GB2504325A - A system and method for monitoring students attendance - Google Patents
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Abstract
A system and method for monitoring, and improving students' attendance. The system comprises a student ID card, a card reader authentication device, a second authentication device using student voice tag or fingerprint, a control monitoring unit having a database system and processing unit, means for translating attendance time into a colour coded attendance sheet and grade and means for sending SMS, email, smart phone, data, periodic reports to students, parents and instructors.
Description
System and Method for Monitoring, and Encouraging Students' Attendance
Field of the Invention:
The invention is related to a system and method for monitoring, and improving students' attendance. In particular, the invention records; monitors; encourages; and evaluates students' attendance in schools especially in universities.
Background of the Invention:
Introduction:
In most Kuwaiti universities, (and in many others Middle East universities [and the world at largej) instructors routinely fail to place sufficient emphasis on class attendance, giving students the impression that regular class attendance is discretionary. Typically, on the first day of class, it is common for instructors (novice and experienced in both public and private higher education settings) to emphasize academic course requirements only.
Prior Art:
Many research studies have shown that student class attendance is an integral element in improving academic achievement and is most likely correlated with student learning (Gump, 2004; Marburger, 2001, 2006). Most studies have reported an inverse relationship between absenteeism and course performance (Durden & Ellis, 1995; Schmidt, 1983) and Marburger (2001) found that an accurate measurement of the impact of class attendance and student learning to be institution and instructor-specific. To make university-level class attendance attractive for university students and improve student class attendance requires instructor effort, planning and time (Geitner and Clark, 2006; Snyder, 1998).
Chandler (2008); Emmer, Evertson and Worsham, (2006) identified a linear association between an increase in student class participation and learning and a correlative increase in student capacity for continuous learning and in class attendance, all of which enhance academic class performance.
The US patent application US2008012230A1 describes a system that rewards students on a regular basis with collectible cards or other collectible items for satisfactory school attendance. In addition to the characteristics that make the items collectible, they can bear additional information for entertaining and educating students, such as motivational messages and puzzle clues.
Most research studies have not examined the use of classroom management techniques based on attendance system classroom management techniques that are.
Summary of the invention:
My experimental research study was conducted in one of the higher education institutions in Kuwait and involved the design of effective classroom management techniques. This institution's attendance policy allowed students to miss no more than eight classes per course semester. Beyond eight absences, the student wa.s given a. failing grade. Two classroom mana.gement techniques were implemented: CAMTs and CARs within an attendance system designed for use in higher education institution classes. Specifically, CAMTs involved specific management techniques implemented in course requirements that include several other rules for managing classrooms, students' attendance requirements in classrooms, and credits based on attendance. CARs involved the implementation of specific rules in the classroom that strictly follow the course requirements in higher education institution classes.
Therefore, one aspect of the invention is related to a system for recording, monitoring, encouraging, and evaluating students' attendance in schools especially in universities classrooms for high education.
Another aspect of the invention concerns the method for implementing the technique of recording, monitoring, and improving students' attendance in universities class rooms applying the strategy of CAMTs and CARs
Brief Description of the Drawings:
Figure 1 represents the system for recording, monitoring, encouraging, and evaluating students' attendance Figure 2: Relationship between Students' Overall Grades and On-time Attendance, Delayed Attendance, and Absenteeism, Experimental Group th Fall Semester.
Figure 3: Relationship between Students' Overall Grades and On-time, Delayed, and Missed Classes, Experimental Group in Spring Semester.
Fig.4 a ten-day colored-coded attendance sheet record according to an attendance system developed to track student attendance in university classes.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention is related to a system (1) and method for recording, monitoring, encouraging, and evaluating students' attendance in schools especially in universities classrooms for higher education.
The first aspect of the invention relates to a system for authentication, monitoring and evaluating student attendance. According to figure 1, the student swipes his ID card (2), which ha.s all of the detailed information about the student, on the card reader authentication device (3). For more authentications, there is another step for authentication (4) using voice tag or fingerprint of the student, As a result, there is no probability for cheating from the student.
The authentication devices send the signal to the control monitoring unit (5) which contains the attendance time of each student with his ID information.
The control monitoring unit (5) ha.s a. database system (6) and processing unit (7), The database system (6) contains all student data, student contact, parent contact for each student, email and WhatsApp address of each student, and attendance and evaluation sheet.
The processing unit (7) receives the signal from the authentication devices (2) and (3) the signal transmits attendance time, stores the attendance time, scores attendance time in a colored-coded attendance sheet as shown in Fig. 4, scores the grade according to attendance time in the evaluation table or sheet CARs Table, automatically sends an SMS to each student and his parents for documernation.
This gives all attendance knowledge to the students' parents, sends all data to the teacher monitoring device, sends email and WhatsApp notifications to the student and his parent contacts, sends the attendance sheet with the exact attendance time to each student and sends the evaluation sheet to the student and his parent.
The processing unit comprises: means for translating the attendance time, in the signal sent from authentication device to processing unit, into code in the colored-coded attendance sheet, means for translating the code in the colored-coded attendance sheet into a grade in the Classroom Attendance Rules (CARs) sheet, means for sending SMS signal to each student and his parent, means for sending a.n email to each student and his parent, means for sending and programming the system to deal with any smart phone and send WhatsApp to each student and his parent, means for sending all data to instructor monitonng device, means for selecting data of special student and sending daily, weekly, and by semester report, means for selecting data for all student and sending all data in one sheet for all students.
The colored-coded attendance sheet is sent to each student daily, weekly, and by term. Also, each student receives his own individual sheet and another sheet listing all students to encourage the student and allow him to compare his evaluation with all other students.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for monitoring, evaluating, and encouraging student attendance.
The method investigated herein identified applied two pinciple methods: I) Classroom Attendance Management Techniques (CAMTs), and 2) Classroom Attendance Rules (CARs) which included classroom attendance requirements and attendance credit calculations. The purpose of these techniques and rules was two-fold. First, to improve students' class attendance and second, to help students focus on relevant management and attendance techniques and to mold the class, as a whole, into a functioning learning coniinunity.
The method comprises an authentication method, sends attendance time from authentication devices to control monitoring unit, sends SMS to student about his attendance time, converts the attendance time into a colored-coded attenda.nce sheet (shown in Fig. 4), translates the attendance time into a CARs table, sends (daily, weekly, and per semester) colored-coded attendance sheets to each student and his parent, and sends CARs tables to each student and his parent.
The main purpose of the method is designed to encourage students to attend classes. When the student knows that the college or the school tracks his activities, when the student sees his report and evaluation sheet, when the student receives and shows the colored-coded attendance sheet with the green color marking his positive behavior changes, when the student receives the colored-coded attendance sheet of listing all students with whom he can compare himself, he is encouraged to attend classes and his behavior is changed.
The method was designed to determine whether using instructor management techniques could improve student class attendance and correlatively, student grades. Several examples of the classroom attendance management techniques from the Pilot, Fall and Summer Semester studies involved using instructor content themes for content organization in conjunction with student experiences and included discussing relative content; creating questions regarding the instructor's lesson plan and encouraging students to respond to them; earning extra. points for class attendance; planning and conducting additional meetings with students outside the classroom, asking students to take notes on the techniques and rules and was followed by a instructor-student class discussions of their impact on improving attendance and achievement.
Classroom Attendance Management Techniques and Classroom Attendance Rules were utilized to identify definitive ways to improve student class attendance; help students focus on course content; shape the class (as a group) into a functioning learning unit, and, according to more current thinking, a learning community.
During the first class meeting of each semester, students in the ExperimentEd Groups were given specific classroom management techniques information, followed by student-instructor discussions to encourage student participation.
Participants The participants (n = 51, 34 percent) were second-year undergraduate students majoring in Education. Eligibility criteria for the sample selection were based on completion of prerequisite courses. Students were enrolled in Levels 1 and II of a four-tiered unit of Education courses in the Education program at a Middle East university. Education courses at Level I related to explorations of education a.s a profession; Level II related to analyses of the nature and process of education.
After analyzing the findings and adjusting the techniques and rules obtained from the Pilot study, the Fall Semester Study was conducted with 21 students in both the Experimental and the Control Groups. When two students in the Control Group failed to enroll, two students in the Experimental Group were selected at random and their performance ignored. The Spring Semester Study Group was comprised of 16 students in both the Experimental and Control groups. The Fall and Spring study groups were limited to female students, largely because 93 percent of the students enrolled in the University's education program are female.
The research began with a Summer Semester Pilot Study consisting of fourteen female and seven male students in both the Experimental and Control groups. The Pilot Study was used to adjust and refine the attendance mana.gement techniques that were utilized in the Fall and Spring Semester Groups. Management techniques were identified by conducting a two-step process of verification and reliability.
Step One: To confirm that the techniques and rules were appropriate and reflected good practice in the field, a. survey in the form of a questionnaire relative to the techniques and rules was distributed to ten university education instructors with teaching experience at the college level ranging from 5 to 15 years. The survey asked faculty members to rate the appropriateness and expected effectiveness of 9 CAMTs and CARs. Rating options ranged from "Strongly Agree" to "Strongly Disagree". Example questions: "Attending class is worth 20 percent of the total class wade" and "Late corners will be receiving an extra assignment" Faculty members included unsolicited comments on the questionnaire, some of which the researchers found helpful when fine-tuning the Fall and Spring Semester Studies.
Based upon the data and comments obtained from questionnaire, the researchers chose to make class attendance 10 per cent of the total class grade and assign the extra assignment for tardiness.
An analysis of the faculty survey indicated a high degree of agreement among faculty members (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.92) and consistency in the internal constructs of the techniques and rules (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and National Council on Measurement in Education, 1999); Step Two: Minor adjustments were made to the techniques and rules relative to data obtained from the questionnaire, including faculty members' comments.
Technical Development of Attendance Strategy The attendance strategy used involved the tracking of student attendance using a tricolor tracking code: 1) Green for on-time student attendance, 2) Blue for late attendance, and 3) Red for absences shown in fig. 4. These colors were chosen because of their psychological and behavioral modification effects on the participants. Red tends to act as a warning that a behavior is unacceptable while blue and green colors tend to engender feelings of acceptance.
Color-coded attendance sheet as fig. 4 was recorded, documented on an Excel attendance sprea.dsheet and statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Socia.1 Sciences (SPSS). Regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between the techniques and rules and the performance in terms of attendance (dependent variable) and final grades (independent variable).
Attendance Credit Grade Criteria In the university where the research was conducted, 10 percent of the final semester gra.de is built into the Attendance Requirement portion in the course.
Students exceeding eight absences are given an automatic failing grade for the semester. The following University Attendance Policy of this university wa.s applied and enforced in all three studies. If a student misses: a) 3 hours 1st warning ad b) 6 hours 2 warning c) 9 hours Automatic failure of the course During the first day of class, the Attendance Strategy was presented to the students in both verbal and written forms (Table 1). Each time a student attended class on time, he/she received.3125 of a maximum available semester credit of 10, Thus, if a student attended all 32 Semester classes on time with each class counting a.s 3 125 of his/her Attendance Requirement, and if the student's attendance end-of-semester grade was 10, he/she attended all 32 classes, the equation would be: 3125 (Credits per Class Attended) x 32 (Number of Semester Classes) = 10 Earned Credits (Maximum Available Credits).
Based on compliance with classroom Attendance Requirements, students who attended class more consistently would receive a. higher Attendance Grade which would be reflected in their final end-of-semester grade.
The Attendance and Tardiness color-code component was used as a visual positive reinforcement strategy for motivating students to attended all classes on time (Table 1). As a corrective motivational strategy, extra assignments were given to students who arrived late to class.
Table 1: CARs Components Components Points Credits Assignment Color On-time I I No Green Late 1 0 Yes Blue Missed 0 0 No Red Data Collection and Analysis and Study Results Summer Semester Pilot Study In the Pilot Study, the use of the techniques (attendance strategies) and rules (data-recording techniques and student feedback) showed several promising results.
First, students increased their final grade scores by a substantial and impressive 20 percent. Regression analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between attendance credits accumulated through the attendance strategy techniques and rules and final grades in the course. No changes in attendance or final grades were observed for students in the Control Groups.
Pilot Study results indicated that on average, final grades improved when the techniques and rules were applied a.s a.n attendance strategy in the Experimental Group (M = 90.61) compared with the Control Group which ha.d a lower mean (M = 75.31). The difference between the two mean values (15.3) indicated a.
significant 20 percent increase in the final grade scores for those who consistently attended class on time. Conversely, the final grades for the students in the Control Group to whom the techniques and rules were not applied showed no improvement.
Table 2. Descriptive Statistics Results for Pilot Study Mean Number of Standard Groups Mean Students Deviation Difference Control Group 14 75.31 8.62 ____________________ ______________ _________ _____________ 15.3 Experimental Group 14 90.61 5.83 Fall Semester Study Utilizing the revised Pilot Study methods, the Fall Study re-tested the attendance strategy techniques and rules applied to a larger sample. Experimental Group Data analysis revealed four significant results: I) A higher mean (81.7) than did the Control Group (79.4), 2) the effect of applying the attendance strategy techniques and rules in the experimental research study were significant (p < 0.05) (Moore, 1995) 3) reflecting an 84 percent improvement in students' overall grades in the Experimental Group compared with the Control Group. Percentage improvement in student attendance wa.s 8.4 percent for each individual student in the experimental group) and 4) a positive and significant correlation (0.864) between the on-time attendance variable and overall grades in the experimental group as revealed by a. Pearson Correlation test (Bobko, 2001), a.s shown in Figure 2.
Spring Semester Study The Spring Semester Experimental Study Group showed a higher mean (88.8) than did the Control Group (84.2) and yielded similar improvements in student attendance and final grades. Reslilts indicated that 1) the Experimental Group had a larger mean (88.8) than the Control Group (84.2); 2) The difference was significant (p c 0.05); 3) student attendance increased approximately 4.6 percent per student in the Experimental Group and 4) a. positive significant correlation (0.441) wa.s noted between the on-time attendance variable and overall grades for the Experimental Group. The overall effect of applying the attendance strategy techniques and rules in the Experimental Group is shown in Figure 3.
When applied in tandem, Classroom Attendance Management Techniques and Classroom Attendance Rules improved student class attendance and on time attendance in all three Experimental Groups.
Claims (1)
- Claims: 1-System for monitoring, and encouraging students' attendance. The said system comprises: * Student ID card, which has all detailed information about the student; * Card reader authentication device; * Second authentication device using voice tag or fingerprint of the student. So, there is no probability of cheating by the student; * Control monitoring unit which ha.s database system and processing unit; * Colored-coded attendance sheet in processing unit; * Means for translating the attendance time, in the signal sent from authentication device to processing unit, into code in the colored-coded attendance sheet.* Means for translating the code in the colored-coded attendance sheet iito a grade in the Classroom Attendance Rules (CARs) sheet; * Means for sending SMS signal to each student and his parent; * Means for sending an email to each student and his parent; * Means for sending and programming the system to deal with any smart phone and send WhatsApp to each student and his parent; * Means for sending all data to instructor monitoring device; * Means for selecting data of special student and sending daily, weekly, and by semester report; * Means for selecting data. for all student and sending all data in one sheet for all students.2-According to claim 1, said database system contains student profile data, student contact, parent contact of each student, email and WhatsApp of each student, and attendance and evaluation sheet.3-According to claim 1, processing unit receives signal from authentication devices (2) and (3) containing attendance time, stores the attendance time, scores attendance time in colored-coded attendance sheet, scores the grade according to attendance time in evaluation table or sheet CARs Table, automatically sends SMS to each student and his parent for hacking and gives all knowledge about attendance to students' parents, sends all data to the teacher monitoring device, sends email and WhatsApp to student and his parent contacts, sends attendance sheet with the exact attendance time to each student and sends the evaluation sheet to the student arid his parent.4-According to claim I, the colored coded attendance sheet has a tricolor tracking code: Green for on-time student attendance, Blue for late attendance, and Red for absences.5-According to claim 1 and 4, these colors were chosen because of their psychological and behavioral modification effects on the participants. Red tends to act a.s a warning that a. behavior is unacceptable while blue and green colors tend to engender feelings of acceptance.6-According to all above claims, the colored-coded attendance sheet is sent to each student daily, weekly, and by semester. Also, each student receives his own sheet alone and another sheet listing all students to encourage the student to compare his attendance and evaluate it compared to all students.7-Method for monitoring, evaluating, encouraging student attendance comprises: Two principle methods: 1) Classroom Attendance Management Techniques (CAMTs), and 2) Classroom Attendance Rules (CARs) which included classroom attendance requirements and attendance credit calculations. The purpose of these techniques and rules was two-fold.First, to improve students' class attendance and Second, to help students focus on relevant management and attendance techniques and mold the class, as a whole, into a. functioning learning community.* Two steps of user authentication; * Send signal has attendance time and student information from authentication devices to control monitoring unit; * Send tracking SMS to student about his attendance time; * Convert the attendance time into colored-coded attendance sheet; * Translate the attendance time into CARs table; * Send (daily, weakly, and per semester) colored-coded attendance sheet to each student and his parent, and send CARs table to each student and his parent; * Monitoring and encouraging students to attend classrooms through the knowledge that the college or the school is tracking his class attendance, when the student sees his report and evaluation sheet, when the student receives and is shown the colored-coded attendance sheet with green color illustrating his changed attendance behavior, when the student receives the colored-coded attendance sheet of all students to whom he can compare himself; he is encouraged to attend classes and his behavior is changed.* Improve student class attendance; help students focus on course content; shape the class (as a group) into a functioning learning unit, and, according to more current thiftking, a learning community by applying Classroom Attendance Management Techniques and Classroom Attendance Rules.8-According to claim 7, encoura.ge student by creating a colored-coded attendance sheet. The colors were chosen because of their psychological and behavioral modification effects on the participants. Red tends to act as a warning that a behavior is unacceptable while blue and green colors tend to engender feelings of acceptance.9-According to claim 7, the colored-coded attendance sheet is sent to each student daily, weekly, and by semester. Also, each student receives his own individual sheet and another sheet of all students to encourage the student to compare his attendance evaluation with all students.
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| CN107705381A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-02-16 | 宁波纷享软件科技有限公司 | Student attendance monitoring device and control method |
| CN107730648A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-23 | 深圳市晓控通信科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent fingerprint attendance recorder with finger auxiliary positioning function |
| CN107784700A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-09 | 南京理工大学 | Based on fingerprint recognition from register system and the method for returning to school |
| CN108597048A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-09-28 | 温州市鹿城区中津先进科技研究院 | A kind of real-time acquisition system of student classroom of the technology based on big data |
| CN110060365A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-26 | 安徽致远慧联电子科技有限公司 | A kind of student's Trajectory Safety analysis and management system based on all-purpose card technology |
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| GB201213287D0 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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