GB2475670A - Pivoted blade vertical axis drag-type wind turbine with repelling magnet strips, aerofoil blades and constant speed generator - Google Patents

Pivoted blade vertical axis drag-type wind turbine with repelling magnet strips, aerofoil blades and constant speed generator Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2475670A
GB2475670A GB0916152A GB0916152A GB2475670A GB 2475670 A GB2475670 A GB 2475670A GB 0916152 A GB0916152 A GB 0916152A GB 0916152 A GB0916152 A GB 0916152A GB 2475670 A GB2475670 A GB 2475670A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
blades
wind turbine
vertical
turbine
generator
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Granted
Application number
GB0916152A
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GB0916152D0 (en
GB2475670B (en
Inventor
Farzad Froughi
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to GB0916152.2A priority Critical patent/GB2475670B/en
Publication of GB0916152D0 publication Critical patent/GB0916152D0/en
Publication of GB2475670A publication Critical patent/GB2475670A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2475670B publication Critical patent/GB2475670B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/218—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis with horizontally hinged vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/40—Movement of component
    • F05B2250/41—Movement of component with one degree of freedom
    • F05B2250/411—Movement of component with one degree of freedom in rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/903—Braking using electrical or magnetic forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05B2270/1011—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A vertical wind turbine unit comprising vane pairs 104 attached to a vertical turbine shaft 106. Each vane comprises aerofoil shape blades 108 each pivotally 110, 112 connected at one end to its vane and at the other to the turbine shaft allowing the blades to pivot about a horizontal axis. Magnetic strips 114, 116 are disposed on upper front and lower rear edges of each blade such that when the blades are vertical the strips repel, preventing blade contact to reduce impact noise. The turbine includes a constant speed generator on the shaft and comprises a main and a secondary generator interconnected by a clutch. At high wind speeds the clutch engages to rotate secondary generator windings to generate electricity within the windings, causing rotor braking, limiting turbine speed and transferring extra power to the grid.

Description

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Field of Invention
This invention relates to wind motors with rotation axis substantially at right angle to wind direction, in particular to an omnidirectional turbine in which the rotation axis is vertical.
Background of the Invention
Vertical plane, horizontal axis wind turbines are well known. These are generally large and considered unsightly. The present invention provides an omnidirectional turbine of more compact design.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is a vertical wind turbine unit comprising pairs of vanes attached to a vertical turbine shaft. Each vane comprises a number of shaped blades which are pivotally connected at one end to the corresponding vane and at the other end to the turbine shaft by means of pivots. This allows the blades to pivot about a horizontal axis. The blades have an aerofoil shape.
In another embodiment, the wind turbine unit has magnetic strips (114 and 116) disposed on upper front edges and lower rear edges of each blade in such a way that when the blades are in a vertical position the magnetic strips face each other. The opposing faces of each strip have the same magnetic polarity, so that when the blades move to the vertical position the magnetic strips oppose each other and the repulsive magnetic force exerted between the strips prevents the blades from contacting one another thereby reducing or eliminating impact noise.
In a further embodiment, the turbine unit comprising a constant speed generator mechanically connected by shaft to the wind turbine. The constant speed generator comprises a main generator and a secondary generator mechanically interconnected by a torque clutch. At high wind speeds, torque clutch engages, rotating secondary windings of secondary generator.
Electricity is generated within the windings, causing a braking effect on the rotation and limiting the speed of the turbine. Extra power is thus transferred to the grid. The net effect is a more constant and controlled turbine speed with increased electricity output.
Brief Description of Drawings
For a more complete explanation of the present invention and the technical advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description and the accompanying drawing in which: Figures 1 and 2 shows an overview of a stationary vertical wind turbine unit of the present invention; Figure 3 shows the generally aerofoil or wing shape of the turbine blades; Figures 4a and b shows detail of the magnetic strips attached to the turbine blades; Figure 4c shows how the magnetic strips act to reduce noise; Figures 5a-d, show the operation of the vertical turbine; and Figure 6 shows a constant speed generator for use with the turbine.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, which show views of a stationary vertical wind turbine unit 102, pairs of vanes 104 are attached to a vertical turbine shaft 106. Each vane has a number of shaped blades 108 each of which is connected at one end to the corresponding frame and at the other end to the turbine shaft by means of pivots 110 and 112, respectively, which allow each blade to pivot about a horizontal axis. When the blades on a particular vane rotate into a generally horizontal alignment, moving air is able to pass through the vane with little hindrance. when the blades on a particular vane rotate into a generally vertical alignment, the upper lower portion of each blade 116 abuts against an upper portion 114 of the blade below it, and the vane offers resistance to moving air, causing the turbine unit to rotate. The vertical turbine shaft transfers rotational motion of the turbine unit to a generator (not shown) housed in housing 118. When air flow 306 pushes against blades 108, lift is produced on surface Referring now to Figure 3, which shows the generally aerofoil or wing shape of the blades 108, one surface 302 of a blade has a shorter length than the other 304. The blades have bosses 110 which fit into corresponding slots on the vane or shaft, forming the pivots 110 and 112 shown in Figure 1.
Referring now to Figures 4a and b, which shows further detail of the blade design, magnetic strips 114 and 116 are disposed on upper front edges and lower rear edges of each blade 108 to reduce or eliminate impact noise when the blades move to the vertical position. Each blade has bosses 110 and 112 at either end which fit into corresponding slots on the vane or shaft, forming the pivots 110 and 112 shown in Figure 1.
Referring now to Figure 4c, which shows how the magnetic strips act to reduce noise, magnetic strips 114 and 116 are arranged in such away that when the vanes are in a vertical position the magnetic strips face each other, and the opposing faces of each strip has the same magnetic polarity. This means that when the blades move toward a vertical position, the repulsive magnetic force exerted between the strips prevents the blades from contacting one another.
This provides contact-less and silent blade control. The magnetic strips may be arranged within silicone mouldings to absorb high-speed impacts from abnormal wind gusts. In one embodiment, the magnetic strips comprise permanent rare earth magnets inserted into silicone mouldings.
Referring now to Figures 5a-d, which show the operation of the vertical turbine, airflow 504, 512 passes through the set of shaped blades 506 more easily than airflow 504, 510 through the set of shaped blades 508. This creates a drag differential across the blade shaft, offering less resistance from one half of the shaft. The drag differential creates a turning force 512 around the shaft, pivoting the less resistive set of blades 506 to the horizontal and the corresponding set of blades 508 to the vertical, creating a wall of overlapped blades (see Figures 5c and Sd) . The wall poses enough resistance to initiate a turning force 512 around the main vertical axis shaft. This cycle continues, turning a generator in housing 118 which is attached to the main shaft, thereby generating electricity. In a preferred embodiment, the generator is the constant speed generator disclosed below.
At high wind speeds a standard wind turbine will be halted to avoid damage being caused to the installation. The present invention avoids this shortcoming by controlling the speed of the turbine, which allows continuous use. This also results in the generation of electricity over a wider range of weather conditions.
Referring now to Figure 6, which shows a constant speed generator 620, at low to medium wind speeds, variable torque provided by the wind rotates shaft 106 connected to permanent magnet 602 via top bearing 604. This creates electric current in windings 606 of the main generator 608, generating electricity for transfer to a grid.
At high wind speeds, torque clutch 610 engages, rotating secondary windings 612 of secondary generator 614. Power is also transferred from the main generator to primary windings 616 of the secondary generator creating an electromagnet. As the secondary windings rotate within this field, electricity is generated within the windirigs, causing a braking effect on the rotation and limiting the speed of the turbine. Extra power is thus transferred to the grid. The net effect is a more constant and controlled turbine speed with increased electricity output.
Example
Power output, P, under typical UK conditions: P =O.5xrhoxAxCpxV3xNgxNb Rho air density, 1.225 Kgm3 A exposed rotor swept area, 1.08 m2 Cp coefficient of performance, 0.35 for a good turbine design V wind speed, 6 ms' Ng generator efficiency, 0.8 for a permanent magnet generator Nb = bearing efficiency, 0.95 for good bearings Resulting in the generation of 38W

Claims (8)

  1. Claims 1. A vertical wind turbine unit (102) comprising pairs of vanes (104) attached to a vertical turbine shaft (106) wherein each of said vanes comprises a number of shaped blades (108), each of said blades being pivotally connected at one end to the corresponding vane and at the other end to said turbine shaft by means of pivots (110 and 112 respectively) whereby said blades are able to pivot about a horizontal axis, characterised by said blades having an aerofoil shape.
  2. 2. The vertical wind turbine unit of claims 1 or 2 additionally comprising magnetic strips (114 and 116) disposed on upper front edges and lower rear edges of each blade in such a way that when the blades are in a vertical position the magnetic strips face each other, and the opposing faces of each strip have the same magnetic polarity, whereby when the blades move to the vertical position the magnetic strips oppose each other and the repulsive magnetic force exerted between the strips prevents the blades from contacting one another thereby reducing or eliminating impact noise.
  3. 3. The vertical wind turbine unit of claim 3 wherein said magnetic strips comprise permanent rare earth magnets
  4. 4. The vertical wind turbine unit of claim 4 wherein said magnetic strips are arranged within silicone mouldings to absorb high-speed impacts from abnormal wind gusts.
  5. 5. The vertical wind turbine unit of any of the preceding claims additionally comprising a constant speed generator (620) mechanically connected by shaft (106) to the wind turbine, said constant speed generator comprising a main generator (608) and a secondary generator (614) mechanically interconnected by a torque clutch (610)
  6. 6. The vertical wind turbine of claim 5 wherein said main generator comprises a permanent magnet primary unit (602) which rotates within secondary windings (606) to generate electricity.
  7. 7. The vertical wind turbine of claims 5 or 6 wherein said secondary generator comprises secondary windings (612) which rotate within primary windings (616)
  8. 8. The vertical wind turbine of claims 5, 6, or 7 wherein at high wind speeds, said torque clutch engages, rotating secondary windings (612) of secondary generator (614), thereby generating electricity and causing a braking effect on the rotation of the turbine and limiting the speed of the turbine.
GB0916152.2A 2009-09-15 2009-09-15 Pivoted Blade Vertical Axis Drag-Type Wind Turbine with Repelling Magnet Strips Expired - Fee Related GB2475670B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0916152.2A GB2475670B (en) 2009-09-15 2009-09-15 Pivoted Blade Vertical Axis Drag-Type Wind Turbine with Repelling Magnet Strips

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0916152.2A GB2475670B (en) 2009-09-15 2009-09-15 Pivoted Blade Vertical Axis Drag-Type Wind Turbine with Repelling Magnet Strips

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GB0916152D0 GB0916152D0 (en) 2009-10-28
GB2475670A true GB2475670A (en) 2011-06-01
GB2475670B GB2475670B (en) 2014-02-26

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012013722A3 (en) * 2010-07-27 2012-06-07 Mario Kinelly Rotor for a wind energy installation
WO2012075022A2 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-06-07 Windmarket, Llc Adjustable wind-resistance windmill with indicia
WO2016183649A1 (en) * 2015-04-07 2016-11-24 Da Costa Pereira Jorge Energy generation tower

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5540273A (en) * 1978-09-16 1980-03-21 Toshio Takayama Electromagnetic device for controlling opening/closing blades of windmill
FR2668205A1 (en) * 1990-10-17 1992-04-24 Lagut Denis Wind machine with two flaps and magnetic stops
WO1997020142A1 (en) * 1995-11-28 1997-06-05 Ion Popescu Vertical axis wind turbine
US20050280264A1 (en) * 2002-05-18 2005-12-22 Sandor Nagy Multistage wind-powered generator with shafts and a coupling system
US20080181777A1 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 James Robert Bailey Turbine with desirable features
WO2008092331A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2008-08-07 Shaozhong Liu A movable blade antidrag type aerovane windmill generator
US20080292460A1 (en) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-27 Seven Stars Worldwide Limited Fluid Turbine With Fluid-Tiltable Blades

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5540273A (en) * 1978-09-16 1980-03-21 Toshio Takayama Electromagnetic device for controlling opening/closing blades of windmill
FR2668205A1 (en) * 1990-10-17 1992-04-24 Lagut Denis Wind machine with two flaps and magnetic stops
WO1997020142A1 (en) * 1995-11-28 1997-06-05 Ion Popescu Vertical axis wind turbine
US20050280264A1 (en) * 2002-05-18 2005-12-22 Sandor Nagy Multistage wind-powered generator with shafts and a coupling system
WO2008092331A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2008-08-07 Shaozhong Liu A movable blade antidrag type aerovane windmill generator
US20080181777A1 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 James Robert Bailey Turbine with desirable features
US20080292460A1 (en) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-27 Seven Stars Worldwide Limited Fluid Turbine With Fluid-Tiltable Blades

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012013722A3 (en) * 2010-07-27 2012-06-07 Mario Kinelly Rotor for a wind energy installation
WO2012075022A2 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-06-07 Windmarket, Llc Adjustable wind-resistance windmill with indicia
WO2012075022A3 (en) * 2010-11-29 2014-04-10 Windmarket, Llc Adjustable wind-resistance windmill with indicia
WO2016183649A1 (en) * 2015-04-07 2016-11-24 Da Costa Pereira Jorge Energy generation tower

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0916152D0 (en) 2009-10-28
GB2475670B (en) 2014-02-26

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20190915