GB2526094A - Air conditioners - Google Patents

Air conditioners Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2526094A
GB2526094A GB1408426.3A GB201408426A GB2526094A GB 2526094 A GB2526094 A GB 2526094A GB 201408426 A GB201408426 A GB 201408426A GB 2526094 A GB2526094 A GB 2526094A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
air conditioner
heat exchanger
cooling
air
conditioner according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB1408426.3A
Other versions
GB201408426D0 (en
GB2526094B (en
Inventor
Arun Tamil Selvan Vijayakumar
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to GB1408426.3A priority Critical patent/GB2526094B/en
Publication of GB201408426D0 publication Critical patent/GB201408426D0/en
Publication of GB2526094A publication Critical patent/GB2526094A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2526094B publication Critical patent/GB2526094B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0087—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units with humidification means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/002—Axial flow fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5826—Cooling at least part of the working fluid in a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0018—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by fans
    • F24F1/0022—Centrifugal or radial fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0018—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by fans
    • F24F1/0029—Axial fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • F24F1/0063—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • F24F1/0067—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the shape of the heat exchangers or of parts thereof, e.g. of their fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
    • F24F13/222—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
    • F24F6/02—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by evaporation of water in the air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels
    • F28D1/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels with an air driving element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0472—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/028—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of at least one medium being helically coiled, the coils having a conical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/12—Details or features not otherwise provided for transportable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0041—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having parts touching each other or tubes assembled in panel form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning Room Units, And Self-Contained Units In General (AREA)

Abstract

An air conditioner comprises a fan 2, a heat exchanger 4 positioned adjacent the fan and suitable for cooling an inlet stream of ambient air 28 to provide an outlet stream of cooled air 30. The heat exchanger comprises at least one cooling tube 8 having a helical construction with a plurality of turns and through which coolant fluid is circulated. The heat exchanger may be positioned upstream or downstream of the fan. The cooling tube may comprise of an inlet 14 and an outlet 16 connected to a source of coolant fluid. The cooling tube may comprise a plurality of aluminium concentric cooling tubes (8k, 8l, fig 9), which may be of a cylindrical or frusto-conical construction. A helical vane (44) located radially between a pair of concentric tubes may guide air through the heat exchanger. An evaporative cooler pad (38) located underneath the tube(s) may capture condensed water dripping from the tube(s) and may be used to humidify the air. The fan may be an axial or centrifugal type. The coolant fluid may be water with antifreeze stored in an insulated compartment and cooled by a refrigeration unit 12.

Description

TITLE
Air conditioners
DESCRIPTION
Technical field
The present invention relates to air conditioners, and in particular to portable air conditioners for providing a stream of cooled (or conditioned') air,
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides an air conditioner comprising: a fan; and a heat exchanger positioned adjacent the fan and adapted to cool an inlet stream of ambient air to provide an outlet stream of cooled air, the heat exchanger comprising at least one cooling tube (or coil) having a helical construction with a plurality of tums and through which coolant fluid is circulated during use.
The air conditioner is preferably portable and can be used for cooling in domestic, commercial and industrial environments where closed air ventilation systems are too expensive or difficult to install, The air conditioner can be used in place of conventional wall-mounted or portable air conditioning equipment, evaportative air coolers, pedestal fans etc. The air conditioner is intended to be very economical to operate and can be powered by mains electricity or by an alternative power source such as a battery or a potable (diesel) generator making it inherently suitable for use in locations where mains electricity from the national power grid is often unreliable.
The heat exchanger can be positioned upstream or downsireani of the Fan. Tn one arrangement, a first heat exchanger can be positioned upstream of the fan and a second heat exchanger can be positioned downstream of the fan. If the heat exchanger is positioned upstream of the fan, the fan will operate to pull ambient air through the heat exchanger and then push the outlet stream of cooled air away from the air conditioner to provide cooling, If the heat exchanger is positioned downstream of the fan, the fan will operate to push ambient air through the heat exchanger and the outlet stream of cooled air away from the air conditioner. As the air flows through the heat exchanger it will be cooled by impinging on the at east one cooling tube and transferring heat to the coolant fluid flowing therethrough.
The fan can have any suitable construction, including axial-flow and centrifugal (blower) types. The fan can include a rotating blade or impeller assembly that is driven by an electric motor. The rotating blade or impeller assembly can be positioned within a housing or shroud, which can optionally also at least partially enclose part of the heat exchanger. The fan can have a low static pressure of operation.
Each cooling tube can include an inlet and an outlet fluidly connectable to a source of coolant fluid.
The air conditioner can include a coolant fluid reservoir (e.g., an insulated storage compartment for storing the coolant fluid), means for cooling the coolant fluid (e.g., a refrigeration unit), and means for circulating the coolant fluid through each cooling tube (e.g., a pump). Flow control valves can be provided between the circulating means and an inlet and outlet of each cooling tube to selectively isolate each cooling tube from the insulated storage compartment. The air conditioner will typically include a closed-loop circuit around which the coolant fluid is circulated during use, the circuit including the coolant fluid reservoir, the circulating means and the at least one cooling tube, together with any associated flow control valves and piping etc. If the heat exchanger includes a plurality of cooling tubes, they can be arranged in series in a single closed1oop circuit or each cooling tube can have its own closed4oop circuit, Any convenient series, parallel or series-parallel arrangement ol' cooling tubes can be used.
The circulating means, flow control valves, refrigeration unit, fan etc. will typically be controlled by a controller.
The coolant fluid reservoir can be thermally insulated to reduce the heat transfer between the coolant fluid and the outside environment.
The circulating means can circulate the coolant fluid through the closed-loop circuit at a volume flow rate that can either be predetermined (e.g., factory-set) or selected by the user through the controller, Increasing the volume flow rate will increase the cooling effect of the air conditioner and vice versa. Other operational parameters of the air conditioner (e.g., fan speed) can also be selected by the user through the controller.
The circulating means can be located inside the coolant fluid reservoir.
The cooling means (e.g., the refrigeration unit) can have any suitable construction and can include a compressor etc, The cooling means will be operated periodically or as necessary to cool the coolant fluid and where appropriate to maintain the coolant fluid at a suitable working temperature. Once the coolant fluid has been cooled, the air conditioner can provide effective cooling for an extended period of time (eg., 4 to 10 hours depending on the physical size of the coolant fluid reservoir) by circulating the coolant fluid through the heat exchanger without any further operation of the cooling means. It will be readily appreciated that, once the cooling means has been turned off the temperature of the coolant fluid will gradually increase over the extended period of time and that it will eventually need to be cooled again by the cooling means. The coolant fluid can be cooled by operating the cooling means at a convenient time, e.g., during the night time when mains electricity is often more reliably available from the national power grid. To operate the air conditioner when direct cooling is needed, e.g., during the hottest paris of the day, the only components that need to be supplied with electricity are the fan and the circulating means. These components can be deliberately selected to have low power consumption so that the air conditioner can be operated using an alternative power source such as a battery or a portable generator as well as from mains electricity when this is available, The coolant fluid reservoir can have any suitable construction and be sized to receive and store any suitable volume of coolant fluid. It will be readily appreciated that the volume of coolant fluid that can be stored is directly proportional to the period of time for which the air conditioner can provide effective cooling. The coolant fluid reservoir (and associated components) will typically be an integral part of the air conditioner arid will be integrated with the fan and the heat exchanger to form a single, portable, unit. In one arangement, the fan and the heat exchanger are fixedly or moveably mounted on top of the coolant fluid reservoir. The coolant fluid reservoir can also be provided as a separate component and connected to a separately mounted fan / heat exchanger unit by flexible elongate tubing or the like.
Any convenient coolant fluid can be used, e.g., a mixture of water and a suitable antifreeze such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
The air conditioner can include means (e.g., an evaporative cooling means) for capturing any liquid water that forms on the heat exchanger. The capturing means can be provided in the form of a pad that is positioned at a lower part of the heat exchanger, typically underneath the radially outermost cooling tube. The inlet stream of ambient air will typically be cooled below its dew point causing water to form as droplets on each cooling tube. The capturing means will capture or absorb the water arid mix it with the outlet stream, The air conditioner therefore maintains drip-free operation and can provide a humidified outlet stream.
The at least one cooling tube can have a substantially cylindrical constmction such that each turn has substantially the same diameter and lies along a cylindrical surface.
Alternatively, the at least one cooling tube can have a substantially Ilusto-conical (or tapered) construction such that the turns lie along a frusto-conical (or tapered) surface.
The at least one cooling tube can be tapered so as to have a smaller diameter at either the inlet or outlet end of the cooling tube, The heat exchanger can comprise a plurality of cooling tubes (or coils). The plurality of cooling tubes can be arranged substantially concentrically and be radially spaced apart to define at least one flow path therebetween for the air flong through the heat exchanger. Any suitable combination of substantially cylindrical and substantially frusto-conical cooling tubes can be used.
The overall construction of the heat exchanger (i.e., the number of cooling tubes and their individual construction) will typically be detennined with reference to the available space for a particular size of fan. For a given length, a substantially frnsto-conical cooling tube will typically create a larger surface area for cooling purposes compared to a substantially cylindrical cooling tube. However, a substantially frusto-conical cooling tube will typically reduce the total number of cooling tubes that can be accommodated in the available space. The overall construction should also allow for proper mixing of the air prior to exiting the heat exchanger to ensure substantially even distribution of temperature within the outlet stream.
Different constructions may be preferred for use with different types of fan, e.g., axial-flow or centrifugal (blower).
The construction of the heat exchanger as herein described, and in particular the concentric arrangement of the various cooling tubes, can provide a lower pressure drop across the heat exchanger as compared with alternative, known, arrangements, arid can increase heat transfer between the air flowing through the heat exchanger and the coolant fluid. In a typical arrangement, the air is guided through the heat exchanger by the concentric cooling tubes without opposing the rotational component (or swirl) thereby preventing the development of eddies.
The cooling tubes can be made of ally suitable, thermally-conductive, malerial, but will typically be a metal such as aluminium.
If the heat exchanger is positioned upstream of the fan, the air will typically flow axially through the heat exchanger (i.e., along a direction that is substantially parallel to a coil axis of each cooling tube). If the heat exchanger is positioned downstream of the fan, such that the fan pushes the inlet stream of ambient air into and through the heat exchanger, the air can have a combination of both axial and rotational components. For example, if the fan is an axial-flow fan that moves the air paraflel to the shaft about which the blade or impeller assembly rotates, the air will flow axially through the heat exchanger but will also have rotational component (or swirl) which can actually increase the heat transfer between the air and the coolant fluid circulating through the cooling tube(s) and hence improve the cooling effect of the heat exchanger. If the fan is a centrifugal fan (or blower) that provides an outlet stream that is typically substantially perpendicular to the fan intake and which moves air radially to the shaft about which the blade or impeller rotates, the air will typically have a more axial flow path through the heat exchanger with practically no rotational component.
The heat exchanger can further include helical vane means for guiding the air through the heat exchanger, e.g., along a helical flow path, to increase the heat transfer between the air and the coolant fluid circulating through the cooling tube(s). The helical vane means can be used particularly effectively with centrifugal fans where the outlet stream of the fan contains practically no rotational component at the exit of the fan/blower, The helical vane means can be located radially between a pair of concentric cooling tubes. The outlet stream of cooled air from an air conditioner that includes helical vane means will therefore have both an axial component and a rotational component at the exit of the heat exchanger.
The heat exchanger can be positioned and/or constructed to maximise the heat transfer between the air and the coolant fluid. In one arrangement, the cooling tube(s) can be positioned substantially in, or aligned with, a region that experiences the maximum i'a(e of air how, For example, for axial-flow fans, there will typically be a central or inner region that has a low rate of air flow and an outer region that has higher rate of air flow, The cooling tube(s) of the heat exchanger are therefore preferably in, or aligned with, with outer region.
Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic view of an air conditioner according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a side view of a first air conditioner with an axial-flow fan; Figure 3 is a front view of the first air conditioner of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a side view of part of a second air conditioner with an axial-flow fan and including an evaporative cooler pad; FigureS is a detail view (labelled A' in Figure 4); Figures 6A to 6C are schematic views showing flow paths through heat exchange unit constructions with a two concentric coils; Figure 7 is a schematic view showing a preferred heat exchange unit construction; Figure 8 is a side view of part of a third air conditioner with a centriftigal fan (or blower); Figure 9 is a detail view (labelled B' in Figure 8; and Figure 10 is a perspective view of a helical divider that is used in the third air conditioner of Figure 8.
is With reference to Figure 1, an air conditioner I according to the present invention includes a fan unit 2 and a heat exchange unit 4. AJthough the fan unit 2 is illustrated as an axial-flow fan with a rotating blade assembly 6 that is driven by an electric motor (not shown), it will be readily appreciated that other types of fan unit can also be used, e.g., centrifugal fans (or blowers).
The heat exchange unit 4 includes at least aluminium one coil (or cooling tube) 8 that has a helical construction with a plurality of turns, Although the heat exchange unit 4 is positioned downstream of the fan unit 2 (the direction of air flow in Figure 1 being indicated by the block arrows), it will be readily appreciated that (lie heat exchange miii can also be positioned upstream ol' (lie fan unit. In another arrangement, a separate heat exchange unit can be positioned upstream of the fan unit so that the inlet stream to the fan unit is pre-cooled.
An insulated storage compartment 10 is filled with a coolant fluid, e.g., a mixture of water and a suitable antifreeze such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. The coolant fluid is cooled by a conventional refrigeration unit 12.
The heat exchange unit 4 includes an inlet 14 and an outlet 16. If the heat exchange unit 4 includes a plurality of coils, they can be connected between the inlet 14 and the outlet 16 in a series, parallel or series-parallel arrangement. An inlet line 18 is connected between the inlet 14 and an outlet of a pump unit 20 and an outlet (or return) line 22 is connected between the outlet 16 and an inlet of the pump unit. The pump unit 20 is operated to circulate coolant fluid between the insulated storage compartment 10 and the heat exchange unit 4 and forms part of a closed-loop system.
Valves 24, 26 are provided in the inlet line 18 and the outlet line 22, respectively, to isolate the heat exchange unit 4 from the insulated storage compartment 10.
The fan unit 2, the refrigeration unit 12 and the pump unit 20 can be operated using mains electricity or by an alternative power source such as a battery, a portable (diesel) generator, for example, if mains electricity is unavailable. Operation of the air conditioner 1, including one or more parameters such as onloff control, fan speed and the volume flow rate at which the coolant fluid is circulated by the pump unit, can be controlled by a control unit (not shown).
As shown schematically in Figure 1, the heat exchange unit 4 is positioned adjacent the fan unit 2 and is adapted to cool an inlet stream 28 of ambient air to provide an outlet stream of cooled air 30. The refrigeration unit 12 is operated as required (e.g., during the night) to cool the coolant fluid within the insulated storage compartment.
Once the coolant fluid has been cooled to a suitable working temperature, the air conditioner t can provide the outlet stream 30 of cooled air by operating only the fan unit 2 and the pump unit 20.
A first air conditioner 1' is shown in Figures 2 and 3. The fan unit 2 is mounted on top of the insulated storage compartment tO and includes a rear housing 32 which contains the electric motor and associated controls etc. (not shown) and a front housing 34 which contains the rotating blade assembly 6.
The heat exchange unit 4 includes four concentric coils 8a-8d which are connected together in series between the inlet 14 and the outlet 16. The heat exchange unit 4 includes a housing 36. The radially innermost coil 8a has a cylindrical construction, i.e., the turns of the helical coil lie on a cylindrical surface as shown in Figure 2. The coil Sb has a frusto-conical (or tapered) construction, i.e., the turns of the helical coil lie on a frusto-conical (or tapered) surface, and has a smaller diameter at the outlet end as shown in Figure 2. The coil Sc has a frusto-conical construction and has a larger diameter at the outlet end as shown in Figure 2. The radially outermost coil Sd has a frusto-conical construction and has a smaller diameter at the outlet end as shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that the frusto-conical surfaces for each of the coils Sb, Sc and 3d adopt a different angle relative to the axis of the heat exchange unit 4.
The coils 8a-8d are radially spaced apart to define flow paths therebetween for the air flowing through the heat exchange unit 4.
Figures 4 and 5 show part of a second air conditioner 1" where like parts have been given the same reference sigu. Although Figure 4 only shows the fan unit 2 and heat exchange unit 4, it will be readily appreciated that they will be mounted on top of the insulated storage compartment in the same way as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The heat exchange unit 4 includes three concentric coils 8e-8g. The radially innermost coil Se has a cylindrical construction. The coil Sf has a fiusto-conical construction and has a larger diameter at the outlet end. The radially outermost coil 8g has a frusto-conical construction and has a smaller diameter at the outlet end.
Figure 5 shows part of an evaporative cooler pad 38 which is located underneath the radially outermost coil 8g and extends in an arc around the lower part of the coil. The evaporative cooling pad 38 captures any liquid water that drips from the coils 8e-8g during operation of the second air conditioner 1" and mixes the captured water with the air flowing through the heat exchange unit 4 to moisten or humidilS' the outlet stream. The evaporative cooler pad 38 operates in a similar way to an evaporative air cooler and maintains drip-free operation of the second air conditioner 1".
Once the coolant fluid in the insulated storage compartment 10 has been cooled by the refrigeration unit 12, the pump unit 20 can be operated to circulate the coolant fluid through the coils 8 of the heat exchange unit 4 while the fan unit 2 is operated to move air through the heat exchange unit. The air conditioner therefore receives an inlet stream of air from the fan unit 2 at ambient temperature and cools the inlet stream as it flows through the heat exchange unit 4 by transferring heat to the coolant fluid circulating through the coils 8 to provide an outlet stream of cooled air.
Figures 6A-6C show examples of the air flow past the coils of the heat exchange unit.
Figure 6A shows an example with two frusto-conical coils where the flow path between them narrows towards the outlet end of the heat exchange unit and where the outlet stream consists entirely of cooled air. Figure 6B shows an example with two cylindrical coils where the outlet stream consists of layers of cooled air and warm air, i.e., air that is still at substantially ambient temperature. Figure 6C shows an example with one cylindrical coil and one frusto-conical coil where the flow path between them narrows towards the outlet end of the heat exchange unit and where the outlet stream consists entirely of cooled air, In practice the outlet stream of Figure ÔA might have a lower temperature and a higher velocity compared to the outlet stream of Figure 6C.
Figure 7 shows another example of a heat exchange unit that includes three concentric coils 8h-8j. The radially innermost coil 8h has a frusto-conical construction and has a larger diameter at the outlet end. The coil 8i has a cylindrical construction. The radially oulerniost coil 8j has a liusto-conical construction and has a narrower diameter at the outlet end. Two flow paths 40a, 40b are defined between the concentric pairs of coils and each flow path narrows towards the outlet end of the heat exchange unit, In this example, the coils 8i-8j at the outlet end are positioned in a radially outer region where, for an axial-flow fan, the rate of air flow will be higher than the radially inner region such that the cooling effect is maximised.
Figures 8 and 9 show part of a third air conditioner I'' which is suitable for use with a centrifugal fan (or blower) and where like parts have been given the same reference sign.
The heat exchange unit 4 includes two concentric coils 8k, 81. The radially innermost coil 8k has a cylindrical construction. The radially outermost coil 81 has a frusto-conical construction and has a narrower diameter at the outlet end, A flow path 40c is defined between the coils 8k, 81. An inlet part 42 of the heat exchange unit 4 is connected to an outlet of the centrifugal fan (not shown).
A helical vane means 44 (shown separately in Figure 10) is located in the flow path 40c between the coils 8k, 81 and guides the air through the heat exchange unit 4 along a helical flow path to increase the heat transfer between the air and the coolant fluid circulating through the coils, The helical vane means 44 is typically used with centrifugal fans where the outlet stream of the fan contains practically no rotational component. Incorporating the helical vane means 44 therefore ensures that the outlet stream of cooled air from the air conditioner 1" is provided with both an axial component and a rotational component.

Claims (11)

  1. CLAIMS1. An air conditioner comprising: a fan; and a heat exchanger positioned adjacent the fan and adapted to cool an inlet stream of ambient air to provide an outlet stream of cooled air, the heat exchanger comprising at least one cooling tube having a helical construction with a plurality of turns and through which coolant fluid is circulated during use.
  2. 2. An air conditioner according to daim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is positioned upstream of the fan.
  3. 3. An air conditioner according to claim I, wherein the heat exchanger is positioned downstream of the fan.
  4. 4, An air conditioner according to any preceding claim, wherein each cooling tube includes an inlet and an outlet fluidly connectable to a source of coolant fluid.
  5. 5. An air conditioner according to any of claims I to 3, further comprising a coolant fluid reservoir fluidly connected to each cooling tube, means for cooling the coolant fluid, and means for circulating the coolant fluid through each cooling tube.
  6. 6. An air conditioner according to any preceding claim, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of cooling tubes, each cooling tube having a helical construction with a plurality of turns.
  7. 7. An air condilioner according to claim 6, wherein the pluralily of cooling tubes are substantially concentric.
  8. 8. An air conditioner according to any preceding claim, wherein the at least one cooling tube has a substantially cylindrical construction. -13-
    9, An air conditioner according to any of claims I to 7, wherein the at least one cooling tube has a substantially frusto-conical construction.O, An air conditioner according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein one of the plurality of cooling tubes has a substantially cylindrical construction and one of the plurality of the cooling tubes has a substantially frusto-conical construction.12. An air conditioner according to any preceding claim, wherein the heat exchanger further comprises helical vane means for guiding air through the heat exchanger.H. An air conditioner according to claim 7, wherein the heat exchanger further comprises helical vane means for guiding air through the heat exchanger, the helical vane means being located radially between a pair of concentric cooling tubes.14. An air conditioner according to any preceding means, further comprising means for capturing liquid water that forms on the heat exchanger during operation.5. An air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein the capturing means is an evaporative cooling means.6, An air conditioner substantially as described herein and with reference to the drawings.Amendments to the claims have been filed as followsCLAIMSI. An air conditioner for space cooling, the air conditioner comprising: an axial-flow fan; and a heat exchanger positioned adjacent the fan to cool an inlet stream of ambient air to provide an outlet stream of cooled air, the heat exchanger comprising a plurality of cooling tubes, each cooling tube having a helical construction with a plurality of turns and through which coolant fluid is circulated during use; wherein the cooling tubes are positioned in, or aligned with, a region that experiences the maximum rate of air flow through the heat exchanger during use; wherein the turns of each cooling tube are in direct contact with each other to define a substantially cylindrical or substantially frusto-conical cooling surface; and wherein the cooling surfaces are radially spaced apart to define at least one flow path therebetween for the air flowing through the heat exchanger.2. An air conditioner according to claim I, wherein the heat exchanger is positioned upstream of the fan.3. An air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is positioned downstream of the fan.4. An air conditioner according to any preceding claim, wherein each cooling tube includes an inlet and an outlet fluidly connectable to a source of coolant fluid.5. An air conditioner according to any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a coolant fluid reservoir fluidly connected to each cooling tube, means for cooling the 0.** * coolant fluid, and means for circulating the coolant fluid through each cooling tube.* : 6. An air conditioner according to any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of cooling tubes are substantially concentric.7. An air conditioner according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one cooling tube has a substantially cylindrical construction.8, An air conditioner according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one cooling tube has a substantially frusto-conical construction.
  9. 9. An air conditioner according to any preceding means, ffirther comprising means for capturing liquid water that forms on the heat exchanger during operation.
  10. 10. An air conditioner according to claim 9, wherein the capturing means is an evaporative cooling means.
  11. 11. An air conditioner substantially as described herein and with reference to the drawings. S *e * * S *S5*55.5 * .SS..... * ** * a 55.
GB1408426.3A 2014-05-13 2014-05-13 Air conditioners Expired - Fee Related GB2526094B (en)

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CN105705871A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-06-22 吴鹏 Ceiling suspended air conditioner rapid cooling system
CN106907808A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-06-30 西安工程大学 Mechanical refrigeration combined type domestic air conditioning is cooled down with reference to the evaporation of condensing hot air furnace
CN107327942A (en) * 2017-08-18 2017-11-07 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Air processor, indoor apparatus of air conditioner and air conditioner for indoor apparatus of air conditioner
WO2019071706A1 (en) * 2017-10-13 2019-04-18 山东佩森环保科技有限公司 High temperature-resistant axial flow fan applied to watercraft desulfurization system
CN110375389A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-10-25 三门星凯智能科技有限公司 A kind of air conditioning exhausting low cost humidification apparatus
WO2019197907A3 (en) * 2018-04-13 2019-11-14 Flowserve Management Company Fluid coolers, heat exchangers, seal assemblies and systems including fluid coolers or heat exchangers and related methods
WO2021142658A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2021-07-22 深圳市火蜂鸟电子商务有限公司 Spray fan
GB2614056A (en) * 2021-12-17 2023-06-28 Dyson Technology Ltd A fan assembly

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CN105705871B (en) * 2016-01-28 2018-12-18 新昌县以琳环保科技有限公司 A kind of ceiling type air conditioner rapid refrigerating system
CN105705871A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-06-22 吴鹏 Ceiling suspended air conditioner rapid cooling system
CN106907808A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-06-30 西安工程大学 Mechanical refrigeration combined type domestic air conditioning is cooled down with reference to the evaporation of condensing hot air furnace
CN107327942B (en) * 2017-08-18 2020-05-05 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Air treatment device for air conditioner indoor unit, air conditioner indoor unit and air conditioner
CN107327942A (en) * 2017-08-18 2017-11-07 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Air processor, indoor apparatus of air conditioner and air conditioner for indoor apparatus of air conditioner
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WO2019197907A3 (en) * 2018-04-13 2019-11-14 Flowserve Management Company Fluid coolers, heat exchangers, seal assemblies and systems including fluid coolers or heat exchangers and related methods
CN112166292A (en) * 2018-04-13 2021-01-01 芙罗服务管理公司 Fluid cooler, heat exchanger, seal assembly, and system including fluid cooler or heat exchanger and related methods
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CN110375389A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-10-25 三门星凯智能科技有限公司 A kind of air conditioning exhausting low cost humidification apparatus
WO2021142658A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2021-07-22 深圳市火蜂鸟电子商务有限公司 Spray fan
GB2614056A (en) * 2021-12-17 2023-06-28 Dyson Technology Ltd A fan assembly

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