regulations regarding explosive .
In a general sense, the sticky tape 29 can be replaced with a layer of adhesive.
Although the above description contains much specificity, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments but merely providing illustration of the foreseeable embodiments. The above stated advantages of the embodiments should not be construed especially as limiting the scope of the embodiments but merely to explain possible achievements if the described embodiments are put into practice. Thus, the scope of the embodiments should be determined by the claims and their equivalents, rather than by the examples given.
REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 junction box
12 metal container
5 15 metal cover
17 metal door hinge
19 latching mechanism
21 metal plate
24 metal gasket holde:
10 26 elastomeric gasket
29 sticky tape
32 outer metal loop
32a metal bar
32b metal bar
15 32c metal bar
32d metal bar
34 inner metal loop
34a metal bar
34b metal bar
20 34c metal bar
34d metal bar
C channel
P loop protrusion
25 W spot weld

Claims (9)

1. A junction box for electrical components, the junction box comprising a first metal junction box component that comprises a first metal plate, and a protrusion being provided on a surface of the first metal plate, wherein the protrusion extends along a first loop on the surface of the first metal plate, the first loop comprising a predetermined shape, and a second metal junction box component that comprises a second metal plate, an elastic gasket, wherein the elastic gasket extends along a second loop on a surface of the second metal plate, the second loop comprising a shape that corresponds with the predetermined shape of the first loop, and a metal gasket holder comprising a set of metal angle pieces being fixed to the second metal plate, the metal angle pieces form a channel for receiving and holding the elastic gasket, wherein the protrusion contacts a first side of the elastic gasket and wherein the second metal plate contacts a second side of the elastic gasket.
2. The junction box according to claim 1, wherein the elastic gasket comprises a layer of adhesive, which is provided at the second side of the elastic gasket.
3. The junction box according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the elastic gasket comprises an elastic temperature resistant material.
4. The junction box according to one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the first metal junction box component comprises an open ing, wherein the protrusion is provided at a rim area of
5 the opening.
5. The junction box according to one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the second metal junction box component comprises an
10 opening, wherein the elastic gasket is provided at a rim area of the opening.
6. The junction box according to one of the above-mentioned claims further comprising
15 at least one metal door hinge unit being attached to the first metal junction box component and to the second met al junction box component.
7. The junction box according to one of the above-mentioned
20 claims further comprising at least latch unit for connecting the first metal junction box component to the second metal junction box component .
25
8. The junction box according to one of the above-mentioned claims, wherein the metal angle pieces are fixed to the second metal plate by welding.
30
9. The junction box according to one of the above-mentioned claims, wherein the first metal junction box component and the second metal junction box component comprises a stainless steel material.
Intellectual
Property
Office
Application No: Claims searched:
GB1611985.1A 2016-07-11 2016-07-11 Gas tight instrument junction box Withdrawn GB2552161A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1611985.1A GB2552161A (en) 2016-07-11 2016-07-11 Gas tight instrument junction box
DE202017100586.0U DE202017100586U1 (en) 2016-07-11 2017-02-03 Gas-tight instrument connection housing
KR2020170000650U KR20180000219U (en) 2016-07-11 2017-02-07 Gas tight instrument junction box

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1611985.1A GB2552161A (en) 2016-07-11 2016-07-11 Gas tight instrument junction box

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201611985D0 GB201611985D0 (en) 2016-08-24
GB2552161A true GB2552161A (en) 2018-01-17

Family

ID=56891008

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1611985.1A Withdrawn GB2552161A (en) 2016-07-11 2016-07-11 Gas tight instrument junction box

Country Status (3)

Country Link
KR (1) KR20180000219U (en)
DE (1) DE202017100586U1 (en)
GB (1) GB2552161A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108899860B (en) * 2018-09-04 2024-03-29 沈阳北方艾克电缆有限公司 Fireproof cable branch box

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421400A (en) * 1944-06-03 1947-06-03 Young William Door sealing arrangement
US4291817A (en) * 1980-06-09 1981-09-29 Spitzer Erlys C Weatherproof panel enclosure
CN201303216Y (en) * 2008-10-31 2009-09-02 上海华润特种变压器成套有限公司 Sealed waterproof mechanism of outdoor electric box
CN203289789U (en) * 2013-04-19 2013-11-13 上海德矣机电工程有限公司 Outdoor detection control box
US20150075080A1 (en) * 2013-09-16 2015-03-19 Jeffrey S. Ellingson Apparatus for Sealing Door of an Enclosure
US20150097471A1 (en) * 2013-10-04 2015-04-09 Stevan M. Bailey Water resistant outdoor electronics cabinet

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10335872A (en) * 1997-05-28 1998-12-18 Kawamura Electric Inc Enclosure for housing electrical apparatus
US6169340B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2001-01-02 Dale A. Jones Electrical junction box for auxiliary power
DE10111646B4 (en) * 2000-05-16 2008-10-02 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Shielded control cabinet housing
KR100698566B1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-03-21 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 Cover lock mechanism

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421400A (en) * 1944-06-03 1947-06-03 Young William Door sealing arrangement
US4291817A (en) * 1980-06-09 1981-09-29 Spitzer Erlys C Weatherproof panel enclosure
CN201303216Y (en) * 2008-10-31 2009-09-02 上海华润特种变压器成套有限公司 Sealed waterproof mechanism of outdoor electric box
CN203289789U (en) * 2013-04-19 2013-11-13 上海德矣机电工程有限公司 Outdoor detection control box
US20150075080A1 (en) * 2013-09-16 2015-03-19 Jeffrey S. Ellingson Apparatus for Sealing Door of an Enclosure
US20150097471A1 (en) * 2013-10-04 2015-04-09 Stevan M. Bailey Water resistant outdoor electronics cabinet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201611985D0 (en) 2016-08-24
DE202017100586U1 (en) 2017-05-30
KR20180000219U (en) 2018-01-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1724839A1 (en) Terminal box
EP1591725A3 (en) Hot gas seal
JP2007240454A (en) Electron beam generator
GB2552161A (en) Gas tight instrument junction box
JP2018194300A (en) Oven for gas chromatograph and gas chromatograph apparatus using the same
CN102237242A (en) X-ray generating device
US10978720B2 (en) Thermal battery assembly and related methods
US10332697B2 (en) Encapsulation of components and a low energy circuit for hazardous locations
JP2009068973A (en) Electron beam irradiation equipment
JP2020022253A (en) Switch gear
ATE460761T1 (en) METAL ENCLOSED GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR
JP2013072648A (en) Environmental test device
US10229803B2 (en) High voltage relay systems and methods
JP5552903B2 (en) Gas insulated switchgear
JP2007250340A (en) Airtight terminal
CN112185728A (en) Switching element for use in potentially explosive areas
WO2020124527A1 (en) Explosion-proof and flame-retardant distribution box
JP2006324643A (en) Explosion-proof electrical equipment
JP6562146B1 (en) Power supply cabinet
CN101593586B (en) Electronic component
JP5035896B2 (en) Airtight component of distribution board
JP2021083255A (en) Pressure release device and switchgear
KR101666377B1 (en) Fire prevention unit for door
CN216312457U (en) Explosion-proof distribution box
JP2005176421A (en) Gas insulated switchgear

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)