GB2440547A - A fluid carrying arrangement - Google Patents

A fluid carrying arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2440547A
GB2440547A GB0615587A GB0615587A GB2440547A GB 2440547 A GB2440547 A GB 2440547A GB 0615587 A GB0615587 A GB 0615587A GB 0615587 A GB0615587 A GB 0615587A GB 2440547 A GB2440547 A GB 2440547A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fluid carrying
carrying arrangement
arrangement according
fluid
inner layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0615587A
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GB0615587D0 (en
Inventor
Richard Nicholson
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Rolls Royce PLC
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Rolls Royce PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls Royce PLC filed Critical Rolls Royce PLC
Priority to GB0615587A priority Critical patent/GB2440547A/en
Publication of GB0615587D0 publication Critical patent/GB0615587D0/en
Publication of GB2440547A publication Critical patent/GB2440547A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B22F3/1055—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
    • B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/143—Pre-insulated pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/145—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems providing fire-resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

A fluid carrying arrangement 10 comprises an inner layer 12 for carrying the fluid, and an outer layer 14 around the inner layer, the outer layer being formed integrally with the inner layer. The fluid carrying arrangement 10 is preferably made from a metal powder material, and manufactured by a solid freeform fabrication process such as selective laser or electron beam sintering or melting. The outer layer 14 preferably comprises an insulating layer. The insulating layer may comprise an insulation carrier capable of carrying insulating material (e.g. ceramic), and may be porous.

Description

<p>A FLUID CARRYING ARRANGEMENT</p>
<p>This invention relates to fluid carrying arrangements.</p>
<p>More particularly, but not exclusively, this invention relates to fluid carrying conduits, such as fluid pipes.</p>
<p>This invention may also relate to methods of forming fluid carrying arrangements.</p>
<p>In gas turbine engines, it is often necessary to insulate a pipe. This is generally done by wrapping insulating blanket around the pipe. The blanket is retained in place by clips or binding. A disadvantage of this is that the insulation often has to be shortened to fit the clip, which provides a Zone with reduced quality insulation Also, the crimping of insulation at the clip further reduces the insulation quality. Ineffective clipping allows insulation to move and Potentially provides a fretting medium that can erode through the pipe.</p>
<p>According to one aspect of this invention, there is provided a fluid carrying arrangement comprising an inner layer for carrying the fluid, and an outer layer around the inner layer, wherein the outer layer is formed integrally with the inner layer.</p>
<p>The outer layer may comprise an insulating layer. The insulating layer may be formed of a sintered and/or melted metallic material. In a first embodiment, the insulating layer may provide insulation for the fluid carried by the inner layer. In a second embodiment, the insulating layer may comprise an insulation carrier capable of carrying insulating material. In the second embodiment, the insulating material may comprise a ceramic material.</p>
<p>In one embodiment, the outer layer may surround the inner layer, conveniently circumferentially around the inner layer. The outer layer may extend coaxially of the inner layer.</p>
<p>The phrase fluid carrying arrangement'' as used herein refers to any arrangement capable of containing a fluid or for allowing a fluid to flow therethrough.</p>
<p>The inner layer may comprise a conduit, such as a pipe. The fluid carrying arrangement may be formed of a Sintered and/or melted metallic material. The fluid carrying arrangement may be formed by a solid freeform fabrication process, which may comprise selective melting and/or sintering, such as selective laser or electron melting or sintering. The inner layer of the fluid carrying arrangement may comprise a flOfl-porous material.</p>
<p>The outer layer may comprise a porous material, and may be a metal foam material.</p>
<p>According to another aspect of this invention, there is provided a method of forming a fluid carrying arrangement comprising providing a powder of a metallic material, Processing the powder into an inner layer for carrying the fluid and processing the powder into an outer layer formed integrally with the inner layer.</p>
<p>In one embodiment the method may comprise forming the inner layer in the form of a pipe and forming the layer around the inner layer, conveniently circumferentially around the inner layer.</p>
<p>The step of processing the powder may comprise solid freeform fabrication. The step of Processing the powder may comprise sintering and/or melting the powder to provide the fluid carrying arrangement. The step of Processing the powder may comprise selective laser or electron beam sintering and/or melting.</p>
<p>The method may comprise a non-porous inner layer and forming a foam or porous outer layer. In one embodiment, the method may involve Providing an insulating material on the outer layer. The inner layer may be formed of a metallic material, such as titanium. The outer layer may be formed of a metallic material, such as titanium.</p>
<p>According to another aspect of this invention, there is provided a fluid carrying arrangement comprising a first part and a second part in the first part, wherein at least one of the first and second parts can carry a fluid, and at least one of the first and second parts i formed by a solid free form fabrication process.</p>
<p>According to another aspect of this invention, there is provided a method of forming a fluid carrying arrangement comprising Providing a first part, and a second part in the first part, wherein at least one of the first and second parts can carry a fluid, the method comprises forming at least one of the first and second parts by a solid free form fabrication process.</p>
<p>The solid free form fabrication process may comprise a selective melting or sintering process, such as selective laser or electron beam melting or sintering.</p>
<p>At least one of the first and second parts may comprise a porous metallic material. The part comprising the porous metallic material may be formed by the solid free form fabrication process. The first and second parts may extend axially with respect to one another. At least one of the first and second parts may comprise a pipe.</p>
<p>Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig 1 is a front sectional view of a fluid carrying arrangement; Fig 2 is a perspective view of the fluid carrying arrangement shown in Fig 1; Fig 3 is a diagrammai view showing a first method of forming a fluid carrying arrangement; and Fig 4 is a diagrammatic view of a second method for forming a fluid carrying arrangement.</p>
<p>Referring to the drawings, Figs 1 and 2 there is shown a fluid carrying arrangement ic in the form of a pipe io.</p>
<p>In the embodiment shown in Figs 1 and 2, the fluid carrying arrangement 3M comprises a cylindrical inner layer 12 in the form of a pipe and a cylindric outer layer 14 formed circumferentially around the cylindric inner layer 12.</p>
<p>The inner and outer layers 12, 14 are coaxial and concentric with one another. The inner layer 12 is formed of a non-porous metallic material, such as titanium and carries the fluid therethrough. The outer layer 14 is also formed of titanium and is porous, for example being in the form of a metal foam, having interstices 16 Within the metal of the foam forming the outer layer 14.</p>
<p>A ceramic material 18 is provided in the interstices 16 to provide insulation for the material flowing Within the inner layer 12. Alternatively the porous outer layer 14 is itself suffice.</p>
<p>The pipe io is formed from a solid freeform fabrication process, such as selective laser melting or sintering.</p>
<p>Fig 3 shows a first embodiment of a method of forming the pipe 10 shown in Figs 1 and 2.</p>
<p>The method comprises providing a manufacturing compartment 30 within which a laser or electron beam device 32 is provided. A mirror 34 acts to control a beam 36 of laser or light or electrons. A work piece 38 is provided beneath the manufacturing compartment 30 such that the upper portion 40 thereof extends in to the manufacturing compartment 30. A film 42 of a titanium powder 43 is provided within the manufacturing compartment 30 and covers the work piece 38. A supply 44 of the powder 43 is provided to replenish the film 42. A piston 45 can deliver the powder 43 from the supply 44 into the manufacturing compartment 30. The film 42 of the powder 43 is leveled by a leveling device 46. In operation, the vertical Position of the work piece 38 is controlled by a height control device 48 which can move up and down as shown by the arrows A. The laser or electron beam device 32 transmits a beam of electrons or laser light at the film 42 of the metallic powder covering the work piece 38 to sinter the film 42 of the metallic powder in a thickness on the work piece 38.</p>
<p>The movement of the device 32 and the intensity of the beam IS controlled in a manner which would be understood by those skilled in the art to provide the non-porous inner layer 12 and the porous outer layer 14.</p>
<p>After each thickness has been formed on the work piece 38, the height control device 48 moves the work piece downwardly and further powder 42 is then provided over the work piece 38, and the electron beam device is actuated to produce a further band of the material on the work piece 38. This process is repeated until the pipe io has been fully formed from the work piece 38.</p>
<p>The laser/electron beam device 32 is controlled by an appropriate computer controlled system as would be understood by those skilled in the art.</p>
<p>In the embodiment shown in Fig 4, many of the features shown in Fig 3 are present, and these have been designated with the same reference numerals as in Fig 3. The embodiment shown in Fig 4 comprises a support platform 50 on which the work piece 38 is provided. A further laser or electron beam device 132 is provided and supported by a POsitioning and scanning device 134. A powder dispenser 136 is also Supported by the Positioning and scanning device 134. The powder dispenser 136 dispenses some of the powder 43 onto the work piece 38 for formation into a thickness of the work piece 38.</p>
<p>The Positioning and scanning device 134 positions the laser or electron beam device 132 to transmit a beam of laser light or electrons at the work piece after the powder dispenser has dispensed a layer of powder on to the work piece.</p>
<p>After each time that the laser or electron beam device has transmitted the beam of laser light or electron to sinter the metallic powder 43 to form a further layer of the work piece 38, a further amount of powder 43 is dispensed by the powder dispenser 136 onto the work piece 38 to form a further thickness. This is repeated until the pipe 10 is fully formed.</p>
<p>Various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, any suitable thickness of the inner and outer layers could be formed.</p>
<p>Also, the pipe io need not be cylindrical, but could be any suitable configuratjo Although in the described embodiments titanium powder is referred to, it will be appreciated that a powder form of any suitable material may be used instead.</p>

Claims (1)

  1. <p>CLAIMS</p>
    <p>1. A fluid carrying arrangement comprising an inner layer for carrying the fluid, and an outer layer around the inner layer, wherein the outer layer is formed integrally with the inner layer.</p>
    <p>2. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim i wherein the outer layer comprises an insulating layer formed of a Sintered and/or melted metallic material.</p>
    <p>10. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 2 wherein the insulating layer provides insulation for the fluid in the inner layer.</p>
    <p>4. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 2 wherein the insulating layer comprises an insulation carrier capable of carrying insulating material.</p>
    <p>5. A fluid carrying arrangement according to any Preceding claim wherein the outer layer surrounds the inner layer and extends coaxially of the inner layer.</p>
    <p>6. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 5 wherein the outer layer surrounds the inner layer circumferentially.</p>
    <p>7. A fluid carrying arrangement according to any Preceding claim wherein the insulating material comprises a ceramic material.</p>
    <p>8. A fluid carrying arrangement according to any Preceding claim wherein the fluid carrying arrangement is formed by a solid freeform fabrication process.</p>
    <p>9. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 8 wherein the solid freeform fabrication process comprises selective laser or electron sintering or melting.</p>
    <p>10. A fluid carrying arrangement according to any Preceding claim wherein the inner layer of the fluid carrying arrangement comprises a non-porous material, and the outer layer comprises a porous material.</p>
    <p>ii. A method of forming a fluid carrying arrangement comprising Providing a powder of a metallic material, processing the powder into an inner layer for carrying the fluid and Processing the powder into an outer layer formed integrally with the inner layer.</p>
    <p>12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the step of processing the powder comprises solid freeform fabrication.</p>
    <p>13. A method according to claim 12 wherein the step of Processing the powder comprises sintering and/or melting the powder to provide the fluid carrying arrangement.</p>
    <p>14. A method according to claim 12 or 13 wherein the step of Processing the powder comprises selective laser or electron beam sintering and/or melting.</p>
    <p>15. A method according to any of claims ii to 14 comprising forming the inner layer in the form of a pipe and forming the outer layer around the inner layer, the outer layer being formed as a porous or foam layer.</p>
    <p>16. A method according to any of claims 11 to 15 wherein the method comprises Providing an insulating material in the outer layer.</p>
    <p>17. A method according to claim 16 wherein the insulating material is a ceramic material.</p>
    <p>18. A method according to any of claims ii to 15 wherein the outer layer IS formed to provide insulation.</p>
    <p>19. A method according to any of claims ii to 18 wherein the inner and outer layers are formed of a metallic material.</p>
    <p>20. A fluid carrying arrangement comprising a first part and a second part in the first part, wherein at least one of the first and second parts can carry a fluid, and at least one of the first and second parts is formed by a solid free form fabrication process.</p>
    <p>21. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 20 wherein the solid free form fabrication process comprises a selective melting or sintering process.</p>
    <p>22. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 21 wherein the solid free form fabrication process comprises selective laser or electron beam melting or sintering.</p>
    <p>23. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 20, 21 or 22 wherein at least one of the first and second parts comprises a porous metallic material.</p>
    <p>24. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 23 wherein the part comprising the porous metallic material is formed by the solid free form fabrication process.</p>
    <p>25. A fluid carrying arrangement according to any of claims 20 to 24 wherein first and second parts may extend axially with respect to one another.</p>
    <p>26. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 25 wherein at least one of the first and second parts comprises a pipe.</p>
    <p>27. A method of forming a fluid carrying arrangement comprising Providing a first part, and a second part in the first part, wherein at least one of the first and second parts can carry a fluid, the method comprises forming at least one of the first and second parts by a solid free form fabrication process.</p>
    <p>28. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 27 wherein the solid free form fabrication process comprises a selective melting or sintering process.</p>
    <p>29. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 28 wherein the solid free form fabrication process comprises selective laser or electron beam melting or sintering.</p>
    <p>30. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 27, 28 or 29 wherein at least one of the firsj and second parts comprises a porous metallic material.</p>
    <p>31. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 30 wherein the part comprising the porous metallic material is formed by the solid free form fabrication process.</p>
    <p>32. A fluid carrying arrangement according to any of claims 27 to 31 wherein first and second parts extend axially with respect to one another.</p>
    <p>33. A fluid carrying arrangement according to claim 32 wherein at least one of the first and second parts comprises a pipe.</p>
    <p>34. A fluid carrying arrangement substantially as herein described with reference to Figs 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.</p>
    <p>35. A method of forming a fluid carrying arrangement substantially as herein described with reference to Fig 3 of the accompanying drawings.</p>
    <p>36. A method of forming a fluid carrying arrangement substantially as herein described with reference to Fig 4 of the accompanying drawings.</p>
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