GB2425657A - A push-button switch - Google Patents

A push-button switch Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2425657A
GB2425657A GB0608065A GB0608065A GB2425657A GB 2425657 A GB2425657 A GB 2425657A GB 0608065 A GB0608065 A GB 0608065A GB 0608065 A GB0608065 A GB 0608065A GB 2425657 A GB2425657 A GB 2425657A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
contact strip
fixed
fixed contact
strip
push
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0608065A
Other versions
GB2425657B (en
GB0608065D0 (en
Inventor
Isamu Kuwana
Kouichi Shinzawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
T AN T KK
Original Assignee
T AN T KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by T AN T KK filed Critical T AN T KK
Publication of GB0608065D0 publication Critical patent/GB0608065D0/en
Publication of GB2425657A publication Critical patent/GB2425657A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2425657B publication Critical patent/GB2425657B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/365—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H13/14—Operating parts, e.g. push-button
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H13/14—Operating parts, e.g. push-button
    • H01H13/18—Operating parts, e.g. push-button adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
    • H01H13/183—Operating parts, e.g. push-button adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift for actuation by moving a closing member, e.g. door, cover
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/10—Bases; Stationary contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

A push-button switch includes a fixed member having a first fixed contact strip disposed on the inner surface of the fixed member and a second fixed contact strip disposed on the inner surface of the fixed member and opposite the first fixed contact strip; a control member biased by a spring from the fixed member and locked in a desired position; and a movable contact strip configured, when attached to the control member locked in the desired position, to be in contact with and to short-circuit the first fixed contact strip and the second fixed contact strip. The movable contact strip is configured to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time when the control member is controlled against a biasing force of the spring.

Description

PUSH SWITCH
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a push switch such as a push-button switch turned on and off by opening and closing a vehicle door, e.g. configured to turn a vehicle interior light or the like on and off, and secured to a vehicle body for example.
2. Description of the Related Art
Examples of known push-button switches for turning an interior light on and off in response to the opening and closing of a vehicle door include those disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Registration Application Publications Nos. 5-15249 and 5-23365. A push-button switch disclosed in either of these publications includes a fixed member having a first fixed contact strip (negative side) and a second fixed contact strip (positive side) that are internally disposed on opposite sides, a control member biased by a spring from the fixed member while allowing engaging claws thereof to be engaged with holes of the fixed member so as to prevent the control member from being protruded by the biasing force of the spring from a desired position in the fixed member, and a movable contact strip arranged inside the control member and electrically shortcircuiting the first and second fixed contact strips while being biased by the spring.
In the push-button switch configured as described above, when a vehicle door is closed, the movable contact strip is held in contact with the second fixed contact strip, as the control member is pressed with a side portion of the door against the biasing force of the spring. However, since the movable contact strip is isolated from the first fixed contact strip, the push-button switch is turned off, which means that an interior light is turned off. When in this state the door is opened, the control member is protruded by the biasing force of the spring. This allows the movable contact strip to be positioned between the first and second fixed contact strips, the push-button switch to be turned on, and the interior light to be turned on.
In general, small vehicles are equipped with a 12-volt battery, while heavy vehicles and diesel vehicles are equipped with a 24-volt battery or a 42-volt battery.
Recently, there is a move to incorporate a 24-volt battery also into small vehicles. This is because the use of a high-voltage battery enables the use of thin and small- capacity wires in a wire harness and thus contributes to reduced vehicle weight. However, while the use of a 12-volt battery poses no problem, the use of a battery of 24 volts or more in a vehicle with the above- described push-button switch poses some problems.
Specifically, it is known that when the battery voltage is 15 volts or higher and a push-button switch is turned off, a spark occurs between a movable contact strip and a fixed contact strip at the moment when the movable contact strip is isolated from the fixed contact strip. In the known push-button switch described above, a spark does not occur between the second fixed contact strip connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the movable contact strip, which are always slidably in contact with each other.
However, a spark occurs between the first fixed contact strip and the movable contact strip, as the movable contact strip is isolated from the first fixed contact strip.
Such an occurrence of a spark causes darkening of a contact portion where the movable contact strip comes into contact with the first fixed contact strip, results in poor contact, and causes the first fixed contact strip and movable contact strip to be damaged, cut, and become unusable.
The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and it is desirable to provide a push switch such as a push-button switch that may cause sparks to occur at two different points by allowing a movable contact strip to be isolated from first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time, and thus reduces damages to contact portions and increases the service life of the contact strips.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a push switch (e.g. a push-button switch) may include a fixed member having a first fixed contact strip disposed on the inner surface of the fixed member and a second fixed contact strip disposed on the inner surface of the fixed member and opposite the first fixed contact strip; a control member biased by a spring from the fixed member and locked in a desired position; and a movable contact strip configured, when attached to the control member locked in the desired position, to be in contact with and to shortcircuit the first fixed contact strip and the second fixed contact strip. The movable contact strip is preferably configured to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time when the control member is controlled against a biasing force of the spring.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the push (e.g. push-button) switch of the first aspect may further include, for example in order to allow the movable contact strip to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time, a nonconductive member embedded in an contact area of the second fixed contact strip, the contact area may be in contact with the movable contact strip and extending downward from a level at which the movable contact strip is isolated from the first fixed contact strip.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect described above, for example in order to allow the movable contact strip to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time, preferably the second fixed contact strip has a long hole extending downward from a level at which the movable contact strip is isolated from the first fixed contact strip, so as to allow the movable contact strip to reach a nonconductive area.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect described above, for example in order to allow the movable contact strip to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time, preferably contact portions where the movable contact strip is in contact with the first and second fixed contact strips are removed from sliding surfaces of the respective first and second contact strips, the sliding surfaces along which the movable contact strip slides.
As described above, in the push (e.g. push-button) switch of the p resent invention, for example in a transition from an ON state where the two fixed contact strips and the movable contact strip are in contact with each other, to an OFF state where the two fixed contact strips and the movable contact strip are separate from each other, the movable contact strip is preferably isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time. Since this allows sparks to occur at two different points, instead of at a single point, and can thus distribute the resulting damages, the service life of the contact strips can be increased.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a push- button switch according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an ON state of the assembled push-button switch of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an OFF state of the assembled push-button switch of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an OFF state of a push-button switch according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an OFF state of a push-button switch according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
A push-button switch is configured such that a movable contact is isolated from first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time when a control member is controlled against a biasing force of a spring.
First Embodiment A push-button switch according to the first embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 1 through 3.
A fixed member 1 made of insulating material, such as resin, includes a rectangular housing 11 and a flange 12 horizontally extending from the housing 11. The flange 12 has a recessed portion 12a with a hole 12b for the insertion of a screw 2. A slot 13 is provided along the boundary between the housing 11 and the flange 12. Grooves ha are provided inside the housing 11.
An L-shaped first fixed contact strip 3 includes a contact part 31 and a terminal part 32 with a hole 32a corresponding to the hole 12b in the recessed portion l2a.
The contact part 31 is fitted in the grooves lla, while the terminal part 32 is fitted in the recessed portion 12a of the fixed member 1. With the above-described configuration, the first fixed contact strip 3 is secured to the fixed member 1 while being secured with the screw 2 to a vehicle body and electrically connected to the ground of a battery.
Like the first fixed contact strip 3, an L-shaped second fixed contact strip 4 includes a contact part 41 and a terminal part 42. The contact part 41 has a bent engaging strip 41a to be engaged with a locking hole lib in the fixed member 1. With the above-described configuration, the contact part 41 is secured to the inner surface of the housing 11 while being in contact therewith. Connecting a connector to the terminal part 42 allows electrical connection to an interior light or the like.
The contact part 41 of the second fixed contact strip 4 is provided with a long hole 41b in which a nonconductive.
member 5, such as a resin member, is embedded. A boundary "b" between the embedded nonconductive member 5 and the upper side of the long hole 41b is defined so as to be substantially level with the lower end of the first fixed contact strip 3.
A hollow control member 6 made of insulating material, such as resin, is to be slidably inserted into the housing 11 of the fixed member 1. Engaging claws 61 provided on the outer surface of the control member 6 are engaged with their corresponding engaging holes lic on the inner surface of the housing 11 so that the control member 6 can be retained within the housing 11. The top of the control member 6 is provided with a protruding boss 62 to be pressed when a door is closed. A post 63 configured to be inserted into a spring 7 is integral with and extends downward from the protruding boss 62. The lower end of the post 63 is fitted in a hole of a spring bearing 14 inside the fixed member 1.
A U-shaped movable contact strip 8 is made of elastic conductive material and includes a base 81 and contact arms 82. The movable contact strip 8 is placed in the hollow of the control member 6 with the post 63 of the control member 6 fitted in a hole 81a of the base 81. After the post 63 is inserted into the spring 7, the control member 6 is inserted into the housing 11 of the fixed member 1. Since this allows the engaging claws 61 to be engaged with their corresponding engaging holes lic, the control member 6 can be prevented from protruding from the housing 11 while being constantly biased upward by the spring 7.
Curved contact parts 82a extending from the contact arms 82 of the movable contact strip 8 are to be slidably in contact with the corresponding first and second fixed contact strips 3 and 4. The contact parts 82a, which are exposed through corresponding windows 64 to the sides of the control member 6, can come into contact with the first and second fixed contact strips 3 and 4.
The operation of the push-button switch configured as described above will now be described. In the state shown in Fig. 2, where the door is opened and no external force that presses the control member 6 is exerted thereon, the control member 6 is biased to a desired position (at which the engaging claws 61 are engaged with the engaging holes lic) by a spring force of the spring 7. In this state, since the contact parts 82a of the movable contact strip 8 are in contact with the first and second fixed contact strips 3 and 4, a current flows from the second fixed contact strip 4 through the movable contact strip 8 to the first fixed contact strip 3. Therefore, an interior light connected to the second fixed contact strip 4 is turned on.
When the door is closed in this state, the control member 6 is pressed down with a side portion of the door against a spring force of the spring 7. This causes the contact parts 82a of the movable contact strip 8 to slide along the first and second fixed contact strips 3 and 4.
Then, one of the contact parts 82a runs off the first fixed contact strip 3 and reaches the inner wall of the fixed member 1 while, at the same time, the other contact part 82a reaches the nonconductive member 5 of the second fixed contact strip 4. A spark occurs at a point which is first isolated from an insulating part.
Since there is a small clearance between the control member 6 and the housing 11, closing the door allows the control member 6 to move inside the housing 11 while being slightly inclined. In this case, of the two contact parts 82a, the one that has first been isolated from its corresponding fixed contact strip (3 or 4) cannot be identified. Therefore, of the first and second fixed - 10 - contact strips 3 and 4, the one in which a spark occurs cannot be identified. Compared to the above-described known push-button switch where a spark occurs in one of two fixed contact strips, the likelihood of damage to contact portions can thus be reduced by half.
Second Embodiment A push-button switch of the second embodiment will now be described with reference to Fig. 4. The same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment denote the same or corresponding members and the descriptions thereof will be omitted here.
The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the nonconductjve member 5 is not embedded in the long hole 41b of the second fixed contact strip 4.
Like the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, closing the door moves the movable contact strip 8 downward, allows one of the contact parts 82a to be isolated from the first fixed contact strip 3 while at substantially the same time allowing the other contact part 82a to reach the long hole 41b, which is a nonconductive part of the second fixed contact strip 4. Thus, by a similar operation to that described above, damages resulting from the occurrence of sparks can be distributed to different contact portions and the service life of the contact strips can be increased.
- 11 - Third Embodiment A push-button switch of the third embodiment will now be described with reference to Fig. 5. The same reference numerals as those in the first and second embodiments denote the same or corresponding members and the descriptions thereof will be omitted here.
The third embodiment differs from the first and second embodiments in that the housing ii is provided with a guide hole lid for accommodating the contact part 41 of the second fixed contact strip 4. The contact part 41 is inserted from the bottom of the guide hole lid such that the lower end of an exposed portion of the contact part 41, the exposed portion being exposed to the inner surface of the housing 11, is positioned at substantially the same level as the lower end of the contact part 31 of the first fixed contact strip 3. Thus, the contact parts 82a of the movable contact strip 8 are isolated from their corresponding first and second fixed contact strips 3 and 4 at substantially the same level.
Similar to the first and second embodiments described above, in the third embodiment, when the door is closed and the movable contact strip 8 moves downward, the contact parts 82a are isolated from their corresponding first and second fixed contact strips 3 and 4 at substantially the same time. Therefore, by a similar operation to that - 12 - described above, damages resulting from the occurrence of sparks can be distributed to different contact portions and the service life of the contact strips can be increased.
While each of the above-described embodiments refers to the case where the present invention is applied to a door switch, the present invention is also applicable to push- button switches used in other parts of vehicles.
- 13 -

Claims (5)

  1. WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A push-button switch comprising: a fixed member
    including: a first fixed contact strip disposed on the inner surface of the fixed member; and a second fixed contact strip disposed on the inner surface of the fixed member and opposite the first fixed contact strip; a control member biased by a spring from the fixed member and locked in a desired position; and a movable contact strip configured, when attached to the control member locked in the desired position, to be in contact with and to short- circuit the first fixed contact strip and the second fixed contact strip, wherein the movable contact strip is configured to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time when the control member is controlled against a biasing force of the spring.
  2. 2. The push-button switch according to Claim 1, further comprising, in order to allow the movable contact strip to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time, a nonconductjve member embedded in an contact area of the second fixed - 14 - contact strip, the contact area being in contact with the movable contact strip and extending downward from a level at which the movable contact strip is isolated from the first fixed contact strip.
  3. 3. The push-button switch according to any preceding claim, wherein, in order to allow the movable contact strip to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time, the second fixed contact strip has a long hole extending downward from a level at which the movable contact strip is isolated from the first fixed contact strip, so as to allow the movable contact strip to reach a nonconductjve area.
  4. 4. The push-button switch according to any preceding claim, wherein, in order to allow the movable contact strip to be isolated from the first and second fixed contact strips at substantially the same time, contact portions where the movable contact strip is in contact with the first and second fixed contact strips are removed from sliding surfaces of the respective first and second contact strips, the sliding surfaces along which the movable contact strip slides.
  5. 5. A push-button switch substantially as described in any one embodiment herein or as illustrated in any of the accompany drawings.
    - 15 -
GB0608065A 2005-04-28 2006-04-24 Push switch Active GB2425657B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005132641A JP4456521B2 (en) 2005-04-28 2005-04-28 Automotive push switch

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0608065D0 GB0608065D0 (en) 2006-05-31
GB2425657A true GB2425657A (en) 2006-11-01
GB2425657B GB2425657B (en) 2007-11-07

Family

ID=36581144

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB0608065A Active GB2425657B (en) 2005-04-28 2006-04-24 Push switch

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7180025B2 (en)
JP (1) JP4456521B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1870198B (en)
CA (1) CA2544354C (en)
DE (1) DE102006019493A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2425657B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4779705B2 (en) * 2006-02-28 2011-09-28 パナソニック株式会社 Push switch for vehicle
US7525057B2 (en) * 2006-06-23 2009-04-28 Control Products Inc. Device limit switch with low pre-travel and high overtravel
JP2008027843A (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-02-07 Omron Corp Switch device
TWM343910U (en) * 2007-12-18 2008-11-01 jin-xiong Chu Switch structure with display and player
US8455777B2 (en) * 2008-11-06 2013-06-04 Mec A/S Electrical switch
CN102222821A (en) * 2011-04-02 2011-10-19 肇庆理士电源技术有限公司 Conversion adaptor of wiring
JP5957980B2 (en) * 2012-03-09 2016-07-27 オムロン株式会社 switch
EP2772928A1 (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-03 ABB Technology AG A high voltage switching device
USD761211S1 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-07-12 Omron Corporation Push switch
USD743917S1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-11-24 Omron Corporation Push switch
USD761212S1 (en) 2013-11-21 2016-07-12 Omron Corporation Push switch

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4225758A (en) * 1977-07-06 1980-09-30 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Switch operated axially or rotatably
GB2233500A (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-09 Daiichi Denso Buhin Push button switch
US5201410A (en) * 1990-09-12 1993-04-13 Daichi Denso Buhin Co., Ltd. Push-button switches
US5382767A (en) * 1992-11-12 1995-01-17 Daiichi Denso Buhin Co., Ltd. Push-button switches
JPH1021778A (en) * 1996-07-03 1998-01-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Vehicular switch
US5803242A (en) * 1996-10-22 1998-09-08 Kabushiki Kaisha T An T Switch connecting structure

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JPH0515249A (en) 1991-07-10 1993-01-26 Kubota Corp Grain bagging device
JPH0523365A (en) 1991-07-25 1993-02-02 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Microhole opening device
JPH09320381A (en) * 1996-05-29 1997-12-12 Niles Parts Co Ltd Knob lighting device for switch
JP3820680B2 (en) * 1997-06-11 2006-09-13 松下電器産業株式会社 Push switch and assembling method thereof
JP2001084867A (en) * 1999-09-13 2001-03-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Switch
JP3964132B2 (en) * 2000-12-14 2007-08-22 アルプス電気株式会社 Switch device
US6861602B2 (en) * 2003-01-27 2005-03-01 A.L. Hansen Manufacturing Co. Push button and method for use thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4225758A (en) * 1977-07-06 1980-09-30 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Switch operated axially or rotatably
GB2233500A (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-09 Daiichi Denso Buhin Push button switch
US5201410A (en) * 1990-09-12 1993-04-13 Daichi Denso Buhin Co., Ltd. Push-button switches
US5382767A (en) * 1992-11-12 1995-01-17 Daiichi Denso Buhin Co., Ltd. Push-button switches
JPH1021778A (en) * 1996-07-03 1998-01-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Vehicular switch
US5803242A (en) * 1996-10-22 1998-09-08 Kabushiki Kaisha T An T Switch connecting structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7180025B2 (en) 2007-02-20
CA2544354A1 (en) 2006-10-28
CA2544354C (en) 2011-06-28
JP2006310151A (en) 2006-11-09
GB2425657B (en) 2007-11-07
GB0608065D0 (en) 2006-05-31
CN1870198B (en) 2010-08-04
JP4456521B2 (en) 2010-04-28
US20060243576A1 (en) 2006-11-02
CN1870198A (en) 2006-11-29
DE102006019493A1 (en) 2006-11-09

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