GB2466295A - A method of mass treating organic fibrous material - Google Patents
A method of mass treating organic fibrous material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2466295A GB2466295A GB0823235A GB0823235A GB2466295A GB 2466295 A GB2466295 A GB 2466295A GB 0823235 A GB0823235 A GB 0823235A GB 0823235 A GB0823235 A GB 0823235A GB 2466295 A GB2466295 A GB 2466295A
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- Prior art keywords
- fibrous material
- organic
- acid
- precursor
- hybrid
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/12—Multiple coating or impregnating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
- E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A method of mass treating organic fibrous material, e.g. wood fibres or waste pulp, comprising (i) contacting the organic fibrous material with a mixture of an organic polymer precursor and sodium silicate (water glass) and (ii) contacting the treated fibrous material with an acid, preferably sulphuric acid, to deposit an organic precursor/silica hybrid or an organic precursor/silicic acid hybrid or an organic precursor/polysilicic acid hybrid on the treated fibrous material and then (iii) contacting the treated fibrous material with an aluminium compound. The produced hybrid construction material (hybrid fibre composite precursor) has improved surface water permeability, improved fire resistance, improved early flexural strength and it can be used as a reinforcing material, e.g. in cement or concrete.
Description
HYBPJ[3 FLERtt (.tlf$ POtS t J3CUR5OR The p sexa s ventioft rekses to e baud p i aSh he1t is based oo modified atw:a] fibtes ptcc:CniOf:ttia%t tteated, to make. them we suitable for use to ttt:thtcRttt.ttc soass the coustructiost md bui1ctht.
ft is 31s0 keown to use textural fibres as a fI].kr hi oocerete, howeym the ceucrote will attacth sod degrade natural fibrea and make thorn umoiitabk for sorb use.
It is also known to use txosgaxtie compound ireated1 O5tAlttte natural fibres in remount to ixstke otasiie rnaturtd fibre cement h'owevor water pnsatea through the surface of math pixtdxtcts or daxuperts them cad mattes lhexn sag to become t chat hedly weaker and ausniustile lot oxseuxal cladding and wtenms)lixth.
it is aLso losown to include potyxuers us fibrous meet durtnp orx ifatonirnig to produce macro-defect free cement, which has ixuptoced water resistance hut nit the h:igltghted pncatwmes tins results in clogging tsi 01 the tstitdxos suac inecy and loan of c lymex additive.
durnog the process.
in rnsuy parts of the. world. suppiies of orpssxuc natural fibrous materials axe;swii.ta:hle either as a nat:uxal Gtgttttic maternal or as a trOt product ox: hy-pxodrtc.t of other processes. such as cotton tint waste. waste frees wood pulp mnarwfacttrxe, etc. and I. isaw now devised a teethed of mass tt.eathtp ox-panic mesturuS fiieou.s prothicts to enable there to be used as an improved utuitbrctng material and. as a arcane-tb garn ceteratoo a binding or pr ceasing aid product i.e fibre cc mans xuenafitcttsre.
According to the invention there is provided a method of inisas treating gomupeti cugairtc fibrous material which rrsethod couxprises fi) contacting rho organic tibroua iratterist dxrshm with a toijuere in the pa}vniter urecursor (adduct, semi-cured, oxidizing ce redoeing and. scdittm silicate and (lxi contacting the stunted.aratersal with art send to deposit polymer precursorositicate frybrid. an txiiirue>r precursor-s:ilicio acid or polymer procursor potysili.o aind en the fibrous material and then (iii) contacting the tie-steal ftbrous ruatenal with oxcideconxaiuiag ccsrrgtouad.
flat soditani siUcate is. pseièr hiyi oean& e atilk4iian ohtt.snt e..g ct! the rrpe t:it:tttcntiy kocawtL ats watter elate. The stcdchEoLnette e position for a atoml etnserflion of sdiura ralicate. at n SiONnd1) :r of 3: asS. foi: tat alkaline soddtm silicate 0 SiOt;N4e0 ranie of <3.13:1. A typical alkaline rnde sodium tilkate has a SiO NtO ratio of 2: L The organic: pct}yLncw p:i tuner can take the font of any liquid two part e: caste port seif.
CaLIta f'O1)t9atE1 CL2' C edit 5t jute i h%drL5�= It tt 0 Ifl\t El tdthLLt 13)Idt EL I Os' acetate, SIeItVIk:5Orjiatet pOlyirrethacte based or oikvd resin based p ferre$ The qeantity 1.0 of poWtner precursac to silk:ate solw;km i 1:10.
Preaferabis a sohtticaa of sodhan salkase is scred in which the viscosity of the sohElion is low CnOSLL?1J to $i the:5C4j5atL5 s3iIcaE.e solution to flow *we the. fibrous naterial and to penetrate the fibres.A typaval ootntitettsaflv avaiiahie ttehd COti.cetStnttiOxt is 40% solids 13 cctatettt. which is about.142 ii for as iseatral grade sodiarn silicate SOliLtIDEE and 99g11 for an alkaline arack heat. but. these costcttettthOns are tfl eritacad.
PreJhrably the iibrons rEt coal is moss treated iO a water d.persien preferably itt 0 pipeionfined relume aLt, tdIOWrI in the diatatrasa (Fig 515 Ott It. [3 P0LPstd dsroaa$s the system. to allow eetopeh. rniadnp dElls. and make use of the lttLttttSsLic $11 the pipe. dating transport to allow the organie polymer prectursor! Ste solution to autrnnct with all Jse fliraus material.
The acid:[Lced to: contact the treated fibrous motored is a prePimably [I rots teriti a:eiti edt.
SaLAIPtULr[c anal. The p11 of the. acid.sttoald be last ween 2 am! 4 and for subb uric acid: an, acid solution of about 10 to 3J% weEghE acid is.snitab]e. Preferably the acid solatiem shoLdd be mated with a salt of the acid to saturale the acid soindon artd, in. the case of sulphuric acid.
any salt: eisa be used s'0jfjj sialphaae but the less,scchtthle salts e.g. cak:ium sulphate, ate preferred. The oreterrect enucettttataon of die salt is 10% to 0% wa S. in the solutacu.. The tre.amaent tfl the material with the cci cl/salt solution isteferably rakes place at 20CC tO more prefeirabivat pot to 60 in an di.meut of the Ve.fltiOtl tire buLlS tria tOil dispersion ii uOrttil3U0R51y ixne rant hence Enixard unto thu olganic p lymeafscnnnm sihcate soluhon, carlict ia rIse Ia: caua (FIg. 2) and the acid teak silation:i trodocud at is Inter riage tEig 3) at. a rate tuuosnancaiiv matched by an ordmnr/ ctroa,tculiv operated dispenser (Fl g4) S with the csrgwso.-siiicate hyor3d. this is then dewatrred (Fig 5, to obtsdn the treided fiirroirs tnuiIStn& which is s is4ar1ttantly treated with en alusomium compound drising the buikling product nicking phase: The aharnimum curuposrnd is s fesably a sobuiwn or ceineutitions past:e containisig ainunsia or an akm�=inmrn salt arid any aiu:rairtuan mode paste.
The trwsttnesst with the aloniinh.nn compound is believed to ixifslult IrA the thirnetion of altnrdnioxn silicate sites. on the hhroos and organic polymer pnacu.tsori-tahre material.
ma: presence of the alumina silicate sites results in improved thuproufing of the ousted ergathc tnaeeiaI and in netter inetroc. bonding piopernes.
The cajoti of the Octane polymer precnrsor behc.ved to be adsorbed as. well as tonically and coviduntly noncted to the organic ftbre (as drawn in Flume 20.t in the treatment process results sri the adsoibed polyn:ter being dispersed in the. paste so fill nut: the air voids altrisig nmixnsg, and the icutcally and covalently bonded sections The ckspersiccn of the treated stratedal in alkalis such. as cetmiunts and concrete is increased hr tniatmeni: by the eaeth;xl. of the invention. The treated trim? eat can be wetted and mined noimally with no loss of fiat resi:stancu. The coating intptitia impressed toughness, work of fracture, acoustic absorption. fleratrul strength and fisrtiier resistance to insect attack. e.g. born tennites, and to funp&l or microbial attack 2 to the cemensitsons corstpc itce formed with it.
The dispersed organic polymer precursor is aiso heliceed to further react with itself anti. form a laser oa t:op of the product ttue to its de:asity and. act as a.hyiirnpku.hic hairier ton waier penustiatiun.
Daring mass pmocea&ing of the treated fibre coii nit tig paste to pr lice building products. the organic polymer p acarsor is attached to the fIbre arid does riot freei y flow and di sierra awrty with the wal:er to clog vanoiss C uip3nerLt COaa[Xtaeflts.
During curing of the boildthg conp.osites formed the polymer lirecutsor torsos a network of pOL*Orfat>lIlOrgniic compounds as an rsdthtionai binder with the cementitious phases to form stronger composites hitedleable to seniots strength within 5 (hY5 Ii is believed, that, in the. treasinetit with the organic polymer prec.tirsodsodtnm silicate, the silici.c or pr$yrahcic acids are precipitated in such a manner that. they trap parts of the p clymer precursor forathtg particksri., wInch regularly deposit on the fl2d:Llrat fibre surface. :Io1tm into atger congl nerarious in tb a diameter in the nanometer range. The eeiieh>sec chains on the fibra also partiai:ty read: with thr csrgatuc polymer precursor on the surface, which xmght. also lx: contaeomg the silica or sihcic acid.. Thus a network ot organte/morganic coniprasrals is Icirruad (Pi.gure lit).
The rnaiorirs of the. groups arc believed to he hydrophobic (e.g. Figaro 2 ft u)rae: of the free reactrse groups will be yOtOptrihe and ionic allowing further reaction with cetnentisIous crunpounds within the pastes aced to form the products. The surface of the fibrous material is charged and this charge. is neutralised by catioris such as Mg, Na". Pe2' Cf ions present in cement. The handling properties of the treated tthroua itiatettais am similar to the untreated niarerial ready to he used for the rnimufacsuring process but have unproved resistance to wetting, and improved resistance to alkali attack and to insectoidal. fitngal or tnierc.,hiai attack.
In a preferred embodiment of 1:he inveoton a. staNd polymer preccmrihcnte cellulose product is formed when the snrdti-componem sobsuon (pol.yrrie:r precursor blended silicate alkinin*e snhrson and the Oh us subs pee) 1.5 treated with arm acid solution containing preinrably about 10 to 20 perceat b weight of 1J2S{.}4, about.10 to 20 pe:iw:ent by wight of 4 SO4 or pinferithy CaS0 at a temperature of 20°C to 100°C. pivfecablv about 20°C in 80'CI for a suthcent time Au alth)iijXithls corItainint solubon is ad1fiid at the processiu stsae The aluminium S will react stronttjy with the atthace of the organic polymer precrusor/poiy_sihcic acid hltd sit s: fitietre is enow of it:in the sohition.-The treatroeth can he carried out with for eaninpie, at a tesnpemhtre of 0°C to 100°C, preferably about 20°C to $(YC for a eufttcient tune.
Durine rho natural organic pulp fibre treatment pacassa and within: the natural so ou*Jpulp fibme the polymer precunor silicate hybrid has been preci.piiared in such a manner that its iunan particles, regahrriy ctint.:.huied on the cellulose fibre backbone, form into Larger ag3glonxerauons with a diameter measurable in nanometers which can he seen on SEM micregraphe or other optical-microscopic methods ftigmnn 22).
Other salty/oxnles of Al can be used ibr the modification, in which case the aqueous solution made:12om them. with the alunainium in a saitably reactive bent is used Sn the Caine: manner as the n.luminate solution.
The natural fibrotes materials which cats. be treated by the inettiod of the invention include sofrwoodithardwood fibres after pulping:, as fresh or v:aste pcI ? Cooi panet mills, with cosupiasitions of 404512 ceilulose 154512 hentieellui.ose 17-35% iignm as neutral, acid, sulphite:, kraft or nse.c.bsmi:cal poipa Csuoti or b.brous ccmon Lit waste with more than 2% imapunty of any kind and all naturally occurring oqeanic fibrous materials whore aspect ratio rs greater than 500 can abat he used, The basic cehuiosic bucicbocae and reactive stoops as shown in Figures 2t.
the-sorfice girrups tm. for esarn.ple waste pulp fibres fle mnnLy carbuxylic (-COOM) arid &ulphonic (-SQnH.) acid gtmius end then amoruc nanne gives them ito affinity for carionic additives arid can also be reacted with reactive groeris of the othanic polymer precursor-At fig p41 they are in their dissociated salt furor, and at low pH in:tttdr uixlissoc-iatec{ form., Smce ireatmeist is done. at tow p11 this allows the organic substance to react with these snthsce grntsps, and when the flhm o then rusred in a paste, which is ed a high pH. one of the Ices siten can take past se the ttotma cetixalErous feaQt1OiTts The urereated fibres era attacked ii they axe exputied to any Coon of fungal attack although it is a well proven concept that wood fibres can he mixed in a cement snatnx wIthout the us) of neiccohial attack duo to the &iaccessihihty of such fibres to the iritciobes. as they am: normally fully embedded in the rehthsrced natrus at fibre volume fractions of less than 9% by vokrtno. The treated fibres are resistant to fingal attack The tieai.ed:iiboatts material of the inventi on can be used as a osiriforciag fiber fdr any suitable hinder or construction materusi nattix such at connote Or c11eflt mud etc The mimatedzh fornw.d. liv tee method of the reventioxi when mixed with cement gains enotigh strength to be handled as if in service within dii heists can aho be used as a constnatiotm mausisi due to their increased sates penesratims resistance: arid hioicsucni isttaek.
The invention st illustrated in the Examples.
A tend of 101)0kg of waste pulp was ants treated by pumping ut through a. pipe (FigtLte 5) stud contacting it at valvo aster lfPiaure Ii with art alkahau slaujion contamninu l$2g/i neutral tirade socttun:t silicate. (coiitattte.o III ligate it)) dispensed with asm aikaliruciaciuf rstnra culersmunic ijoctor (Figure 3) at a rate of 5gis ai 2St.The reco.ncl acid solution (contained in Figure 9) was inected at the second inecticnm valve (Figure 4) snatched Wit the stat i:nluCtiOn at 1gm of an and nsiecrwe of.31)1 suiphsnioacriditi0gl scalsuas stuphate solution and 342 of acetic & :30 "C xr I hour. The tnzed fl:hres were then tttied ithg ntnici sqieezer (Figure 7), md bagged P'gur 8) ready for mass pn>duthot of building p!tEct. Smpk. fitht wac tthn, wahecl nd boiled with watr and thiS to bt ted in Eaa;mpies 2-6.
S
The procedure of example 1 as repeated using carbonate instead of the acetic anhydride, this time together with the sodium solution and a water dispersible epoxide solution.
mrJ2 Fire Resirstnce Ilit pmchic (?t *xxnpie It &td 2 wn stxI for [tie rstncc by heating h air a a tcixt&ti. of 20t k 1000°C t tate of 1(1 ckcctec a nmitt far 90 mjna tThd itu1t c m�=axi>d with aitd pulp O Ch-pr&dut jt F4npIL I ks1 fl I I e ni wt Li [ i} tn S t &\ ahowi on a ItA curve ahown in Eigwt I ccnpad wth the unrreted nmedffl which g4 fR% of i*t wegh bedow:337:)ç S ShOW1\ t lilA (affve &hown u 12.. Th product of Fnmpk 2 S $O4W at th wdgh bebw 478 C as shown on i VGA cune thown in hgun 13 campamd whh 93% t'&.ow $26 °C ftw wi:trated macethd s shown on a TGA CUxvt shown n Fimt 1$.
Th the flier<thoua wxstes the S1-1M piciares.&w th hycinujop crystaH3swnn pc4ucb ifl the >tflC&U(Th Wtfl.a ntrmai as swwn ir Figaro}5. 31)
The urtrretaed tRite. silicate only treated fibre, organic polymer premrnw (polyLlrethane varniali tread fiber was uaed to snake ten 2Cthnin2i)Otnm coraposires by anpacino at 2cMpa prussian with asal 0,4 wares to cement state. 10% fibre arid 90% OPt grade cement these were cured for S days.
1. $tL4. 11W.
Else snrnpies wean ftt-sr dried at 50 degreec C for a day in VttCtltuXt) tktlQt then a bucker of water (1) as in Figure 16 placed or4 top ci' each samp1e This was left for 2$ hears �0 and the weight chante tot each wangle was recorder! on Table I together with an observatson as to complete water liereiraon cross the thickness rahowing dampness on the. lower aide B) or not.
The samples reinforced with the ire-erect fibre show less than 5% weight gain and no dainpuesson the lower side B. Samples renkirced with untreated fibre show a 13- 13 22% weight gain and sotne dampness on lower side B-SEM pictures taken on the sarface of the specinwa shown in Figure 17 a flatter surface on the treated fibre reinforced composites and fibroida of cross-I inld:n neus'ork of polymer.. 2: 1
Th. -flric ac i4t-' it' IL 01 k5Up'-4 k\clL cd f, andtd 3]5O1 I i\Md) fiextn on a-Testometric machine after 5 days arid the graphs shown in Figure iS were obtained. fl-e sassnies with treated fibre have a load carrying capacity greater than!bLir times that oi silicate treated and entreated fibre and hence exceed service.
z streaeth cut-tag this petiocL Example 6 Commercial Scale treatment of SAPPI pnlp from Sprints, Sonth Africa Sun ie f STU pifip cn.unbie ml p ctunthe tened acortiirtg tO Lanirk effluer were taken lrotn effliett faci1Uy e.ery, Lwo hn and hmidsheet made in 11w ktboratorv.
Temsi1e, btsr.t. nnd bzar test% 6i? ce:rrii'd 01:11. and the follctwirg rest:Ittxe ob1thed.
SAMFI1 TENSILE INDEX fflJRST INDEX if %R INDEX C&nlrrl 1 1 $hr 747 0A7 127 L 4hr 9i12 ______
_____________
4 160 LOIn 1L98 042 161 hi example 6 tot the teated pfflp:: C* Tk index imaroved to ic&3%: mi0afly to. 91�4% the; I Ohn.
Rtna nde. xn..proktEA by.5L6% mtbilize$ and then incread to 10O. alter It a n kk dutxt b I \t in ca md irpto'.ed to 1° " The same samples made as for Example 2 were tested for standard 3 point bending flexure on a Testometrie machine after steam curing for 3 hours at 6 bar low pressure steam at 65°C. The samples with treated fibre have a load canying capacity greater than four times that of untreated fibre and hence exceed service strength after this period.
Fthi..we 2. iniecton poInt.1.. nki\ mht FIrc 3 EietizRi.c/ Ekctrlcad!n*tctor Figure 4 hic\tion potra va1v iMe P1;ure 5 Orgink. Fibre iminport Pipe F;w:e 6 i1)ii:ecrio ni prim ped fIbre d.ipeSon flow flpr I MeebmicnI Squeezer ibr drying. treated fiSt Par E Senudrv treated fibre ha Fi23JYe 9 Add Sb niixture thpensing tank hgure 10 Alk;thiorgarue eQmpotnd nnntre diapaiIng tank Chdnw
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0823235A GB2466295A (en) | 2008-12-20 | 2008-12-20 | A method of mass treating organic fibrous material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0823235A GB2466295A (en) | 2008-12-20 | 2008-12-20 | A method of mass treating organic fibrous material |
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| GB0823235D0 GB0823235D0 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
| GB2466295A true GB2466295A (en) | 2010-06-23 |
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| GB0823235A Withdrawn GB2466295A (en) | 2008-12-20 | 2008-12-20 | A method of mass treating organic fibrous material |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104446228A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州万盛混凝土有限公司 | Preparation method of concrete with high fire resistance |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5194087A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1993-03-16 | Norsk Proco A/S | Fireproof, waterproof and acidproof binder |
| US5500402A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1996-03-19 | Ab Carl Munters | Method for the manufacture of a contact body for the exchange of moisture or heat |
| WO2003035573A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-01 | Dutiro Cuthbert | Hybrid fibre composite precursor |
-
2008
- 2008-12-20 GB GB0823235A patent/GB2466295A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5194087A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1993-03-16 | Norsk Proco A/S | Fireproof, waterproof and acidproof binder |
| US5500402A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1996-03-19 | Ab Carl Munters | Method for the manufacture of a contact body for the exchange of moisture or heat |
| WO2003035573A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-01 | Dutiro Cuthbert | Hybrid fibre composite precursor |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104446228A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-03-25 | 苏州万盛混凝土有限公司 | Preparation method of concrete with high fire resistance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0823235D0 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
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