GB2519674A - Pressurised Gearbox - Google Patents

Pressurised Gearbox Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2519674A
GB2519674A GB1418904.7A GB201418904A GB2519674A GB 2519674 A GB2519674 A GB 2519674A GB 201418904 A GB201418904 A GB 201418904A GB 2519674 A GB2519674 A GB 2519674A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
gearbox
chamber
sealing arrangement
labyrinth seal
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB1418904.7A
Other versions
GB201418904D0 (en
GB2519674B (en
Inventor
Paul Levell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Romax Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Romax Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Romax Technology Ltd filed Critical Romax Technology Ltd
Publication of GB201418904D0 publication Critical patent/GB201418904D0/en
Publication of GB2519674A publication Critical patent/GB2519674A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2519674B publication Critical patent/GB2519674B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/80—Labyrinth sealings
    • F16C33/805—Labyrinth sealings in addition to other sealings, e.g. dirt guards to protect sealings with sealing lips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/80—Labyrinth sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/029—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by means for sealing the gearboxes, e.g. to improve airtightness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings
    • F16J15/447—Labyrinth packings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings
    • F16J15/447—Labyrinth packings
    • F16J15/4472—Labyrinth packings with axial path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/57—Seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

A sealing arrangement 106 for a gearbox 100 having a shaft 102 supported on bearings 104 which serves to help prevent leakage of lubricant from the gearbox is provided. The lubricant serves to lubricate bearings 104. The sealing arrangement 106 has a chamber 110 and a labyrinth seal 212. Labyrinth seal 212 seals shaft 102 in the usual manner. The sealing arrangement 106 includes means for introducing air under positive pressure into the chamber 110. Labyrinth seal 212 is configured to allow some air to escape along path 120 into gearbox 100, thereby improving the effectiveness of the labyrinth and improving sealing. Labyrinth seal 212 may also be configured to allow some air to escape along path 122 into the immediate environment 124 of the gearbox 100.

Description

Pressurised Gearbox The present invention relates to sealing arrangements for gearboxes, and in particular to labyrinth seals between a rotatable member and a housing.
Contacting seals between a rotatable member and a housing have been used, but these have a limited service life before requiring replacement. Replacement can be difficult and expensive in certain applications, hence the use of labyrinth seals.
These provide a non-contact sealing action achieved by labyrinthine or tortuous passages for the passage of fluid between the seal and the shaft. Labyrinth seals are sometimes used with contacting V-ring seals which lift off at speed; this reduces wear but does not eliminate it. However, if the speed of the shaft is insufficient, the V-ring will not lift off, which means that this approach is not ideal for low speed shafts.
The present invention provides an improvement to labyrinth seals, in which air is pumped between labyrinth elements. Some of the air leaves the gearbox and which prevents dust ingress and improves oil cleanliness. Some air passes into the gearbox, which helps to resist the movement of oil along the labyrinth, thereby improving sealing. This arrangement is suitable for industrial gearboxes operating in challenging environmental conditions, for example in trains, earth-moving equipment, aero-engines, marine applications and offshore wind turbines, and helps to ensure that the gearbox and lubricant is maintained in an optimum condition.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sealing arrangement for a gearbox comprising a housing and a shaft.
The sealing arrangement includes a chamber adapted for receiving air under positive pressure and a labyrinth seal connected to the chamber and adapted to seal against the shaft. In one configurations, in use, the air received by the chamber escapes across the labyrinth seal and away from the gearbox thereby preventing dust ingress and improving oil cleanliness. In another configuration, in use, the air received by the chamber escapes across the labyrinth seal and into the gearbox, thereby resisting oil movement along the labyrinth and improving sealing.
The sealing arrangement can also include a chamber adapted for receiving air under positive pressure, a first labyrinth seal connected to the chamber and adapted to seal against the shaft, and a second labyrinth seal connected to the chamber and adapted to seal against the shaft. In use, the air received by the chamber escapes across the first labyrinth seal and away from the gearbox thereby preventing dust ingress and improving oil cleanliness, and the air received by the chamber escapes across the second labyrinth seal and into the gearbox, thereby resisting oil movement along the labyrinth and improving sealing. Preferably, an exit to the chamber lies between the first labyrinth seal and the second labyrinth seal.
Preferably, the sealing arrangement includes a V-ring seal located on the main shaft and adjacent to the labyrinth seal wherein the escape of air improves the operation of the V-ring seal.
Preferably the shaft is a main shaft of a wind turbine gearbox, and the arrangement comprises an end cover for the gearbox housing, the end cover including a static part of a labyrinth seal, the labyrinth seal including an upwind part and a downwind part. The end cover comprises a chamber connected to a source of air having a pressure greater than the wind turbine surroundings. The chamber communicates with the upwind part and the downwind part, so that, in use air escapes from the chamber via the upwind part and the downwind part; preventing leakage of oil out of the gearbox and ingress of particulate material into the gear box.
The invention further provides a gearbox comprising the sealing arrangement described above.
The invention further provides a wind turbine comprising the sealing arrangement described above.
The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with references to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a cross section of a sealing arrangement of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross section of a sealing arrangement of the present invention; Figure 3 shows an external view of an offshore wind turbine; and Figure 4 shows a V-ring seal.
Referring to Figure 1, which shows part of a gearbox 100 having a shaft 102 supported on bearings 104, a sealing arrangement 106 between a gearbox housing 108 and shaft 102 serves to prevent leakage of lubricant from the gearbox. The lubricant serves to lubricate bearings 104.
Sealing arrangement 106 has a chamber 110 and a labyrinth seal 212.
Labyrinth seal 212 contacts shaft 102 in the usual manner.
Sealing arrangement 106 also includes means for introducing air under positive pressure into chamber 110; this can be, for example, a conduit 110 as shown.
Chamber 110 is located between two labyrinth seals; labyrinth seal 212 is configured to allow some air to escape along path 120 into gearbox 100, thereby improving the effectiveness of the labyrinth and improving sealing. Labyrinth seal 212 is configured to allow some air to escape along path 122 into immediate environment 124 of gearbox 100, which, in the case of a wind turbine gearbox, is typically nacelle 308 of Figure 3. Air escaping along path 122 reduces particle ingress into the gearbox from immediate environment 124.
Referring to Figure 2, which shows part of a gearbox 100 having a shaft 102 supported on bearings 104, a sealing arrangement 106 between a gearbox housing 108 and shaft 102 serves to prevent leakage of lubricant from the gearbox. The lubricant serves to lubricate bearings 104.
Sealing arrangement 106 has a chamber 110, a first labyrinth seal 112, and a second labyrinth seal 114. Labyrinth seals 112,114 contact shaft 102 in the usual manner.
Sealing arrangement 106 includes means for introducing air under positive pressure into chamber 110; this can be, for example, a conduit 110 as shown. The air under pressure is provided by a compressor or source or compressed gas. First labyrinth seal 214 is configured to allow some air to escape along path 120 into gearbox 100, thereby improving the effectiveness of the labyrinth and improving sealing. Second labyrinth seal 216 is configured to allow some air to escape along path 122 into immediate environment 124 of gearbox 100, which in the case of a wind turbine gearbox is typically the nacelle. Air escaping along path 122 reduces particle ingress into the gearbox from immediate environment 124.
Sealing arrangement 106 can include V-ring seal 218 as the air pressure escaping along path 122 would help lift the V ring seal off earlier and reduce the wear. This is because particles will tend to be pushed away from the V-ring. The V-ring life will be extended and help maintain the sealing of the gearbox when not in operation (i.e an air pressure differential is maintained).
Sealing arrangement 106 can use a V ring seal as the air pressure would help lift the V ring seal off earlier and reduce the wear.
Referring to Figure 4, V-ring seal 402 is normally stretched and mounted directly on shaft 102, where it is held in position by the inherent tension of the rubber body. It rotates with the shaft and seals axially against a stationary counterface 406, perpendicular to the shaft. Counterface 406 can be the side wall of a bearing or a washer, stamping, bearing housing, etc. Sealing lip 404 is flexible and applies only a relatively light contact pressure against counterface 406, but is sufficient to maintain the sealing function.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of an example of a wind turbine. Although an offshore wind turbine is shown, it should be noted that the description below may be applicable to other types of wind turbines. The wind turbine 302 includes rotor blades 404 mounted to a hub 306, which is supported by a nacelle 308 on a tower 310.
Wind causes the rotor blades 304 and hub 306 to rotate about a main axis. This rotational energy is delivered to a powertrain having the lubrication arrangement described above and housed within the nacelle 308.
Embodiments in disclosed above and the drawings are suitable for use with wind turbines, and when used as such direction 122 is a generally upwind direction and direction 120 is a generally downwind direction.

Claims (9)

  1. Claims 1. A sealing arrangement for a gearbox comprising a housing and a shaft, the sealing arrangement comprising: a chamber adapted for receiving air under positive pressure; a labyrinth seal connected to the chamber and adapted to seal against the shaft; wherein in use, the air received by the chamber escapes across the labyrinth seal and away from the gearbox thereby preventing dust ingress and improving oil cleanliness.
  2. 2. A sealing arrangement for a gearbox comprising a housing and a shaft, the sealing arrangement comprising: a chamber adapted for receiving air under positive pressure; a labyrinth seal connected to the chamber and adapted to seal against the shaft; wherein in use, the air received by the chamber escapes across the labyrinth seal and into the gearbox, thereby resisting oil movement along the labyrinth and improving sealing.
  3. 3. A sealing arrangement for a gearbox comprising a housing and a shaft, the sealing arrangement comprising: a chamber adapted for receiving air under positive pressure; a first labyrinth seal connected to the chamber and adapted to seal against the shaft; a second labyrinth seal connected to the chamber and adapted to seal against the shaft; wherein in use, the air received by the chamber escapes across the first labyrinth seal and away from the gearbox thereby preventing dust ingress and improving oil cleanliness, and the air received by the chamber escapes across the second labyrinth seal and into the gearbox, thereby resisting oil movement along the labyrinth and improving sealing.
  4. 4. A sealing arrangement according to claim 3, in which an exit to the chamber lies between the first labyrinth seal and the second labyrinth seal.
  5. 5. A sealing arrangement according to any of claims 1, 3 and 4, in which the sealing arrangement comprises a V-ring seal located on the main shaft and adjacent to the labyrinth seal wherein the escape of air improves the operation of the V-ring seal.
  6. 6. A sealing arrangement for a gearbox substantially as described herein with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 4 of the drawings.
  7. 7. A sealing arrangement for any of claims 1 to 6, in which the shaft is a main shaft of a wind turbine gearbox, the arrangement comprising an end cover for the gearbox housing, the end cover including a static part of a labyrinth seal, the labyrinth seal including an upwind part and a downwind part; in which the end cover comprises a chamber connected to a source of air having a pressure greater than the wind turbine surroundings; in which the chamber communicates with the upwind part and the downwind part; wherein in use, air escapes from the chamber via the upwind part and the downwind part; preventing leakage of oil out of the gearbox and ingress of particulate material into the gear box.
  8. 8. A gearbox comprising the sealing arrangement of any preceding claim.
  9. 9. A wind turbine comprising the sealing arrangement of any of claims 1 to 7.
GB1418904.7A 2013-10-23 2014-10-23 Pressurised Gearbox Expired - Fee Related GB2519674B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1318765.3A GB201318765D0 (en) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Pressurised gearbox

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201418904D0 GB201418904D0 (en) 2014-12-10
GB2519674A true GB2519674A (en) 2015-04-29
GB2519674B GB2519674B (en) 2016-01-06

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GBGB1318765.3A Ceased GB201318765D0 (en) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Pressurised gearbox
GB1418904.7A Expired - Fee Related GB2519674B (en) 2013-10-23 2014-10-23 Pressurised Gearbox

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GBGB1318765.3A Ceased GB201318765D0 (en) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Pressurised gearbox

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017103911A1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Romax Technology Limited Seal
JP2020060249A (en) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 Shaft sealing device and shaft sealing system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040100033A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Wei Tong Sealing apparatus for electrical generator ventilation system
US20090140495A1 (en) * 2005-04-02 2009-06-04 Oberlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Shaft Seal
CN202125617U (en) * 2011-06-29 2012-01-25 杭州开兰重工机械有限公司 Improved sealing structure of output end of high-speed output shaft of wind power gear box
JP2013044275A (en) * 2011-08-24 2013-03-04 Ihi Corp Compressor sealing device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040100033A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Wei Tong Sealing apparatus for electrical generator ventilation system
US20090140495A1 (en) * 2005-04-02 2009-06-04 Oberlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Shaft Seal
CN202125617U (en) * 2011-06-29 2012-01-25 杭州开兰重工机械有限公司 Improved sealing structure of output end of high-speed output shaft of wind power gear box
JP2013044275A (en) * 2011-08-24 2013-03-04 Ihi Corp Compressor sealing device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017103911A1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Romax Technology Limited Seal
JP2020060249A (en) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 Shaft sealing device and shaft sealing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201418904D0 (en) 2014-12-10
GB2519674B (en) 2016-01-06
GB201318765D0 (en) 2013-12-04

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Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20201023