GB2448685A - Carbon dioxide absorbed from air and hydrogen from electrolysis of water, for production of carbon monoxide, alcohols, Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons & fuels - Google Patents

Carbon dioxide absorbed from air and hydrogen from electrolysis of water, for production of carbon monoxide, alcohols, Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons & fuels Download PDF

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GB2448685A
GB2448685A GB0707777A GB0707777A GB2448685A GB 2448685 A GB2448685 A GB 2448685A GB 0707777 A GB0707777 A GB 0707777A GB 0707777 A GB0707777 A GB 0707777A GB 2448685 A GB2448685 A GB 2448685A
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technological processes
hydrogen
fuels
carbon dioxide
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David Andrew Johnston
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
    • C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
    • C01B3/586—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction the reaction being a methanation reaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • C01B31/18—
    • C01B31/20—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
    • C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C31/02—Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols
    • C07C31/04—Methanol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C9/02—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with one to four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C9/02—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with one to four carbon atoms
    • C07C9/04—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C9/14—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with five to fifteen carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
    • C10G2/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0435—Catalytic purification
    • C01B2203/0445—Selective methanation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/86—Carbon dioxide sequestration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/20—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of methane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry

Abstract

Carbon dioxide, derived directly or indirectly from the atmosphere (e.g. by sequestration from air using an absorbent or adsorbent material), and hydrogen, derived from water (e.g. by electrolysis), may be reacted to produce a range of organic compounds. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen can be converted into carbon monoxide and water (2) by the reverse water gas shift reaction (or reverse shift reaction). Carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be converted into methane by a methanation reaction (3), or methanol (4), or (by the Fischer-Tropsch process) a range of hydrocarbons. Using moving-bed catalysis (5), gaseous and light liquid fuels (6) such as alcohols, petrol (gasoline) and paraffin (kerosine) can be produced. Using fixed-bed catalysis (7), heavy fuels (8) such as diesel oil can be produced. Such fuels may be used for energy production, for combustion in an engine and for generating electricity in a fuel cell. Heat produced in exothermic reactions may be recovered and used to reduce the energy input requirements of the electrolytic conversion of water to hydrogen and of endothermic reactions.

Description

A SET OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT FOR
SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER.
Organic fuels are the most important source of energy for transport vehicles. The most common primary source is petroleum oil, which is refined to produce fractions such as petrol, paraffin and diesel. These are being consumed at an increasing rate, with the result that it is estimated that the finite reserves will last for several decades, at most.
Synthetic liquid and gaseous fuels can be produced from coal and water. As coal reserves are larger than oil and gas reserves, this could potentially provide fuel for a few centuries.
All of these fuels produce carbon dioxide on combustion, and these gases contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming. A technology, which is being developed to mitigate the effects carbon dioxide emissions on the climate, is carbon sequestration. in this process, carbon dioxide is removed from the air, using suitable absorbent or adsorbent materials. This carbonated material can then be stored underground. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide can be extracted from the absorber, and stored underground or in deep ocean water, either as a gas under pressure, or in liquid or solid form.
The present invention combines a number of chemical reactions, and the technology required to produce them, which react carbon dioxide, sequestered from the air, with hydrogen, produced from water by electrolysis, to form a range of organic fuels.
As fuel production involves the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, this will compensate for the release of carbon dioxide upon subsequent combustion of the fuel. Ideally, the production and combustion of fuel will result in zero net carbon dioxide emissions. This would include the provision that the electricity used to produce the hydrogen is from a carbon-neutral source.
The source materials are carbon dioxide and water, which are both replenished as part of the fuel cycle, as well as by natural processes. If the electricity is generated from a sustainable source, the fuel production process is also sustainable.
Flow charts of the chemical processes are shown in Figure 1.
Carbon dioxide is extracted from the air using sequestration technology. This is then released from the absorbent or adsorbent material, to be used in further reactions. As the carbon dioxide is required to be released from the absorbent or adsorbent material, this should have a low binding energy for the carbon dioxide. A range of material and solutions are already used for this purpose, in other applications. Hydrogen is produced from water by electrolysis (1).
These materials are then reacted to form carbon monoxide, by the reaction shown below. The reaction from right to left is known as the shift reaction, and is used in synthesis of hydrocarbons from coal. The reaction in the opposite direction -from left to right -is defined as the reverse shift reaction (2).
CO2 +1-f2 CO+H20 This carbon monoxide is then reacted with additional hydrogen to form a number of organic products.
The simplest product is methane, which is produced by the methanation reaction (3).
CO-i-3H2 -CH4+H20 The combined effect of these two reactions is CO2 + 4H2 -CH4 + 21120 The electrolytic reactions for hydrogen production are 4H20 -4H2 + 202 The net reaction is therefore C02+2H20 3CH4+202 A similar reaction between carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be used to produce methanol (4).
CO + 2H2 -CH3OH Including electrolysis, the net reaction is C02+2H20 -CH3OH+1V202 In another variation of this process, the carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be used as synthesis gas in the Fischer-Tropsch process to produce more complex gaseous and liquid fuels. By varying the ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen, as well as process conditions -such as temperature and pressure -the composition (distribution of molecular weights) can be controlled. In addition, a moving-bed catalyst (5) can be used to produce petrol, alcohols, etc (6) whereas a fixed-bed catalyst (7) can be used to produce heavier fractions, such as diesel oil (8).
A further variation includes heat recovery from the methanation reaction, methanol production, or the equivalent reactions for the Fischer-Tropsch process. This heat can be used to reduce the electrical potential required for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, and thus reduce this component of the energy budget. Recovered heat can also be applied to the reverse shift reaction.
The fuels produced by these processes can be used for combustion in a range of engines. These include spark-ignition internal combustion engines, where petrol is commonly used, and alcohols or alcohol/petrol mixtures can be substituted, and compression-ignition engines, which use diesel oil.
Medium oil fractions, such as paraffin can be used in gas turbines. All of these fuels can also be used for heating.
in addition to production of fuels, the processes described above can be used to produce a range of petrochemical materials. The reaction products may be suitable for used directly, or may be subjected to further processing, to produce the required materials. Examples of such materials are plastics, fibre-reinforced composites and other construction materials, and pharmaceutical products.

Claims (21)

1. A set of technological processes and associated equipment for synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, derived directly or indirectly from the atmosphere, and hydrogen derived from water.
2. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere, using suitable absorbent or adsorbent materials.
3. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is supplied from a store of carbon dioxide, previously derived from the atmosphere.
4. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim I, and according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein the hydrogen is derived from water using electrolysis.
5. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, wherein the organic compounds are fuels for energy production.
6. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, wherein the fuels are used for combustion in an engine.
7. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, wherein the fuels are used for generation of electricity in a fuel cell.
8. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, wherein the fuel is methane, produced from the reverse shift reaction (as defined in the description) and the methanatjon reaction.
9. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, wherein the fuel is methanol, produced from the reverse shift reaction (as defined in the description) and the subsequent reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
10. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, wherein synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen), produced from the reverse shift reaction (as defined in the description), is used in the Fischer-Tropsch process to produce a range of organic fuels.
ii. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, and Claim 10, wherein a fixed-bed catalyst is used to produce a range of heavy fuels.
12. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, and Claim 10, and Claim 11, wherein a fixed-bed catalyst is used to produce diesel oil.
13. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim I, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, and Claim 10, wherein a moving-bed catalyst is used to produce a range of gaseous and light liquid fuels.
14. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and ClaimS, and Claim 10, and Claim 13, wherein a moving-bed catalyst is used to produce petrol (gasoline).
15. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim I, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and Claim 5, and Claim 10, and Claim 11 or Claim 13, wherein the synthesis reactions produce paraffin (kerosene).
16. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claim 2 or Claim 3, and Claim 4, and ClaimS, and Claim 10, and Claim 13, wherein a moving-bed catalyst is used to produce a range of alcohols.
17. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claims 2 to 4, and Claims 8 to 16, wherein the organic compounds produced are used in the petrochemical industry.
18. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claims 2 to 4, and Claims 8 to 17, wherein the organic compounds produced are used directly as petrochemical materials.
19. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1, and Claims 2 to 4, and Claims 8 to 17, wherein the organic compounds produced are subject to further processing, the final result being petrochemical materials.
20. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1 to 19, wherein heat from exotheiniic reactions is recovered and used to reduce the energy input requirements of endothermjc reactions.
21. A set of technological processes and associated equipment, according to Claim 1 to 20, wherein heat from exothennjc reactions is recovered and used to reduce the electrical energy input requirements for electrolytic conversion of water to hydrogen.
GB0707777A 2007-04-23 2007-04-23 Carbon dioxide absorbed from air and hydrogen from electrolysis of water, for production of carbon monoxide, alcohols, Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons & fuels Withdrawn GB2448685A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2461723A (en) * 2008-07-10 2010-01-13 Christopher Denham Wall Conversion of waste carbon dioxide gas to bulk liquid fuels suitable for automobiles
GB2464691A (en) * 2008-10-22 2010-04-28 Christopher Denham Wall Manufacture of methanol from agricultural by-product cellulosic/lignitic material
GB2484095A (en) * 2010-09-29 2012-04-04 Kristian La Vda Carbon dioxide recovery method
FR2977089A1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-28 Laurent Jean Serge Zibell Storing and restoring the electrical energy e.g. wind energy, where the function of storing electrical energy is carried out by water electrolysis step, methanation step and reacting hydrogen obtained from electrolysis with carbon dioxide
US8596047B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2013-12-03 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Vehicle electrocatalyzer for recycling carbon dioxide to fuel hydrocarbons
ITRM20130367A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-27 Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L Ener GROUP FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS METHANE ISSUED BY THE SOIL
WO2015071443A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2015-05-21 Antecy B.V. Energy integrated carbon dioxide conversion process
US9085497B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2015-07-21 Avocet Fuel Solutions, Inc. Conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons via hydrogenation
US9133074B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2015-09-15 Avocet Fuel Solutions, Inc. Process for the conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol
WO2016162022A1 (en) 2015-04-08 2016-10-13 Sunfire Gmbh Production process and production system for producing methane / gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbons
CN107107910A (en) * 2014-11-18 2017-08-29 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Hydrogen for vehicle is reclaimed
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