GB2464276A

GB2464276A - A method associating energy expenditure with a particular type of physical activity

Info

Publication number: GB2464276A
Application number: GB0818330A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Steven Barrett
Original assignee: FEEL FIT Ltd
Current assignee: FEEL FIT Ltd
Priority date: 2008-10-07
Filing date: 2008-10-07
Publication date: 2010-04-14
Also published as: WO2010041000A1; GB0818330D0

Abstract

A database comprising information categorizing a physical activity into categories and information indicating the points value (level of energy expenditure) associated with each category. Preferably the results are used to formulate an improved program of physical activities for an individual in which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds a target number of points for the individual. Optionally the activity categories may be categorised by activity components such as weight-bearing or non-weight bearing, full impact or non-impact, propulsion or stationary components.

Description

Methods and Apparatus for Improving Fitness Regimes

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to fitness regimes and to methods for determining the relative benefit of any one particular form of activity compared to any other to allow a person to assess their overall levels of physical activity and, if required, to optimise and improve their exercise regime.

*:*::* BACKGROUND ART

* It has become apparent over recent decades that the increasing incidence of obesity in the Western World is generally a result of increasingly sedentary : lifestyles and poor diet. Many occupations now require the employee to work * * long or anti-social hours and under conditions that do not involve the expenditure of much physical energy. This means that even if they wanted to, *:*. many employees are unable to find a convenient time for regular attendance at an exercise class and do not therefore expend enough energy to maintain a basic level of fitness. Further the stressful nature of many occupations often means that employees consume meals at irregular times or consume food of insufficient nutritional benefit. As a result the collective fitness of the Western population is' worryingly low.

A number of individuals manage to maintain a basic activity level by visiting a local gym or swimming pool, either before or after work, at lunch times or at weekends. Others are able to maintain a basic level of physical activity by either walking or cycling to work or school.

The benefits of improved fitness to the population as a whole are considerable. In fact, it has been found that regular physical activity contributes to maintaining the health and fitness of the elderly and also reduces the incidence of long term obesity in the young, thereby reducing the long-term burden to health systems. In addition the benefits of regular physical activity such as increased muscle tone, strength and cardiovascular function have been found to improve the confidence of an individual and contribute to their overall sense of well-being. However, these benefits are only maintained provided that a minimum amount of activity is undertaken on a regular basis. Ideally an individual should undertake some form of physical activity every day. However, it is not always easy for an individual to assess the benefits of any one particular form of activity compared to any other and to determine the best and most effective way of incorporating physical activity into their daily routine in order to maintain their health and well-being.

* In addition not everyone's attitude to activity is the same. Some individuals are more likely to undertake physical activity in a structured S...

environment in the company of other individuals in which, for example targets are set and goals achieved, whereas others are happier to exercise alone. There is a need therefore for a system which allows individuals to assess the levels of *.....

* physical activity that they need to include in their weekly schedule in order to : maintain a desired level of health and fitness. There is a further need for a *. system that allows an individual to compare the relative benefits to their overall health and fitness of any one type of physical activity with any other and to incorporate the activity deemed most beneficial to them into their weekly schedule. There is also a need for a system, which helps an individual plan when a chosen activity can be undertaken, thereby facilitating the ability of otherwise busy individuals to undertake a physical activity that is beneficial to their health and fitness at a time that is convenient to them. In addition there is a need for a system, which provides the individual with a degree of feedback on the activities that have been undertaken so that an individual can assess the benefits of the activities undertaken on their health and well-being and can monitor whether they are achieving their weekly activity target. The present invention addresses these needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present inventors have observed that each and every type of activity can be defined by one or more physical components or aspects selected from the group comprising weight bearing, non-weight bearing, stationary, neutral, non-impact, full impact, propulsion, external load and sleep. For example an activity having a weight bearing component requires that the body support its own weight during the activity. An example of a weight bearing exercise is walking.

Similarly an activity having a full impact component requires that one or more parts of the body hit or impact against an external surface with some force during the activity. Examples of full impact activities include jogging, aerobics and boxing. Finally an activity having an external load component requires that the body pull or push against additional weight during the activity. Examples of activities involving an external load include weight lifting and carrying shopping or a child.

* An activity having a neutral component is characterised by the absence of any form of forward or lateral propulsion. An example of a neutral activity is :: walking on the spot, squatting or yoga exercises requiring the individual to adopt a wide stance and support their body weight through their feet. An activity having a stationary component is characterised by the absence of propulsion and *...

typically requires that the weight of the body be supported by the floor.

Examples of stationary activities include Yoga poses and stretches where the weight of the body is supported by the floor. An activity having a non-weight bearing component of activity is characterised by the requirement that there is no need for the body to support its own weight. Examples of non-weight bearing activities include yoga poses and dynamic stretches where the weight of the individual is supported by the floor. By the term sleep it is to be understood that the individual is in a resting position and their body weight is fully supported at all times.

Indeed it has been determined by the inventors that each and every form of activity can be classified into one of eight category types depending upon the combination of physical components inherent to that form of activity. Since each activity component is associated with the expenditure of differing amounts of physical energy, each category type can therefore be assigned a category identifier, which reflects the amount of energy expenditure associated with activities in each category. In other words, the categories are graded depending upon the particular combination of physical components defining each category the sum of the energy expenditure associated with each category being indicative of the category grading. Suitable numbers or letters can be used to grade each category. Preferably each category type is assigned a category identifier selected from one of letters B to I, the order of the category identifiers reflecting the increasing amount of energy expenditure associated with each category. The category identifiers together with the physical components (weight bearing, non-weight bearing, full impact etc) defining each category identifier is set out in Table 1 below:

Table 1 * ** * * *

Category Identifier Associated physical components * *.* B Non-weight bearing, stationary * S.... * S

:: C Weight bearing, non-impact, neutral D Weight bearing, non-impact, neutral, external load E Weight bearing, non-impact, propulsion F Weight bearing, non-impact, external load, propulsion C Weight bearing, full impact, neutral H Weight bearing, full impact, propulsion I Weight bearing, full impact, propulsion, external load From an analysis of the various activity components, the inventors have determined that the non-weight bearing and stationary aspects of exercise are associated (qualitatively) with relatively little energy expenditure. Further it has been determined that each of the weight bearing, non-impact and neutral aspects of activity require the expenditure of a qualitatively greater amount of energy than the non-weight bearing and stationary aspect of exercise. The external load aspect of exercise requires the expenditure of a still greater amount of physical energy. The propulsion aspect of activity requires the expenditure of a still greater amount of energy compared to the external load aspect and the "full impact" aspect of exercise requires the expenditure of still more energy.

Further, in addition to the relative amount of energy expenditure that is associated with each activity category, each activity category can be used to assist in the formulation of an activity regime which addresses physical requirements above and beyond the expenditure of energy. For example activities including weight bearing and non-impact components are particularly suitable for individuals needing to improve their posture. Further activities :" including a full-impact component have the benefit of increasing and maintaining bone density and strengthening connective tissues whereas activities that include an external load aspect have the benefit of building muscle volume and increasing metabolic rate. The activity categories B to I therefore provide . .: information on different types of activity as well as the amount of energy expenditure associated therewith. Further the inventors have determined the effects that each of the exercises falling within the activity categories have on the strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function of an individual.

It has therefore been determined that activities falling within category B or C involve the expenditure of less physical energy compared to those falling within category H. However activities falling within category C are more beneficial to improving an individual's posture compared with activities falling within category H. Each category is also assigned a points value, which provides a qualitative reflection of the relative level of energy expenditure associated with an activity falling within that category compared to an activity falling within any other category. For example, an activity such as Yoga, which falls within activity category B is assigned a Points per minute value of 0.0333 whereas an activity such as rugby, which falls within activity category I is assigned a points per minute value of 0.15. It will therefore be seen that an individual who undertakes yoga for an hour will accrue 2 points and an individual who plays rugby for an hour will accrue 9 points. Thus it will be appreciated that playing rugby involves the expenditure of over four times the amount of physical energy associated with doing Yoga. The per minute and hourly points values assigned to each activity category are set out in Table 2 below. Table 3 lists the activities falling within each category. Further Table 4 provides an indication of the effects that each exercise has on the strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function of an individual. The numbers in the "cardlo", "strength" and "flexibility" column essentially provide a grading system whereby a grade of 0 or 1 indicates that the exercise has relatively little effect on that physiological function whereas a grade of 5 indicates that the exercise has a significant effect on that physiological function. * *

It will therefore be appreciated that this novel classification of activities by : the present inventor facilitates an assessment of the relative benefits of a : number of different activities (in terms of their relative energy expenditure), as well as their impact on posture, muscle recruitment, bone density, tissue S. connectivity, muscle volume and metabolism merely by looking at the points * *. value and activity components associated with that category. This unique classification system facilitates the formulation of activity regimes which address the needs of the individual (in terms of posture, bone density etc) and which involve a sufficient amount of physical energy to help the individual to achieve their optimal activity level. By establishing a points value for any particular activity, be it walking, running, cycling, cleaning or gardening it is possible to assess whether an individual's current activity levels are sufficient to reach a pie-set individual activity (points) target and to determine what additional activities could be most easily included into their weekly schedule to give them the most benefit to their overall fitness and well-being. The unique classification system of the present invention and the associated points value assigned to each activity thereby facilitates the formulation of a unique activity regime, the formulation of which takes into consideration not only the relative physical benefits of any one particular activity, but also the overall activity levels of an individual for whom the activity regime is being formulated. In other words the classification and points system assists in the planning and implementation of a personalised improved fitness regime.

Table 2

Category Identifier Points per minute values Points per hour values B 0.0333 2 C 0.05 3 D 0.0666 4 . E 0.08333 5 * ** * *** F 0 1 6 * G 0.1166 7 S..... * S

H 0.1333 8

S * . *. . * * * *.

Table 3

EXERCISE POINTS INDEX POINTS PER MINUTE POINTS PER

___________________________ _______________ __________________ HOUR

Aerobics, high impact H 0.1333 8 Aerobics, low impact E 0.08333 5 Archery (non-hunting) C 0.05 3 Automobile repair C 0.05 3 Backpacking, general H 0.1333 8 Badminton, competitive E 0.08333 5 Badminton, social, general E 0.08333 5 Basketball, game I 0.15 9 Basketball, officiating H 0.1333 8 Basketball, wheelchair I 0.15 9 Bicycling, <10mph H 0.1333 8 Bicycling, >20mph, racing H 0.1333 8 Bicycling, BMX or mountain H 0.1333 8 Body Attack H 0.1333 8 Body Balance C 0.05 3 Body Jam E 0.08333 5 Body Pump F 0.1 6 Body Step E 0.08333 5 Billiards B 0.0333 2 Bowling B 0.0333 2 Boxing, in ring, general I 0.15 9 Boxing, punching bag I 0.15 9 Boxing, sparring I 0.15 9 Canoeing F 0.1 6 *,. Carpentry, general D 0.0666 4 Carrying heavy loads, such D 0.0666 4 as bricks _________________ ______________________ ______________ Child care: standing-C 0.05 3 : dressing, feeding ______________ __________________ ____________ * Circuit training, general I 0.15 9 :: Cleaning, heavy, vigorous D 0.0666 4 effort ___________ _____________ _________ : Cleaning, house, general C 0.05 3 Coaching: football, soccer, H 0.1333 8 : basketball ______________ __________________ ____________ Construction work D 0.0666 4 Cooking or food preparation B 0.0333 2 Cricket (batting, bowling) E 0.08333 5 Croquet B 0.0333 2 Curling B 0.0333 2 Dancing, ballet or modern, D 0.0666 4 twist, ballroom ______________ __________________ ____________ Dancing, general C 0.05 3 Darts B 0.0333 2 Diving, springboard or H 0.1333 8 platform _______________ ___________________ ____________ Electrical work, plumbing D 0.0666 4 Farming, baling hay, D 0.0666 4 cleaning barn, shovelling ______________ __________________ ____________ Fencing D 0.0666 4 Fishing from boat, sitting B 0.0333 2 Fishing from river bank, C 0.05 3 standing ________________ ___________________ _____________ Fishing in stream, in waders C 0.05 3 Football 5-a-side H 0.1333 8 Football, competitive H 0.1333 8 Football, touch, flag, general H 0.1333 8 Frisbee G 0.1166 7 Feelfit exercise session D 0.0666 4 Gardening, general F 0.1 6 Golf, carrying clubs D 0.0666 4 Golf, pulling clubs D 0.0666 4 Gymnastics, general H 0.1333 8 Home Equipment Treadmill E 0.08333 5 work ______________ __________________ ___________ Handball, general H 0.1333 8 Handball, team H 0.1333 8 Health club exercise, general F 0.1 6 Hiking, cross country H 0.1333 8

Hockey, field I 0.15 9

Hockey, ice I 0.15 9 Horse grooming B 0.0333 2 Horse racing, galloping H 0.1333 8 Horseback riding, general H 0.1333 8 Horseback riding, trotting H 0.1333 8 Horseback riding, walking G 0.1166 7 :: Hunting, general H 0.1333 8 : Home Equipment treadmill F 0.1 6 * jqg/ Run ______________ __________________ ____________ Jogging, general F 0.1 6 :: Judo, karate, boxing, tae I 0.15 9 *. : kwando ____________ _______________ __________ * Kayaking F 0.1 6 Lacrosse H 0.1333 8 Home Equipment Cycle F 0.1 6 Upright ______________ __________________ ____________ Cycle Recumbent E 0.08333 5 Moto-cross I 0.15 9 Moving Furniture, household F 0.1 6 Home Equipment Mini C 0.05 3 Stepper ______________ __________________ ___________ Moving household items, F 0.1 6 carrying boxes _____________ _________________ ___________ Mowing lawn, general F 0.1 6 Home Equipment Gazelle D 0.0666 4 Home Equipment Whole G 0.1166 7 body Vibration ______________ __________________ ____________ Netball H 0.1333 8 Painting, papering, D 0.0666 4 plastering, scraping _______________ ___________________ ____________ Polo H 0.1333 8 Pushing or pulling stroller F 0.1 6 with child _______________ ___________________ ____________ Race walking E 0.08333 5 Racquetball1 competitive H 0.1333 8 Raking lawn D 0.0666 4 Rock climbing, ascending F 0.1 6 rock _______________ ___________________ ____________ Rock climbing, rappelling F 0.1 6 Rowing, stationary, light F 0.1 6 effort ___________ ______________ _________ Rowing, stationary, F 0.1 6 moderate effort ______________ __________________ ____________ Rowing, stationary, vigorous F 0.1 6 effort __________ _____________ _________ Rugby I 0.15 9 Running, 10 mph (6 mm F 0.1 6 mile) ______________ __________________ ____________ Running, 5 mph (12 mm F 0.1 6 . mile) _____________ _________________ ___________ :.:: Running, 6 mph (10 mm F 0.1 6 mile) ___________________ ________________________ ________________ Running, 6.7 mph (9 mm F 0.1 6 mile) __________________ _______________________ _______________ Running, 7.5 mph (8 mm F 0.1 6 **...

* * mile) ____________________ __________________________ _________________ Running, 8.6 mph (7 mm F 0.1 6 : mile) ______________ __________________ ____________ Running, 9 mph (6.5 mm F 0.1 6 *. .: mile) _________________ ______________________ ______________ Running, cross country F 0.1 6 Running, general F 0.1 6 Running, on spot F 0.1 6 Running, on a track F 0.1 6 Running, up stairs F 0.1 6 Sailing, boat/board, I 0.15 9 wmndsurfing, general ______________ ___________________ ____________ in competition I 0.15 9 Scrubbing floors, on hands D 0.0666 4 and knees ______________ _________________ ___________ Shovelling snow F 0.1 6 Skateboarding H 0.1333 8 Skating, ice E 0.08333 5 Skating, roller E 0.08333 5 Ski machine, general H 0.1333 8 Skiing, cross-country, >8.0 H 0.1333 8 mph, racing _______________ ___________________ _____________ Skiing, cross-country, H 0.1333 8 moderate effort ______________ __________________ ___________ Skiing, cross-country, slow H 0.1333 8 or light effort ______________ __________________ ___________ Skiing, cross-country, uphill H 0.1333 8 Skiing, snow, general H 0.1333 8 Skiing, water 1-1 0.1333 8 Skin diving, scuba diving, C 0.05 3 general ______________ __________________ ____________ Sledding, tobogganing, H 0.1333 8 bobsledding, luge ______________ __________________ ____________ Snorkelling C 0.05 3 Snow shoeing H 0.1333 8 Soccer, casual, general H 0.1333 8 Soccer, competitive H 0.1333 8 Softball or baseball, fast or H 0.1333 8 slow pitch ______________ __________________ ____________ Softball, officiating G 0.1166 7 Squash H 0.1333 8 Stair-treadmill ergometer, F 0.1 6 *.. general __________________ _______________________ _______________ Standing-packing/unpacking D 0.0666 4 boxes _______________ ___________________ _____________ Stretching B 0.0333 2 r Surfing, body or board I 0.15 9 * Sweeping D 0.0666 4 * ***** * . Swimming laps, freestyle, C 0.05 3 fast, vigorous effort ______________ ___________________ ____________ :: Swimming laps, freestyle, C 0.05 3 light/moderate effort ______________ __________________ ____________ * Swimming, leisurely, general C 0.05 3 Swimming, synchronised C 0.05 3 Swimming, treading water, C 0.05 3 fa st/vi go ro us ________________ _____________________ ______________ Swimming, treading water, C 0.05 3 moderate effort ______________ __________________ ____________ Table tennis, ping pong H 0.1333 8 Taichi B 0.0333 2 Teaching aerobics class H 0.1333 8 Tenni, doubles H 0.1333 8 Tennis, singles H 0.1333 8 Volleyball, beach H 0.1333 8 Volleyball, competitive, in H 0.1333 8 gymnasium ______________ _________________ ___________ Walk/run-playing with E 0.08333 5 children-moderate _______________ __________________ ____________ Walk/run-playing with E 0.08333 5 children-vigorous _______________ ___________________ ____________ Walking E 0.08333 5 Walking, walking dog E 0.08333 5 Walking, uphill E 0.08333 5 Walking, very brisk pace E 0.08333 5 Wii Games H 0.1333 8 Walking, grass track E 0.08333 5 Walking, upstairs E 0.08333 5 Wa[pg, using crutches E 9Q8333__ 5 _______ Yoga B 0.0333 2 Water aerobics, water D 0.0666 4 Water polo I 0.15 9 Water volleyball I 0.15 9 Weight lifting Machines E 0.08333 5 Weight lifting, Free weights F 0.1 6 White-water rafting, F 0.1 6 kayaking, or canoeing _______________ __________________ ____________

Table 4

* Exercise Name Feelfit Cardio Strength Flex _______________________ Index ______ ________ _____ : Aerobics, high impact 8 5 3 3 * Aerobics, low impact 5 4 3 3 :: Archery (non-hunting) 3 1 2 1 Automobile repair 3 1 3 2 : Backpacking 8 4 3 2 Badminton 5 4 3 2 ! Basketball, game 9 5 4 2 Basketball, officiating 8 4 3 2 Basketball, wheelchair 9 5 4 2 Bicycling < 10mph 8 4 3 1 Bicycling > 20mph (racing) 8 5 3 1 Body Attack 8 4 3 3 Body Balance 3 2 4 5 BodyJam 5 3 3 3 yPump 6 3 4 3 BodyStep 5 4 3 3 Billiards 2 1 1 1 Bowling 2 2 2 2 Boxing 9 5 5 3 Canoeing 6 3 3 2 Carpentry 4 2 3 2 Carrying heavy loads 4 2 3 1 Child care 3 1 2 1 Circuit training 9 5 4 2 Cleaning, house 3 1 1 1 Coaching -ball games 8 3 3 1 Construction work 4 2 3 1 Cricket 5 2 2 2 Croquet 2 1 1 1 Curling 2 2 2 2 Dancing 4 3 2 3 Darts 2 1 1 1 Diving 8 2 3 3 Electrical/plumbing 4 1 3 2 Farming 4 2 3 1 Fencing 4 2 3 1 Fishing, sitting 2 1 1 1 Fishing, standing 3 1 1 1 Football/Soccer 5 a side 8 4 3 2 Football/Soccer 8 4 3 2 Football/Soccer, officiating 8 3 2 2 Frisbee 7 2 2 2 Feelfit programme 10 3 3 3 Gardening, general 6 2 2 1 *. Golf, carrying clubs 3 2 2 1 . Golf, pulling clubs 3 2 2 1 * **s Gymnastics 8 4 4 5 Treadmill walk 5 3 2 2 * S. S S. * Handball 8 4 2 2 : Health club exercise 6 3 3 3 Hiking, cross country 8 4 3 2

: Hockey, field 9 4 3 2

Hockey, ice 9 5 4 2 : Horse grooming 2 1 2 2 Horseback riding 8 3 3 2 Treadmill jog/run 6 5 3 2 Jogging, general 6 4 3 2 Judo 9 4 4 4 Kayaking 6 3 3 2 Lacrosse 8 4 3 2 çycle Upright 6 4 3 1 CyclRecumbent 5 3 2 1 -14-Moto-cross 9 4 4 2 Mini Stepper 3 3 3 2 Moving household items 6 2 3 1 Mowing, lawn, general 6 2 2 1 Gazelle 4 3 2 2 Whole body vibration 7 2 4 3 Sex 6 3 3 3 Netball 8 4 3 2 DIY 4 2 2 2 Polo 8 4 3 2 Pushing or pulling pram 6 3 2 1 Race walking 5 5 2 2 Racquetball 8 4 3 2 Rock climbing, ascending 6 3 4 3 rock _________ ________ __________ _______ Rock climbing, rappelling 6 2 3 2 Rowing 6 2 3 2 Rugby 9 4 4 2 Sailing 9 3 3 2 Scrubbing floors 4 2 2 2 Shovelling snow 6 3 3 2 Skateboarding 8 3 3 2 Skating, ice 5 4 3 2 Skating, roller 5 4 3 2 Ski machine, general 8 4 3 2 Skiing 8 4 3 2 Water Skiing 8 3 3 2 Scuba diving 3 2 2 2 Sledding 8 3 3 2 * .* Snorkelling 3 3 2 2 Snowshoeing 8 4 4 2 S...

* * Softball/baseball 8 3 3 2 **S Softball, officiating 7 2 2 1 : Squash 8 4 3 2 * 0 Stairmaster 6 4 3 2 : Factory work 4 2 2 1 Stretching 2 1 3 5 : Surfing, body or board 9 4 3 2 Swimming laps 3 5 4 2 : Treading water 4 4 3 2 Table tennis/ping pong 8 3 3 2 Taichi 2 2 3 5 Teaching aerobics class 8 4 3 5 Tennis 8 4 3 3 Tree hugging 2 2 2 3 Tifleef 4 3 3 3 jyball, beach 8 4 3 3 Volleyball 8 4 3 2 Walking 5 3 2 2 Walking the dog 5 3 2 2 Wiisports 8 2 2 2 Yqga 2 2 4 5 Water aerobics, water 4 3 3 3 Water poio 9 5 4 3 Water volleyball 9 4 4 3 Weight lifting machines 5 3 4 2 Weight lifting 6 3 5 2 White-water rafting 6 4 4 2 Excessive eating 1 0 0 0 Eating after 10pm 1 0 0 0 Binge drinking 1 0 0 0 American football 9 4 4 2 Running 10-12 minute walk 6 3 2 2 Running 8-9 minute walk 7 4 2 2 Running 6-7 minute mile 8 5 3 2 Snow boarding 8 4 4 2 Step aerobics 5 4 3 3 Children's games 5 2 2 2 Karate 9 4 4 4 Kick boxing 9 4 4 4 Tae kwan-do 9 4 4 4 Kayaking 6 4 4 2 Canoeing 6 4 4 2 Breakdancing 7 4 4 4 Pilates 3 2 4 5 Pole dancing 6 3 5 5 * .. Body combat 5 4 3 2 " Cross trainer 4 3 3 3 * * *S..

A first aspect of the invention therefore provides a method of determining : the energy expenditure associated with any one particular type of physical : activity, the method comprising determining the activity components inherent to that activity, determining an activity category into which the activity falls, *.*...

* * determining the relative amount of energy expenditure associated with that *..: activity and assigning a points value thereto, whereby the "points" value associated with activities in that category is indicative of the level of energy expenditure associated with activities within that category characterised in that the activity categories consist of the following combination of activity components: (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components; (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components; (c) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; (e) weigth bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion components; (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components.

In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention there is provided a method of determining the energy expenditure associated with any one particular type of physical activity, the method comprising (i) categorising a range of activity components, whereby the activity components include non-weight bearing, weight bearing, stationary, non-impact, neutral, external load, full impact and propulsion components of activity; * ** (ii) qualitatively determining the relative energy expenditure associated with each component; * S....

* (iii) assigning a points value indicative of the qualitatively determined *... .5 * level of energy expenditure associated with each component; *.* * (iv) categorising a range of activity categories comprising one or more activity components, whereby the activity categories consist the following combination of activity components: (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components; (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components; Cc) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; (e) weight bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion components; (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components; (v) determining the relative energy expenditure associated with each activity category; (vi) determining the activity category into which the activity falls; and (vii) determining the relative energy expenditure associated with the chosen activity; characterised in that the relative amount of energy expenditure associated with the activity is determined through a summation of the points assigned to each activity component for the activity category into which the chosen activity falls. * ** * * * * ** S.. S

A determination of the points value associated with any one type of physical activity thus provides an indication of the amount of energy exertion inherent to that activity. The activity levels of an individual can therefore be * SSSSS * monitored merely by adding up the points associated with each activity they undertake. * *

* *: The inventors have established that in general an individual needs to expend a minimum amount of energy over a regular period of time in order to maintain a basic level of health and fitness. It will be appreciated that the amount of energy an individual needs to expend to maintain a minimum level of fitness will differ from person to person and will depend on amongst other things, the age, weight, body mass index, body type, exercise experience and exercise competence of the individual. This level of energy expenditure can be expressed as a points value and an individual must therefore accumulate a minimum number of points over a regular period (typically one week) in order to maintain basic levels of health and fitness.

The ability to determine the typical energy expenditure associated with any one type of physical activity (via the points value) facilitates an assessment as to whether the individual's current levels of activity are sufficient to meet their individual points target and if it appears that the individual's activity levels are insufficient to reach their individual points target the system can be used to help an individual choose an activity that will best help them to achieve their personal target thereby improving their fitness and well-being.

As indicated above, the category into which an individual activity falls depends on the combination of activity components that are inherent to that activity. The present inventors have determined that there are eight possible combinations of activity components and that each and every form of activity can be defined by one of the eight combinations of activity components. These eight combinations of activity components define the eight activity categories. It will be appreciated therefore that this novel classification system developed by the present inventor covers and categorizes all forms of activity. es's

In calculating the points associated with each activity category it will be appreciated that activity categories including components such as the weight **5*** * bearing, impact, external load and propulsion components which involve the 5.�**S * expenditure of more energy than the neutral, non-weight bearing and non- *..,. propulsion components of activity will have a higher points value. The points value assigned to any of the eight activity categories therefore depends upon the particular combination of activity components defining that category. An individual can therefore assess the relative benefit of any one particular activity merely by determining the points value associated with that activity. For example, Yoga is a non-weight bearing, stationary activity involving the expenditure of a small amount of energy and is assigned a points per hour value -19-S of 2. Squat thrusts have a weight bearing non-impact activity which does not involve propulsion and have a points per hour value of 3. A dumb bell or bar bell lift includes weight bearing, non-impact and external load components and is assigned a points value of 4 points per hour. Walking is characterised by components such as propulsion, weight bearing and non-impact and attracts a points value of 5 points an hour. Activities such as pushing a pram, canoeing or pushing a golf trolley involve the use of weight-bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion components and are assigned a points value of 6 points per hour. Aerobics is characterised by weight bearing and full impact components and is associated with a points value of 7 points per hour. Running or jogging includes weight-bearing, full-impact and propulsion components of activity and has a points value of 8 points per hour. Activities such as rugby or basketball involve weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components and have a points value of 9 points per hour. Further, and in addition, a personalised circuit training program such as the Feelfit� program described in our co-pending application can be associated with a points value of 10 points per hour.

A second aspect of the invention provides a method for comparing the energy expenditure associated with a first type of physical activity with that of a second type of physical activity, the method comprising determining the points .. value associated with the first physical activity in accordance with the first aspect of the invention; determining the points value associated with the second physical activity and comparing the points value associated with each activity. A * : higher points value is indicative of a greater degree of energy expenditure. The * S....

* * information generated by the method of the second aspect of the invention can be used to determine the activities that are most suitable for an individual to include in their daily routine, bearing in mind that it may be disadvantageous for them to exceed their target points value as well as to fall short of it. The ability to compare the energy expenditure of any one particular activity with that of any other therefore facilitates the formulation of an optimised activity regime.

A third aspect of the invention therefore provides a method for improving an activity regime for an individual, the method comprising the steps of:- (a) determining the energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expended relative to other physical activities; (C) identifying, a target number of points to be scored by an individual for whom the activity regime is formulated; and (d) formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target number of points for the individual.

The points value provides a qualitative assessment of the energy expenditure associated with any activity falling within that category. The method of the third aspect of the invention may also include the step of determining into which of eight activity categories ((a) to (h)) an activity can be placed, characterised in that the activity categories consist of the following combinations of activity components: (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components; *::: (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components; a...

*. (C) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; a *S �a..

* (e) weight bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion cmponents; *. *.** (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components.

The method of the third aspect of the invention may also include the steps of determining the current activity levels of the individual and/or assessing whether the current activity levels of the individual achieve their target points value. Preferably the third aspect of the invention also includes the step of determining the time available to the individual for undertaking an activity such that when the activity is undertaken for the time available, the individual accumulates a points value that is equivalent to or contributes to their target points value.

An individual's target points valve will differ from one person to another.

In general an individual could be assigned a points target of between 8 and 42 points per week. The actual points target is set as the result of an assessment questionnaire whereby that the points target is dependent upon, amongst other factors, the age, weight, body mass index, body type, exercise experience and exercise competence of the individual.

In formulating a program of physical activities for an individual it is preferable to take the health needs of the individual into consideration. If an individual has no particular health requirements the formulated program will include exercises that are beneficial to the strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function of an individual and which accrue sufficient points which allow the individual to achieve their target points value. If the individual has a requirement to improve either their strength, flexibility and/or cardiovascular function as a result of injury or illness, for example. The program will include a selection of activities which are designed to address the individual's health needs. For example an activity program for an individual recovering from a heart attack may include a greater number of activities that develop the individual's cardiovascular function.

In addition the activity program for a female aged over forty may include a greater proportion of activities designed to maintain the strength and muscle mass of the individual and to prevent the increasingly significant loss of bone density that is known to occur beyond this age.

Further and in a preferred embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, there is provided the steps of determining the extent to which the individual is complying with their activity regime and suggesting activities or combinations of activities that the individual could undertake in order to achieve their target. The suggested activities may include activities that the individual currently undertakes or activities that are related to those currently undertaken.

In a most preferred embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, there is included the step of monitoring the activities that the individual undertakes most regularly, marking these activities as preferred activities and suggesting activities or combinations of activities that are based on the individual's preferred activities or activities related to the individual's preferred activities. By the term "related activities" it should be understood to mean activities that include the same activity components as the preferred activities or activities that are undertaken in a similar environment to the environment in which the preferred activities are undertaken.

Typically, in accordance with the method of the third aspect of the invention an individual would be allocated a target points value as a result of an assessment, the target points value being representative of the amount of physical activity that an individual needs to undertake in order to achieve and maintain a certain level of physical fitness, bearing in mind the individual's weight, age, body mass index, body type, exercise history, exercise competence, personal preferences, health requirements and exercise enthusiasm. The nature of the assessment process is discussed in more detail below. Once a weekly *::::* points target is set the current activity levels of the individual are assessed to determine the extent to which these meet their pre-set weekly points target. An * **.** * assessment would then be made of their weekly schedule, for example, to :: determine how much time they have available for any additional physical activity. As a result of the assessment, one or more activities would then be *.*..S :. ; selected from the pre-determined activity categories, which when undertaken for * the scheduled period or periods would accrue for that individual a points value equivalent to their target points value or would contribute to it and would optionally address any specific health needs of the individual. Alternatively, where it is clear that the individual's current activity levels together with their preferred additional activities is insufficient to meet their pre-set points target, the system can suggest different combinations of activity types to the individual wherein each of the different combinations would assist the individual in meeting their weekly points target within the scheduled time. Preferably the activity combinations reflect the preferences of the individual and are best suited to their individual needs.

As an example of the third aspect of the invention, an individual may spend an hour a day walking to and from work on a regular basis. According to table 3, this activity falls within activity category E and accrues 5 points per day, which means that by the end of the week, an individual has accumulated 25 points merely by walking to and from work. If the individual has been set a target value of 37 points per week this means that they need to undertake an activity or combination of activities, which together provide another 12 points in order to reach their target points value. From the pre-determined exercise categories referred to above it can be seen that an additional 12 points can be accrued either by cycling or horse-riding (activities in category H) for an hour and a half a week. Points can also be accrued by undertaking activities such as gardening (category F) and housework (category C), for example. The ability to compare the relative physical benefits of different types of exercise helps an individual to decide which type of activity would be most beneficial for them to conveniently include into their weekly schedule. Thus, an individual can choose * ** activities that enable him to achieve a pre-set target points value within the time available. This enables an individual to achieve an improved bespoke fitness regime.

* ** *** * * Further as an example of the preferred embodiments of the third aspect of the invention the case of a 24 year old female living in a city environment is * * compared with that of a 24 year old male living in a semi suburban environment.

Based on the profiling step carried out on each of them, their target points value may be set at 30 points for a week. During the initial stage of their participation in their individual fitness regimes the female achieves her target points value by walking to work and attending exercise classes such as body pump and spinning at her local health club. The male achieves his target points value over the initial period by participating in activities such as five a side football, basketball and cycling. After the successful initial period each of them appears to fall short of their target points value. In order to rectify this situation they are each provided with suggestions as to the exercises or combinations of exercises that they need to undertake in order to achieve their target points va'ue. The suggested exercises or combinations of activities are based on their individual exercise histories. Thus the female will receive a suggestion that she undertakes a certain number of body pump or spinning classes to allow her to reach her target points value. Alternatively she can be provided with the suggestion that she undertake alternative activities that can be carried out in a gym environment since from her exercise history, this appears to be her preferred exercise environment.

Similarly the male may receive a suggestion as to how much cycling, basketball and/or football he needs to undertake to reach his target points value.

Alternatively his suggested "top up" exercise or exercise combination may include alternative team activities or out of door activities that it appears he enjoys from his exercise history.

In the event that the individual's exercise preferences change over time, this change will be monitored and in the event that the individual falls short of their target points value they will be provided with exercise or a combination of *:*:: exercises, which reflect their changed preferences.

* A fourth aspect of the invention provides a system for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual: *..I * * (a) means for determining the energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; ** *SS * * (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expended relative to any other physical activity; (c) means for identifying a target number of points to be scored by an individual for whom the activity regime is formulated; and (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual.

The system of the fourth aspect of the invention may also include means for determining into which of eight activity categories the activity can be placed characterised in that the activity categories are defined by a combination of activity components: (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components; (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components; (c) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; (e) weight bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion components; (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components.

In a further embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention, the system S.....

* : is also provided with means for communicating the target points value to an *..* * individual. Typically the means for communicating the target points value to the individual comprises a display screen, such as an interactive display screen.

*:*. Preferably the system of the fourth aspect of the invention also includes means for monitoring the number of points that the individual accumulates over a set period (typically a week).

In one embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention the means for formulating a program of physical activities for identifying a target points value to be scored by an individual includes means for assessing an individual.

The system may also include means for monitoring the points accrued by an individual over the activity period and means for communicating the points accrued to the individual. The system may also include means for assessing the current activity levels of the individual in terms of points per activity period; means for determining the time available to the individual for activity or additional activity; and means for scheduling the individual's current and additional activities into their weekly schedule. Further, the system can include means for monitoring the ease with which the individual meets their target points value and increasing or decreasing the target points value as appropriate.

In addition the system can include means for subtracting points in the event that the individual has made an unhealthy lifestyle choice at any point in the week.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention there is provided means for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual, the system comprising: (a) means for determining the relative energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; * ** * S S *::::* (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expenditure relative to any other physical activity; * (c) means for assessing an individual to identify a target number of points to be scored by the individual over an activity period, the time available to the individual within the activity period to score the target point number and the individual's preferences; (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual, the program of physical activities comprising one or a combination of physical activities which reflect the personal preferences and optionally health needs of the individual.

(e) means for monitoring completion of an activity and updating the points value accrued by an individual; (f) means for recording the activities completed and formulating an activity history; (g) communication means comprising means for congratulating an individual if they reach or exceed their target points value within the activity period and means for reformulating the fitness regime in the event that the individual fails to meet their target points value, and communicating the reformulated regime to the individual, the reformulation including means for determining the preferred activities of the individual from their activity history and formulating a fitness regime based on the activities or types of activities most often completed by the individual.

The means for determining the relative energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities may include database means including a definition of **,* each of the eight activity categories, each category being assigned a grade which qualitatively reflects the relative amount of energy expenditure associated with activities having the combination of activity components defined by that r' category compared with activities falling within any other category. The relative energy expenditure for any activity may be determined by specifying the activity components inherent to that activity. The system then classifies the activity a...

* according to the combination of input components entered and assigns a grade *..: thereto, which qualitatively reflects the relative amount of energy expenditure associated with that activity. Alternatively the means for determining the relative energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities comprises a database including a list of activities, the activity category into which each activity falls together with a qualitative indication (in terms of assigned grade) of the relative amount of energy expenditure associated with that activity. The determination of the relative amount of energy expenditure associated with any particular activity can readily be established by accessing the database; selecting the activity and establishing from the database the activity category into which the activity falls together with the grade which qualitatively reflects the amount of energy expenditure associated with that activity.

The means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expenditure for that activity relative to any other physical activity may also comprise a database. From their qualitative analysis of the relative amount of energy expenditure associated with each category the present inventors have quantified these relative amounts through the formulation of a points system whereby each activity category is assigned a points value dependent on the combination of activity components defining that category.

Using this system an activity falling within category B is assigned a points value of 0.0333 points per minute or 2 points per hour. An activity falling within category C is assigned a points value of 0.05 points per minute or 3 points per hour. An activity falling within category D is assigned a points value of 0.0666 points per minute or 4 points per hour. An activity falling within category E is assigned a points value of 0.0833 points per minute or 5 points per hour. An activity falling within category F is assigned a points value of 0.1 points per * ** minute or 6 points per hour. An activity falling within category C is assigned a points value of 0.1166 points per minute or 7 points per hour. An activity falling within category H is assigned a points value of 0.1333 points per minute or 8 * **. .e * : points per hour. An activity falling within category I is assigned a points value of I. * 0.15 points per minute or 9 points per hour. The assigned points value provides a qualitative estimate of the amount of energy expenditure associated with an activity falling within one category compared to an activity in any other category. For example it will be appreciated that an activity in category F will involve the expenditure of twice the amount of energy compared to any activity within category C. The means for assigning a points value to a physical activity can be determined either with reference to the activity category into which the activity falls or by extracting the points value associated with the relevant activity in the database from the database.

As indicated previously, the means for identifying a target number of points to be scored by an individual for whom the activity regime is formulated includes assessment means. Typically the system will provide the individual with an assessment questionnaire, which requires the individual to provide the system with information regarding their age, gender, weight, body mass index, body type and general level of health. Preferably the individual is also required to provide the system with information regarding their activity (exercise) history as well as their activity preferences and activity (exercise) competence. Using the individual's input as parameters for formulating the fitness regime, the system initially identifies a target points value for the individual for whom the regime is being formulated and then formulates a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value, the selected activities being reflective of the exercise preferences of the individual. Preferably the system also schedules the individual activities for times that are established by the system as being convenient for undertaking exercise In formulating a program of physical activities for an individual the system is preferably designed to take the health needs of the individual into consideration. If an individual has no particular health requirements the S.....

* formulated program will include exercises that are beneficial to the strength, 05.5.

* flexibility and cardiovascular function of the individual and which accrue sufficient points to allow the individual to achieve their target points value. If *:*. the individual has any specific health needs which require them to focus on improving any of their strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function (as a result of injury or illness, for example) the system will select for the individual activities which are designed to address the specific health needs of the individual (as well as achieve their target points value). For example the system will typically select activities which are known to improve cardiac function for individuals recovering from heart attacks or surgery.

In addition the system will typically include a larger proportion of activities which are designed to maintain the strength and muscle mass of an individual female aged over forty to reduce the increasingly significant loss of bone density that is known to occur beyond this age. The system therefore formulates activity programs which help an individual reach a minimum level of activity and which also take the individual's health needs into consideration.

It will be appreciated that the system provides an automated way of formulating a fitness regime for an individual. The individual's account is managed by an automated content management system, which formulates the initial fitness regime for an individual optionally taking the individual's health requirements into consideration and then constantly monitors the individual's progress recording whether the individual is able to achieve their target points value on a regular basis and the activities that the individual completes on a most regular basis. In effect the system learns the trends and habits of the individual and as a result of the information accumulated builds a picture of the activities that the individual is most likely to accept in order to achieve their target points value over the activity period. If (as is usually the case) the system monitors the points accrued on a weekly basis, and if it appears that an individual still has more than 20% of their target points value to achieve with only two days left to go, the system automatically generates suggestions as to I. how the individual can accumulate their remaining points.

S

*..IS.

* For example, if an individual typically profiles as having a preference for *.S*** * gym based activities the system will send the individual a suggested reformulated activity regime which includes gym based activities identical or similar to those that the individual usually undertakes and which if completed would accumulate enough points to enable the individual to reach their weekly target. If an individual demonstrated a greater interest in out of door activities then the reformulated suggested routine would mainly include out of door activities. The system may also include a link to a weather forecast for the individual's area and may reformulate their fitness regime to take into account the expected weather conditions.

The accumulation of points is usually assessed over an activity period of one week. However, other time periods can be used for assessment if desired.

However assessment over a weekly period is convenient and has been found to be the most effective period of assessment in helping an individual keep to their fitness regime.

The system is suitably embodied in a computer that either includes a pre-loaded program or a program that is accessible via the internet. The system will typically be accessed on-line via the website of the relevant provider of the fitness regime service (hereinafter known as the service provider). An individual would therefore initially access the relevant home page of the service provider and would register to use the fitness regime service. Registration may require the payment of a fee or may require that the individual consent to the payment of a regular subscription after an initial trial period. The system may, therefore, optionally include the relevant security measures to allow an on-line payment or subscription to be easily made.

Once the initial registration is complete, the individual would then be required to complete an on-line assessment questionnaire (assessment means) which requires the individual to provide information relevant to an assessment of . their general level of health and fitness. As indicated above an individual's ... target points value is set as a result of an assessment of information such as their age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, body type, general health, S.....

* any specific health issues, current levels of activity, attitude to exercise, exercise * history, exercise competence preferred types of activity and time available to undertake activity for example. Preferably the questionnaire is usually in the form of a two level questionnaire in which the individual is initially asked questions relevant to their suitability for exercise. In particular the initial stage of assessment is carried out to ascertain whether the individual is under rehabilitation and/or medical management or whether they have recently sustained any injuries or are taking any form of medication. Once the individuaVs suitability for exercise has been established the second part of the questionnaire is used to assess the attitude of the individual to exercise. This second part of the assessment process includes a series of questions in which the individual grades themselves on their attitude to their body, mind, time they are able to devote to exercise, previous exercise experience, their emotional well-being and their perceived potential. The individual's response is preferably graded, for example being on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents a poor or negative attitude and 5 represents a good or positive attitude. Other grading systems known to a person skilled in the art (eg A to E) may also be used.

Once the system has been provided with all the relevant information, it then identifies a target points value for the individual and optionally displays this on the screen (thereby communicating a target points value to an individual). In one embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention, if the target points value has been communicated to the individual he or she is provided access to another screen, which screen includes an interactive calendar display to help them to assess how many points they would typically accumulate from undertaking one or a combination of their usual activities on a regular basis. Using this information the preferred additional activities of the user can be scheduled into the calendar at a time that is convenient to them. The interactive calendar screen may therefore provide means for determining the time available to the individual for activity. Together with the means for indicating energy expenditure it also provides means for the current activity levels of the individual to be assessed. I...

Once a user has completed an activity, this can be ticked off on their e.*...

* calendar screen thereby indicating that they have completed the activity in * question. The system will then register the points that they have accumulated : from completing that activity and will optionally display the points accumulated on the screen. Alternatively or in addition, the system can recalculate the remaining number of points that the individual needs to accumulate in order to achieve their target points value after the completion of each activity. In this way the individual's progress towards their target points value can be monitored.

Suitably the system also includes a data base of activities including the points value associated with each and optionally the effect that each exercise has on the strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function of an individual. The -33-.

database therefore provides means for qualitatively indicating the energy expenditure associated with any particular activity. Using the database the system is able to calculate and display the number of points that an individual could accrue through undertaking a selected activity for a chosen period of time and the relative benefits that the exercise has on the individual in relation to their strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function. If the activity and the chosen duration accords with the individual's requirements, this event can be optionally scheduled into their calendar. Using the database and the scheduling facility it is possible to both determine the number of points that can be accumulated from undertaking each individual activity and to also enter each activity into their schedule. Optionally and as indicated above once an activity has been completed, the completion of this activity can be registered and the system then calculates and displays the number of points that the individual has accumulated as a result. Preferably where the individual has already completed a number of previous activities, the system calculates the points accumulated from the most recently completed activity and adds these points to the points already accumulated from completion of the previous activities. In this way the system is able to provide a display of the running points total that an individual has accumulated over the target period. * .* * S *

Suitably the database includes a list of each activity together with the activity category into which each falls, the points value associated with each : activity (in terms of points per minute and points per hour) and optionally, the effect that each exercise has on the strength, flexibility and/or cardiovascular function of an individual. The points value and assigned category identifier for each listed activity is determined from an analysis of the activity components : inherent to that activity. It is apparent, therefore, that the database represents the embodiment of the analyses undertaken by the present inventor of the activity components inherent to each exercise listed together with a qualitative determination of the levels of energy expenditure associated with each and optionally the relative health benefits of each exercise. The database therefore provides the means whereby the energy expenditure associated with any form of activity can be determined.

In one embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention there may also be provided a personal electronic device for replacing or augmenting the system of the fourth aspect of the invention. The device can be in the form of a hand held calculator, for example and includes in a preferred embodiment means for indicating the energy expenditure associated with any particular activity.

Suitably the indicating means comprises a database of the type discussed above, which is electronically stored and can be used by the calculator to determine the accruable points associated with a selected activity type when undertaken for a set period of time. The calculator preferably comprises one or more of input means to allow an individual to select an activity type and the duration for which the activity is to be undertaken, means for indicating the energy expenditure associated with (points accumulated from) the chosen activity, means for calculating the points accrued from the activity event and display means for indicating to an individual the qualitative amount of energy expended (number of points accrued) as a result of the activity event. The calculator may optionally also include scheduling means to allow an individual to schedule a particular exercise event into their diary. Preferably the scheduling means includes means for registering the completion of an exercise event.

The calculator may optionally be provided with means, which allows an individual to download the scheduling information and/or their event completion data to a memory stick. Alternatively or in addition, the calculator may be :h provided with a wireless transmitter and/or receiver to facilitate the transmission and download of information to and from the individual's own page of the service provider's website. This allows the individual to update their individual details :: remotely on a regular basis. Provision may also be made to allow an individual : to download their individual details from their "web page" to their calculator to allow an individual to monitor their progress over the activity period.

The system or personal electronic device of the fourth aspect of the invention relies for its operation on a computer program which controls its various functions. A fifth aspect of the invention provides a computer program loaded on a data carrier for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual comprising: (a) means for determining the energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expended relative to any other physical activity; (c) means for identifying a target number of points to be scored by an individual for whom the activity regime is formulated; and (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual.

The program of the fifth aspect of the invention may also include means for determining into which of eight activity categories ((a) to (h)) the activity can be placed characterised in that the activity categories are defined by the following combination of activity components: (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components; (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components; (c) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; (e) weight bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion 0***** * components; (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load corn pon ents.

In a further embodiment of the fifth aspect of the invention, the program is also provided with means for communicating the target points value to an individual. Typically the means for communicating the target points value to the individual comprises a display screen, such as an interactive display screen.

Preferably the program of the fifth aspect of the invention also includes means for monitoring the number of points that the individual accumulates over a period (typically a week).

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the fifth aspect of the invention there is provided means for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual, comprising: (a) means for determining the relative energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expenditure relative to any other physical activity; (c) means for assessing an individual to identify a target number of points to be scored by the individual over an activity period, the time available to the individual within the activity period to score the target point number and the individual's preference; (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual, the program of physical activities comprising one or a combination of physical activities which reflect the personal * preferences and optionally health needs of the individual; * (e) means for monitoring completion of an activity and updating the points value accrued by an individual; *.*...

* (f) means for recording the activities completed and formulating an ****** * * activity history; (g) communication means comprising means for congratulating an *:*. individual if they reach or exceed their target points value within the activity period and means for reformulating the fitness regime in the event that the individual fails to meet their target points value, and communicating the reformulated regime to the individual, the reformulation including means for determining the preferred activities of the individual from their activity history and formulating a fitness regime based on the activities or types of activities most often completed by the individual.

In one embodiment of the fifth aspect of the invention the computer program includes input means whereby an individual can select a particular activity, means for accessing a database and means for selecting the data associated with each activity, means for calculating the points accrued from each activity event and means for displaying the points accrued. In a further embodiment there is also included in the program database means which includes categorising information and/or points value associated with each activity and optionally information indicating the effect that each exercise has on the strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function of an individual. In a still further embodiment the computer program is also provided with scheduling means to allow an individual to schedule each and every activity they undertake.

The computer program may also be provided with means for monitoring the completion of each scheduled event, displaying the points accrued from each event and displaying the total points accrued over a pre-set period.

Although the computer program is preferably loaded onto the computer or hand held calculator it may also be loaded onto another portable electronic device such as a Blackberry� type device or a mobile phone. It will be * appreciated that irrespective of whether the computer program is loaded onto a computer, calculator, Blackberry� or mobile phone its embodiment in each of these devices provides a readily accessible route whereby an individual can obtain information regarding the relative physical benefits of any particular form :: of activity to them. The information obtainable via the medium of the computer program according to the fifth aspect of the invention allows an individual to make informed choices in choosing activities that most benefit their overall health and weJJ-being. It will be appreciated that an individual will be able to make a quick and easy decision on which activities to undertake merely by assessing the accruable points value from a chosen activity event.

A sixth aspect of the invention provides a computer program for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual, the program comprising: (a) means for determining the energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expended relative to any other physical activity; (c) means for identifying a target number of points to be scored by an individual for whom the activity regime is formulated; and (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual.

The program of the sixth aspect of the invention may also include means for determining into which of eight activity categories ((a) to (h)) the activity can be placed characterised in that categories are defined by a combination of activity components: (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components; (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components; (c) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; (e) weight bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion components; (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; * (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and * * (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components. **** * * I. * * * *

* In a further embodiment of the sixth aspect of the invention, the program is also provided with means for communicating the target points value to an individual. Typically the means for communicating the target points value to the individual comprises a display screen, such as an interactive display screen.

Preferably the program of the sixth aspect of the invention also includes means for monitoring the number of points that the individual accumulates over a period (typically a week).

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the sixth aspect of the invention there is provided means for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual, the system comprising: (a) means for determining the relative energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expenditure relative to any other physical activity; (c) means for assessing an individual to identify a target number of points to be scored by the individual over an activity period, the time available to the individual within the activity period to score the target point number and the individual's preference; (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual, the program of physical activities comprising one or a combination of physical activities which reflect the personal preferences and optionally the health needs of the individual; (e) means for monitoring completion of an activity and updating the points value accrued by an individual; (f) means for recording the activities completed and formulating an activity history; * (g) communication means comprising means for congratulating an individual if they reach or exceed their target points value within the activity period and means for reformulating the fitness regime *:*. in the event that the individual fails to meet their target points value, and communicating the reformulated regime to the individual, the reformulation including means for determining the preferred activities of the individual from their activity history and formulating a fitness regime based on the activities or types of activities most often completed by the individual.

In one embodiment of the sixth aspect of the invention the computer program includes input means whereby an individual can select a particular activity, means for accessing a database and means for selecting the data associated with each activity, means for calculating the points accrued from each activity event and means for displaying the points accrued. In a further embodiment there is also included in the program database means which includes categorising information and/or points value associated with each activity and optionally information indicating the effects that each exercise has on the strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function of an individual. In a still further embodiment the computer program is also provided with scheduling means to allow an individual to schedule each and every activity they undertake.

It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the methods and the system of the present invention are based on the observation by the present inventors that each and every type of activity can be defined by one of eight exercise category types and that each category is associated with the expenditure of *::: different amounts of physical energy depending upon the activity components inherent to that exercise category. Each exercise category is then assigned a points value reflective of its associated energy expenditure, the level of the * : points value being reflective of the amount of energy expenditure. In order that I.....

* this information can be easily accessed by a user, be it via a computer program or by the individual, the information indicating the points value (and therefore amount of energy expenditure) associated with each activity type has been formed into a database that can be accessed by the user. A seventh aspect of the invention therefore provides a database, the database comprising information categorising each activity into one of eight activity categories and information indicating the points value (and level of energy expenditure) associated with each activity category and therefore each activity type. A user or individual can therefore use the information embodied in the database to assess the relative benefits of any one physical activity compared to any other and to make informed decisions regarding their choice of exercise thereby to improve their fitness and well-being and to help them formulate an improved exercise regime. In a preferred embodiment of the seventh aspect of the invention the database also includes information indicating the effect that each exercise has on the strength, flexibility and cardiovascular function of an individual. The information provided by the database can be used by the system to formulate an activity program which helps an individual to achieve a minimum level activity, wherein the selection of activities is dependent on the specific health requirements of the individual.

It will be appreciated that the methods and apparatus according to the present invention can also be used in conjunction with a circuit training program such as the Feelfit program the formulation of which is described in the inventors co-pending application.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The following examples merely illustrate embodiments of the invention. It will of course.be understood that many variations may be made to the embodiments in the light of the foregoing description without departing from the * IS scope of the present invention. S... * a S...

EXAMPLE 1

* The following example describes a preferred embodiment of the system to :: the fourth aspect of the invention. Suitably the system is accessed on line via the Internet. The user initially accesses the home page of the service provider.

The home page provides the user with a number of options. However, before the user can access the system it is necessary to register their details. This is achieved by selecting the appropriate option provided on the home page and entering their personal details. Typically the system requires information regarding the individual's name, address, age and gender. A system providing a fitness regime according to the fourth aspect of the invention is usually chargeable and the registration process will generally require that the user provide the system with details, which authorise the service provider to debit a regular subscription from the user, be it via a bank direct debit or via the users credit card facilities. However, the user is preferably given a free trial period upon registration to allow them to assess the benefits of the system. Once the initial trial period is completed payment will be extracted from the user, Once the user has completed the registration period, they are then allowed access to the assessment questionnaire so that an assessment of an individual's suitability for exercise can be assessed. The assessment comprises a two-part on-line questionnaire in which the individual is initially required to provide information in response to questions regarding their age, gender, weight, general level of health and fitness. In this way the system is able to determine the suitability of the individual for exercise. In particular the initial stage of assessment is undertaken to establish whether the individual is under any form of rehabilitation in relation to a medical condition, whether the individual has recently sustained any injuries or whether they are taking any medication for a chronic condition. If the system considers that there are no risks for individuals in taking exercise, the individual user is then allowed access to the second part of the questionnaire. If the individual's response provides cause for concern, the system informs the individual that they must either wait until an injury has repaired, for example, or seek a doctor's advice regarding their suitability for exercise. The system may, for example, require a doctor's letter confirming the suitability of the individual for exercise before they are allowed to continue.

The second part of the assessment questionnaire comprises a series of :: questions in which the individual grades him or herself on aspects of their mental attitude. In particular the individual is asked to grade his or herself on, :. ; amongst other things, their attitude to their body, their attitude to their mind, * the time they are able to devote to exercise, previous exercise experience, their emotional well-being and their perceived potential. The individual's response is preferably graded on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents a poor or negative attitude and 5 represents a good or positive attitude.

Once the individual user has completed all the relevant questions, the system then calculates a target points value for that individual and displays this on the screen. The target points value represents the minimum amount of energy that the individual must expend on a weekly basis in order to maintain a minimum level of fitness.

Once the individual has established their points target, they can use the system to help them to decide what activities they must undertake on a weekly basis in order to reach their target. In this respect the individual is provided access to a further screen including an interactive calendar display. The screen preferably includes further tabs to allow an individual to assess the number of points associated with any particular activity and to optionally schedule the activity for a particular day. In this respect, the tabs provide the user to select the type of activity they wish to undertake selected from a healthy, an unhealthy or a dedicated exercise program devised by the system. The healthy events are further classified as household, lifestyle, at work, exercise or sport. The unhealthy events are further classified as excessive eating, binge drinking and eating after 10pm.

In most instances an individual will select one of the categories classified as a healthy event. They are then provided with a further option to allow them to select a particular activity falling with the chosen category. For example, an individual who has spent the morning walking to and from their local shopping centre may select the "walking" activity from either the exercise or lifestyle categories. Once the activity type has been selected the screen then requires . the user to input the length of time for which the activity is to be undertaken. a...

Once the duration of the activity has been specified the user can then request a.....

* * the system to calculate the number of points that they would accumulate from undertaking that activity. The screen also includes a tab to allow the user to schedule the date on which they intend to undertake their chosen activity (or on **....

which the activity was undertaken in the event that the user is completing their * schedule retrospectively).

The interactive calendar (or planner) screen also includes information highlighting the target points value for the individual together with a running total of the points accrued by the individual as they complete their scheduled activities. In this respect, the pending activities are both scheduled in the calendar and held in a list until they are completed. Once completed they are removed from the pending list and a record of the completed activity remains in the calendar. If the activity is not completed for some reason, the user "crosses" the activity to indicate that it was not completed and the activity is removed both from the pending list and the calendar.

The planner screen can therefore be used by an individual to assess the typical number of points that they would typically accrue over the period of a week. The planner screen also allows an individual to determine the number of points that could be accrued by undertaking any one or a combination of activities listed by the system. In this way the user can use the system to help them to choose activities, which when undertaken for an available period of time allows the individual to achieve their target points value.

EXAMPLE 2

The following example describes the way that an individual can use the system and methods of the present invention in order to monitor their individual levels of activity and make informed decisions regarding their choice of physical activity. The following examples monitor the activity levels of individuals on a weekly basis. It will, of course, be appreciated that activity levels (points monitoring) can be assessed over different time periods, such as over the period of four or five days or over a month. In any event an individual will suitably . schedule each activity into their personal calendar either before or after the event, tick the event off once completed and monitor the points accrued as a * S. 515 * * result of their activities. *

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* Take, as an initial example, a young mother. She may start the week by S.....

deciding to walk around the park for an hour in the morning because it is a * sunny day. Since walking falls within activity category F, this activity accrues 6 points for an hour and she accumulates 6 points. If, later in the day she chooses to take her baby swimming for 30 minutes and play with the baby in the garden for 45 minutes, these activities would accrue points values of 11/2 points and 3� points respectively since these activities fall within activity category C and F respectively. This means that even before she undertakes activities associated with housework and food preparation (which also accrue points) she has already accumulated 111/4 points for a single day.

The following day she may be sedentary for part of the day and may therefore decide to go jogging for an hour in the evening since this activity falls within category F, which accumulates 6 points. On the third day she may choose to attend a 45 minute aerobics class which accrues a further 6 points for her as aerobics falls within exercise category G. Circumstances such as poor weather or prior commitments may prevent her from undertaking any form of physical activity or exercise on the fourth day, which means that she will not earn any points that day.

On the fifth day she may decide to attend a 45 minute body step class in the morning which accrues 4 points as body step falls within exercise category E. In the afternoon, she may decide to go shopping and spends 2/2 hours walking around the shops with a pushchair. Since this activity falls within category F, she will accrue 15 points from merely pushing the pushchair around the shopping centre.

On the sixth day she may undertake 90 minutes of gardening in the *. morning, which accrues 9 points since gardening falls within category F. She may then choose to walk on her treadmill for 30 minutes after her children have * gone to bed, which accrues a further 21/2 points as this activity falls within * * category E. *.*S�S * On the seventh day the family may decide to go on an hour and a half * bicycle ride. This will cumulate a further 12 points as cycling falls within activity category H. It will therefore be seen that even before activities such as housework or food preparations have been included in her weekly schedule, she has managed to accrue almost 65 points.

Each of the activities referred to above can be entered onto her individual schedule and "ticked off" once they are completed. The system can then register completion of each scheduled activity and can display the number of points that she has accumulated over the week. The system can therefore be used to help an individual assess and monitor their personal levels of physical activity on a regular basis thereby enabling an individual to improve their overall fitness levels and well-being.

EXAMPLE 3

The scheduling aspects of the methods and systems of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 1. An individual, having been assigned a target points value accesses the system and selects at (1) an activity event type. The activity event can be a healthy event (2) such as jogging, an unhealthy event (3) such as binge drinking or a personalised circuit training program (4) such as described in our co-pending patent application. If the individual selects a healthy event they are then required to specify the nature of the healthy event (5), that is the particular activity that they choose to undertake as well as the time for which they intend to undertake the activity. The system then calculates the total number of points that the individual would accrue as a result of this **:* activity and displays them on a screen (7). If the individual considers that the I... . *. points accrued contributes adequately to their points target he or she can then store and schedule the selected event for a particular date (8).

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* Similarly if an individual registers an unhealthy event, the nature of the :: unhealthy event must be identified (9) and the points lost as a result of the unhealthy event can be displayed (7) and stored (8) as before.

: Further if a personalised circuit training program has been formulated for * an individual this will inherently be associated with a predetermined points value and the selection of this activity will automatically display the associated points value at (7) and will subsequently store and schedule this event for a selected date at (8) upon the instructor of the individual.

It can therefore be seen that the scheduler of Figure 1, allows the individual to assess the impact that each activity has on their progress to their Target points value.

EXAMPLE 4

Figure 2 illustrates how the points system of the present invention can be used in conjunction with the formulation of a circuit training regime such as the one described in the inventors co-pending application.

Figure 2 illustrates the steps employed by the system in formulating an exercise routine for an individual. Upon accessing the system at (1) the user is required to enter personal information to include their height (2), their weight (3), and their body type or image (4). Information regarding their body type is determined by requiring the individual to select a body image, which they consider most closely corresponds to their own form a series of images provided by the system. Using the information provided the system calculates the body mass index (5). The user can optionally (and in addition) upload a photograph of themselves to the system (6). Once the user's personal information has been provided, the system registers the provision of the relevant information and the time and date that the information has been provided (7). This completes the first level of an assessment questionnaire that the user is required to complete * before he or she can use the system. The system then provides the user with a series of lifestyle questions (9) to generate a lifestyle profile (8), which require ** *°* the user to grade themselves on a level of 1 to 5 aspects such as their attitude to exercise, their own body image, etc, where 1 represents a low score and 5 represents a high score (10). In response to the users answers to the lifestyle questions, the system generates a series of trigger responses (11) which are s:h stored by the system (12). From the answers provided by the user and the *:*. information provided by the system, the system calculates a weekly activity points target for an individual (13) whereby the target points value provides a qualitative indication of the minimum amount of energy expenditure that an individual needs to undertake on a regular basis in order to maintain a basic level of fitness. As will be evident from Figure 2, the target points value is typically set at a value of between 8 and 42 points and is dependent in large part on the trigger responses generated by the system in response to the lifestyle questions. In essence the systems calculates a basic value "X" (14) from the trigger responses provided by the system. This value "X" is manipulated to generate a basic points value "Y" (15) which reflects the minimum amount of energy expenditure that the system calculates for the individual based on their responses to the lifestyle questions. The basic points value may then be further adjusted (16) to take into account the body type of the individual. If the individual profiles as being a large individual having a large amount of muscle, the target points value will be increased by a value of 2. If the individual profiles as being a relatively normal sized individual having a slightly average amount of muscle the target points value will be increased by 1.

For normal sized individuals having an average amount of muscle (muscle density) and for slight individuals having an above average muscle density there will be no change to the target points value. The target points value will typically be reduced by 1 for slight individuals having a normal or below average muscle density and by 2 for large individuals having a low muscle density and a relatively higher proportion of fat (17). The final target points value is stored by the system and can be used as the basis for formulating an activity regime for an individual as described in our co-pending application whereby the energy expenditure associated with any one type of activity is qualitatively formulated in *.. terms of a points value and an exercise regime is formulated for the individual which includes activities or combinations of activities, which when completed meet or contribute to the target points value allocated to the individual. S... * S

The system then goes on to generate an exercise routine for an individual * using as parameter sets the information provided by the user for calculating the * target points value; the personal needs and requirements of the individual and * the nature of the equipment (if any) available to the individual.

The user is therefore required to specify any equipment that is available to them for exercise (18). This information is stored by the system (19). The user is then required to specify any muscle groups that they wish to exercise (20) and any muscle groups that should be avoided (21) being exercised (due to injury, for example). These requirements are then stored by the system (22).

The system then proceeds to formulate an exercise routine using the stored information together with the target points value allocated to the individual, Thus if an individual specifies that they wish to particularly exercise their shoulder and chest muscles and avoid working their hamstring the system will formulate a list of all possible exercises for inclusion in an exercise routine (23) bearing in mind the equipment available to the individual and which includes a greater proportion of exercises that involve the chest and should muscles, a number of other exercises which involve the other muscle groups of the body but which exclude the hamstring muscles. The number of repetitions that an individual will be required to do will depend on part of the target points value allocate to the individual by the system. Once a list of possible exercises that are suitable for the individual have been generated (24) the system then formulates an exercise routine (25) which includes at least two sets of exercises that require the muscles of the middle body (26) at least two sets of exercises which require the muscles of the lower body (27) and more than two sets of exercises which require the muscles of the upper body (28) the remaining exercise sets are selected from exercises which require muscles of either the upper, middle or lower body (29) and which avoid the hamstring muscles. Once the exercises for the exercise program have been selected, the exercises are re- ordered (30) to provide a series of exercises, which when carried out in order *. work the muscles of the upper, middle and lower body sequentially and which avoid repetitive use of the same muscles in succession (31). The system then * calculates the number of times that each exercise must be repeated using the ***,** I individual s allocated points value (32). Thus if an individual is allocated a target points value of 29, it will be seen that they will be required to complete the : exercise routine either 2 or 3 times, depending upon the intensity at which they * are exercising (stability (1); strength (2) or power (3)). Thus it can be seen that an individual having a target points value of 29 points will be required to complete ten repetitions of each exercise in the exercise routine (33). If the individual completes the exercise routine twice, this will accrue a points value of points. If three routines are completed this will accrue 10 points. The formulated program is then stored by the system (34) and can be accessed by the user as appropriate. The user can register their completion of the exercise routine with the system, which will automatically calculate the energy expended by the individual (in terms of points) as a result of completing the exercise routine. The accumulated points value is then offset against the weekly target points value allocated to the individual.

The exercise routine is typically updated on a regular basis to provide the user with different sets of exercises, which address the needs of the user and which progress the user as their exercise experience and competence increases.

Of course, if the needs of the user change, this must be entered into the system and a new exercise routine will be calculated, which reflects these changed needs. In particular the system reviews the exercise routine to determine if an exercise has been present in the exercise routine for more than six weeks, and if so the system replaces that exercise with alternative exercises which requires the use of the same or substantially similar muscle groups. * IL I. * * II Is.. * S * Is.

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Claims

CLAIMS1. A method of determining the energy expenditure associated with any one particular type of physical activity, the method comprising (i) categorising a range of activity components, whereby the activity components include non-weight bearing, weight bearing, stationary, non-impact, neutral, external load, full impact and propulsion components of activity; (ii) qualitatively determining the relative energy expenditure associated with each component; (iii) assigning a points value indicative of the qualitatively determined level of energy expenditure associated with each component; (iv) categorising a range of activity categories comprising one or more activity components, whereby the activity categories consist the following combination of activity components: (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components;S*5SS*S * (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components;S(c) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; (e) weight bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion components; (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components; (v) determining the relative energy expenditure associated with each activity category; (vi) determining the activity category into which the activity falls; and (vii) determining the relative energy expenditure associated with the chosen activity; characterised in that the relative amount of energy expenditure associated with the activity is determined through a summation of the points assigned to each activity component for the activity category into which the chosen activity falls.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the points value is reflective of the combination of physical components inherent to each category type.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein activity category (a) is assigned a points per hour value of 2.
4. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein activity category (b) is *:*::* assigned a points per hour value of 3.
5. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein activity category (c) is * assigned a points per hour value of 4.

*** *** * * :
6. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein activity category (d) is assigned a points per hour value of 5.

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7. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein activity category (e) is assigned a points per hour value of 6.
8. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein activity category (f) is assigned a points per hour value of 7.
9. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein activity category (g) is assigned a points per hour value of 8.
10. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein activity category (h) is assigned a points per hour value of 9.
11. A method for comparing the energy expenditure associated with a first type of physical activity with that of a second type of physical activity, the method comprising determining the points value associated with the first physical activity according to any one of claims 1 to 10; determining the points value associated with the second physical activity and comparing the points value associated with each activity.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein a higher points value is associated (qualitatively) with a greater degree of energy expenditure.
13. A method for improving an activity regime for an individual, the method comprising the steps of:- (a) determining the energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expended relative to other physical activities; (c) identifying a target number of points to be scored by an individual * for whom the activity regime is formulated; and *..*I* * S (d) formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target number of *5*S*a points for the individual.
14. A method according to claim 13, which further includes the step of determining which of eight exercise categories ((a) to (h)) the activity can be placed, characterised in that the activity categories consist the following combinations of activity components: (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components; (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components; (C) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; (e) weight bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion components; (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components.
15. A method according to claim 13 or claim 14 comprising the steps of setting a target points value for the individual; determining the current activity levels of an individual and selecting an activity or combination of activities from one or more of the predetermined activity categories whereby when the activity or combination of activities is undertaken the individual accumulates a points value that is equivalent to or contributes to their target points value.* *,
16. A method according to claim 15, which further comprises the step of assessing whether the current activity levels of the individual achieve the **** target points value. *

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17. A method according to claim 15 or claim 16, which further comprises the step of determining the time available to the individual for exercise such * that when the activity is undertaken for the time available, the individual accumulates a points value that is equivalent to or contributes to their target points value.
18. A method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the target points value is set as a result of an assessment, the target points value being representative of the amount of physical activity that an individual needs to undertake in order to achieve and maintain a certain level of fitness.
19. A system for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual: (a) means for determining the energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expended relative to any other physical activity; (c) means for identifying a target number of points to be scored by an individual for whom the activity regime is formulated; and (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual.
20. A system according to claim 19, which further comprises means for determining into which of eight activity categories ((a) to (h)) the activity can be placed characterised in that the activity categories are defined by a combination of activity components: * ** (a) non-weight bearing and stationary components; * *** * * (b) weight bearing, non-impact and neutral components; * .*... * *(C) weight bearing, non-impact, neutral and external load components; (d) weight bearing, non-impact and propulsion components; (e) weight bearing, non-impact, external load and propulsion components; (f) weight bearing, full impact and neutral components; (g) weight bearing, full impact and propulsion components; and (h) weight bearing, full impact, propulsion and external load components.
21. A system according to claim 19 or claim 20, which further comprises one or more means for allowing an individual to assess their activity levels in terms of the points that they are currently accumulating from their present activities.
22. A system according to any one of claims 19 to 21, which further comprises one or more means selected from the group comprising means for determining the time available to the individual for activity or additional activity; means for allowing an individual to assess the points associated with any particular activity; means for scheduling the individual's current and additional activities into their weekly schedule; means for monitoring the ease with which the individual meets their target points value and increasing or decreasing the target points value as appropriate and means for subtracting points in the event that the individual has made an unhealthy lifestyle choice at any point in the week.
23. A computer program loaded on a data carrier for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual, the computer program comprising: * ** (a) means for determining the energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expended relative to any other physical activity; (C) means for identifying a target number of points to be scored by an individual for whom the activity regime is formulated; and S. S (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual.
24. A computer program for providing an improved fitness regime to an individual, the program comprising: (a) means for determining the energy expenditure for each of a range of physical activities; (b) means for assigning to each physical activity a points value indicative of the energy expended relative to any other physical activity; (c) means for identifying a target number of points to be scored by an individual for whom the activity regime is formulated; and (d) means for formulating a program of physical activities for which the cumulative points value achieves or exceeds the target points value for the individual.
25. A system according to claim 24, wherein the database includes a list of each activity together with the activity category into which each activity falls.
26. A database comprising information categorising a physical activity into one of eight activity categories and information indicating the points value (level of energy expenditure) associated with each activity category. * ** * * * * ** * * ***S * S**S 555 * *I * * ** * S 5* * *.