GB2481215A - Method and apparatus for sealing an oil pipe by heating and pressing the pipe - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for sealing an oil pipe by heating and pressing the pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2481215A GB2481215A GB1009987.7A GB201009987A GB2481215A GB 2481215 A GB2481215 A GB 2481215A GB 201009987 A GB201009987 A GB 201009987A GB 2481215 A GB2481215 A GB 2481215A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- force
- marine
- grabs
- jaws
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003305 oil spill Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/08—Cutting or deforming pipes to control fluid flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/26—Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/10—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/18—Appliances for use in repairing pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and apparatus to modify the yield strength of a ferrous oil pipe by heating 7, so that a desired portion can be pressed flat in order to close the source of oil spillage. Conventional crushing jaws or grabs 6, are used to press the pipe flat. The jaws or grabs are operated by the gravitational force of a metal block 4. The force created by the block is increased by a class 1 lever system. The block may have a relative density value of at least from 10 up to 20 and be made from depleted uranium. In later embodiments, a marine oleodynamic high pressure generating system may be used.
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS TO REMEDIATE MARINE OIL SPILL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method and apparatus to remediate an emergency oil spill by interrupting accidental oil leakage during marine extraction. According to an embodiment of the present invention, configured as such as capable of stopping the leakage by pressing flat a portion of the pipeline either before or after the marine riser, emerging from the ocean floor, or the portion of pipe head resulting from the rupture of the transporting oil pipeline connecting the riser to the offshore vessel and, 1 0 more specifically, to an apparatus installed on a suitable support adapting to the marine floor to suitably overcome the yield strength of the metal to press flat and closing the desired portion of the pipe.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1 5 The catastrophic effects on the environment of marine oil spills are well known. As often reported by the media and as known to the skilled person, uncontrolled gas pressure, sudden explosion or lire or even a strong meteorological event may accidentally cause ruptures in different pipeline portions, resulting in large oil spills which can then represent an ecological concern and financial disaster.
A principal problem is to prevent and/or stop accidental oil leakages, in view of the objective difficulties of operating in the deep ocean with robots, devices or with other conventional methods typically used on land, since generally they are not applicable in the marine environment. In fact, explosions which are often used to close a leaking oil well when on fire on land, cannot be use in the same manner when accidental leakage occurs in deep water. Another problem is that there are no practical and efficient means or methods of recovery of oil from the submarine environment. In fact, most of the means known to the prior art have limited capabilities to effectuate the complete recovery or clean-up of oil-spills, particularly when occurring at sea.
Moreover, one of the most critical portions of the pipeline system for oceanic oil extraction is the marine riser which is specially designed to compensate for any movement of the drilling rig caused by waves. Accidents which occur in the portions of the system before or after the riser are very difficult to manage, in view of the ocean operating conditions.
In the related art, method and systems for preventing or controlling the spillage of oil on land are well known. Also apparatus for closing a pipe portion is presently in use in conventional working conditions on land but each of these methods and designs has its limitations.
The prior art does not disclose any methods or systems that are suitable to be applied when the oil spill is affecting the above referenced critical portions of the pipeline laying on the deep marine floor, placed either before or after the mentioned marine riser.
However, the following references were considered related to the oil spillage, despite not directly relevant to the present invention and require no further discussion: Pat. No. Inventor Filing date US 5,300,219 Braid Thomas C. May 4, 1994 US 5,479,869 Coudon Thomas W.L. et al. Aug. 12, 1994 US 6,143,172 Rink Glenn R. etal. May 24, 1996 U5 6,152,059 Americo Del Raso Jun. 10, 1999 KR1007 10545 Ahn Won Tae et al. Dec. 29, 2001 U52007227977A1 Bandar A. Fadhel et al. Mar. 30, 2006 What is different about the present invention from the above is a novel approach feasible with the method and the apparatus whereby to reach, and to modify under special conditions which are also part of the invention, the yield strength of the pipe metal either at the lower or at the upper portion of the marine riser, in order to press flat the opposed semi-cylindrical portions of the pipe wall so to close it and stop the oil spill. In fact none of the aforementioned prior art discloses any systems or and apparatus as in the present invention.
Consequently, a need has been felt for providing a method and apparatus which can be deployed as emergency means to minimize or even to stop completely such a disastrous event of oil spill whenever it occurs along the pipeline during the oceanic oil extraction or transport operations.
The present invention fulfils this need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above objects and additional advantages are achieved by the present invention in which the method and the apparatus are suitably and advantageously designed to modify the yield strength of preheated pipe ferrous material so that a desired portion can be pressed flat in order to close the source of oil spillage, by using conventional crushing jaws or grabs, mounted on a suitable support, being distinctive of the instant invention that the extraordinary force and pressure to be transmitted to the pair of jaws or grabs members performing the crushing or plastic deformation of the metal until the pipe is pressed flat, is obtained by gravity acting on a metal block having a relative density value at least from 10 up to 20, and the force transmission system also increases the applied force by a class I lever arrangement.
In one aspect the invention provides emergency apparatus for pressing flat the lumen of a portion of oil pipe from ferrous material responsible of oil spillage in marine deep characterized by a method where the portion is preheated to reduce the yield 1 5 strength before biting it by means of jaws or grabs operated by a gravitational acceleration force generated by a metal block with a distinctive density value, being the force advantageously potentiated by a class I lever transmission system.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention the metal block used to generate the desired force to operate the pair of jaws or grabs to apply the necessary force to bite or crush the metal pipe is basically constituted by solid depleted uranium (DU, primarily composed from different isotopes) for civilian use, presenting the very high density of about 19.1 g/cm2.
In fact, the metal block is gravitationally accelerated by sliding from the sea surface along a stainless steel rope or steel chain linked with a storage barge or with an offshore platform and presses the lever arm which is equipped to transmit the necessary force to the jaws or grabs either vertically or horizontally by means of an oleodynamic or hydraulic system such an high performance suitable system which can support over 1000 bar pressure. Alternatively, although economically more expensive, a conventional source of such a similar oleodynamic or hydraulic force may be used to operate an hydraulic cylinder, such a marine hydraulic high pressure generating system.
The mode of use of the jaws or grabs of the portion of the apparatus having the above-mentioned function is as follows.
First the conventional hydraulic cylinder operated jaws or grab, such as that currently available on the market for crushing concrete blocks, are opened permitting them to receive at their biting section the pipe portion to be crushed. Operation may be repeated, if necessary, until the opposed semi-cylindrical pipe wall portions are completely pressed flat to close the pipe bore or lumen so that the oil spill stops.
In another preferred embodiment characterizing the invention an intensive preheating operation at a temperature comprised from 150° C to about 800° C is used to reduce 1 0 the yield strength of the ferrous material of the pipe portion to be pressed flat, in order to remarkably reduce the maximum allowable stress value, thus to increase the performance of the pressure to be applied, but also to avoid ruptures when jaws or grabs are biting the pipe.
In fact, the heating at the above temperature interval the ferrous materials of the pipe 1 5 remarkably reduce the yield strength and makes more easy to press flat the pipe bore or lumen, as indicated also in the publication ASME, section II Part D, 2007.
In another embodiment the force generated by the metal block acceleration by gravity is magnified by means of an interposed class I lever system which simultaneously exerts the function to transmit the necessary force to the biting jaws or grabs. In fact the force applied (at the end points of the lever) is proportional to the ratio of the length of the lever arm measured between the fulcrum (pivoting point) and application point of the force applied at each end of the lever (mathematically expressed by M = F. d) so that the original generated acceleration force can be multiplied by the resulting lever arms ratio.
Therefore, the apparatus to operate the method of the invention is consisting of the following sub-units which are schematically drawn in Figure 1, as also described hereby: a) fixed or mobile support (1) suitably adapted to the marine floor, whereon the other sub-units are installed; b)transmission lever system class I (2) installed on the support, where the longer arm has a receiving station which is connected to the storage barge or to the offshore platform by means of a suitable steel rope or steel chain (3) used as a sliding guide for a metal block (4); alternatively a marine hydraulic or oleo dynamic high pressure generating system to reach the same force achieved with the lever and the metal block system, may also be adopted, as one of those currently available for marine operations; c) metal block with specific high density delivering the gravitational acceleration force to the receiving station of the transmission lever; alternatively force can be delivered to an hydraulic piston or system; d)force transmission system (5) either mechanical or hydraulic as one of those culTently available for marine operations to deliver the force to the jaws or to the grabs; e)hydraulic piston-operating jaws or grabs as those currently available (6) for biting and to press flat the lumen of the ferrous pipe; f) marine preheating system (7), as one of those currently available on the market, to significantly reduce the yield strength of the ferrous pipe to be 1 5 pressed flat and to minimize the metal rupture risk.
One of ordinary skill in the art in the field of the present invention may easily assembly the above components in such a manner as to operate the method and to yield the apparatus of the invention which is based in the physico-mechanical principles which are described herein below.
In fact, the apparatus of the invention is characterized by several advantages which have been already detailed.
In another embodiment the apparatus can operate in marine deep up to 3000 meters and over, while offers also the advantage not to be influenced by the deep sea great pressure.
For a better understanding, the used units of measurements and equivalences are shown hereby: Units of measurements and equivalences Kg
M Sec
N (Newton) = Kg. (mlsec2) g (acceleration of gravity) = mlsec2 1 Kg 10 N (approximate finding) 1 t 1OKN MPa = N/mm2 The theoretical calculations of the total force required to overcome the yield strength and press flat the ferrous pipe to stop oil spill has been approximately calculated according to Mariotte s formula inverted, which is represented as follows: S=( ).(L).(e) wherein: S = total force to apply to equal metal yield strength ( ) = metal characteristic yield tension (L) = length of the pipe portion to be pressed flat 1 0 (e) = thickness of the pipe The total force to be applied to the top of hemi-cylinder section of the pipe is as follows: P=2S calculated according to the theory of De Saedeleer for a uniform load made by earth 1 5 on the top of a pipe, the force per unit of length to be applied along the diameter (D) is as follows: p=P/D while the total pressure to be applied uniformly on each hemi-cylinder of the pipe by each jaw or grabs for a certain length (L) is: q=p/L The invention has been described in detail sufficient to allow one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the subject matter of the following examples. It is apparent that certain modifications of the method and apparatus of the following examples can be made within the scope and spirit of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Pressure to be applied to a steel pipe to overcome the yield strength and achieve the necessary plastic deformation to press the pipe flat and close the pipe bor e or lumen to stop the oil spill The total pressure (q) to be uniformly applied on 300 mm length of a steel pipe (SA- 790) with an yield tension of 450 MPa and with 30 mm thickness, shall be calculated as follows: S =450MPa300mm 3Omm=4.O5OKIN P=2S=8.100KN p = P/D = 16.200 KN/m q=p/L=54MPa
EXAMPLE 2
Volume of depleted uranium to produce the total pressure of Example 1 1 0 a) By using the principle of a lever having a ratio of 10 to 1 of the lever arms measured from the fulcrum (pivoting point), being the short arm 100 cm and long arm of 1000 cm, it is obtained that: p 100 cm=F 1000 cm F=P lOOcmll000cm F=8.100KIN/10=81OKIN b) the above figure corresponds to a weight of Fig 82.569 Kg in view that the weight per unit of volume of DU is yDU 19.050 Kg/rn3 and the weigh per unit of volume of water is yw 1.000Kg/m3 the necessary volume of DU is as follows: V = ml(yDu -yw) 4,6 m3 of DU, which is approximately a mass of a cube with 1,67 mof side.
EXAMPLE 3
Pressure to be applied to a steel pipe to achieve the necessary deformation to stop the oil spill, made by an engine with 200mm-long jaws.
The total pressure (q) to be uniformly applied on a length of a steel pipe (SA-790) with an yield tension of 450 MPa and with 30 mm thickness, using the engine above-mentioned shall be calculated as follows: S=45OMPa.200mm. 30 mm=2.700 KIN P = 2 S = 5.400 KIN p = P/D = 10.800 KN/m q=p/L=54MPa
EXAMPLE 4
Total pressure of Example 3 can be produced by a marine oleodynamic production system.
In view that the theoretical pressure to press flat a portion of the pile along the considered 500 mm is 54 MPa, the portion can be preheated to 500°C to reduce the yield strength more of about 40% according to ASME section II Part D, 2007.
Under such conditions the reduced pressure to press flat the pipe by using the 200 mm jaws is approximately 270 bar, the marine oleodynamic production system is operated to apply a bigger pressure, so that operation can be suitably performed without any metal rupture.
Claims (9)
- Claims: 1. A method of pressing closed the bore of a portion of an underwater oil pipe formed from ferrous material characterized in that the portion is preheated to reduce the yield strength before pressing it by means of jaws or grabs operated by a gravitational acceleration force generated by a metal block with a predetermined density value, the applied force being increased by a class I lever transmission system.
- 2. A method as defined in claim 1, further characterized by preheating the pipe 1 0 portion at a temperature in the range between 15 0°C and 800°C to reduce the metal yield strength before pressing flat and to minimize the pipe rupture risk.
- 3. A method as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the metal block generating the gravitational force to be transmitted to the biting jaws or grabs to press the ferrous pipe has a relative density value at least from 10 up to 20.1 5
- 4. A method as defined in claim 3, where the metal block or part of it is made from depleted uranium (DU).
- 5. A method as defined in any preceding claim where the oil pipe is up to 3000m deep, or more.
- 6. A method as defined in any preceding claim where the oil pipe is responsible for underwater oil spillage.
- 7. Apparatus adapted to carry out the method of any preceding claim.
- 8. Apparatus as defined in claim 6, characterized by comprising the following sub-units: a)a fixed or mobile support (1) suitably adapted to the marine floor, whereon other sub-units are installed; b)a transmission lever system class I (2) installed on said support, where the longer arm has a receiving station which is connected to a storage barge or to an offshore platform by means of a suitable steel rope or steel chain (3) arranged as a sliding guide for a metal block (4) or alternatively a marine hydraulic high pressure generating system to reach about 1000 bar pressure; c) a metal block with specific density delivering the gravitational acceleration force to the receiving station of the transmission lever or alternatively to an hydraulic piston or system; d)force transmission system (5) either mechanical or hydraulic; e) hydraulic jaws or grabs (6) for biting the ferrous pipe; f) a marine preheating system (7) to reduce the yield strength of the ferrous pipe to be pressed flat and to minimize the metal rupture risk.
- 9. Apparatus as defined in any of claims 6 to 8, where the apparatus is emergency apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1009987.7A GB2481215A (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2010-06-15 | Method and apparatus for sealing an oil pipe by heating and pressing the pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1009987.7A GB2481215A (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2010-06-15 | Method and apparatus for sealing an oil pipe by heating and pressing the pipe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201009987D0 GB201009987D0 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
| GB2481215A true GB2481215A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
Family
ID=42471669
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1009987.7A Withdrawn GB2481215A (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2010-06-15 | Method and apparatus for sealing an oil pipe by heating and pressing the pipe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2481215A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108999004A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-14 | 张文英 | A kind of load-bearing wirerope oils anti-corrosive apparatus |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1127816A (en) * | 1913-10-07 | 1915-02-09 | William R Sink | Process for extinguishing well-fires. |
| US3741517A (en) * | 1971-02-09 | 1973-06-26 | Texaco Inc | Subterranean clamping mechanism for submarine wells |
| JP2000161533A (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-16 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Pipe line shutoff construction method |
-
2010
- 2010-06-15 GB GB1009987.7A patent/GB2481215A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1127816A (en) * | 1913-10-07 | 1915-02-09 | William R Sink | Process for extinguishing well-fires. |
| US3741517A (en) * | 1971-02-09 | 1973-06-26 | Texaco Inc | Subterranean clamping mechanism for submarine wells |
| JP2000161533A (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-16 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Pipe line shutoff construction method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108999004A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-14 | 张文英 | A kind of load-bearing wirerope oils anti-corrosive apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201009987D0 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |