GB2373536A - Fire doors and panels - Google Patents
Fire doors and panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2373536A GB2373536A GB0107161A GB0107161A GB2373536A GB 2373536 A GB2373536 A GB 2373536A GB 0107161 A GB0107161 A GB 0107161A GB 0107161 A GB0107161 A GB 0107161A GB 2373536 A GB2373536 A GB 2373536A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- door
- panel
- sides
- frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
- E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
- E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
Abstract
A fire door or panel comprises a timber frame, having sides <B>1</B> and upper <B>2</B> and lower <B>3</B> cross members, to which facing panels <B>4</B> are secured. Around the inner periphery of the frame is a pair of rails <B>5</B>, <B>6</B>. A ceramic sheet <B>8</B>, coated with a cured solution of an aqueous polymer system containing intumescent additives, is retained between the rails <B>5</B>, <B>6</B>. The ceramic sheet also passes between cross members <B>7</B> extending between the frame sides <B>1</B>. The coating solution comprises a polymer system, a defoamer, a biocide, a surfactant, a plasticizer, melamine, pentaerythritol, ammonium phosphate, and an associative thickener and a pigment.
Description
FIRE DOORS AND PANELS
This invention relates to fire doors or panels. Whereas the invention will be described with reference to fire doors, it is to be understood that it also applies to fire panels and like structures.
Conventional fire doors are extremely heavy, difficult to instal, expensive and provide relatively limited protection as a barrier against smoke and flames. One reason for the weight and consequent installation problems is the use of heavy gauge metal sheets to inhibit the progress of smoke and flames. Because of the problems referred to above, fire doors are used sparingly and generally only at key access points.
One object of the present invention is to provide a relatively lightweight and easy to instal fire door capable of replicating the style and appearance of conventional interior and exterior doors and which, most importantly, offers full protection against the passage of smoke and flames for periods in excess of thirty minutes.
Fire protection periods in excess of sixty minutes have been achieved in fire testing of doors in accordance with the invention; this compares very favourably with fire protection periods offered by conventional fire doors.
In one aspect, the invention provides a fire door or fire panel which comprises a timber frame to which facing panels are secured and within which is retained a ceramic sheet coated on one or both sides with a cured solution of an aqueous polymer system containing one or more intumescent additives, the cloth being sized to fill substantially the entire space defined by the sides and cross members of the frame, and being positioned between and spaced from the facing panels of the door or panel.
The ceramic sheet may comprise a woven ceramic cloth, which may include a filament matrix to provide added integrity.
In a preferred embodiment, the coating solution comprises an aqueous acrylic vinyl acetate copolymer plasticised by a chlorinated paraffin, typically a coating marketed by the
Applicant under the trade name"HW01". This product is an emulsion paint designed to upgrade the fire rating of internal surfaces. It does not support combustion and when subject to heat intumesces to form an insulating barrier to fire and smoke. The fire retardancy and intumescence capability of the coating is created by the inclusion of, preferably, an ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol system. The formulation may be stabilised for storage and ease of application by a surfactant and acrylic associative thickener.
Typically, the coating solution includes by weight % 8 to 17% of the polymer system, up to 0. 75 % of a defoamer, up to 0. 75 % of a biocide, up to 1. 25 % of a surfactant, up to 6. 0% of a plasticizer, up to 13. 0% of melamine, up to 13% of pentaerythritol, up to 35. 0% of ammonium phosphate, less than 0. 7% of an associative thickener, and up to 6. 0% of a pigment, balance water.
In a preferred embodiment, the coating solution comprises 10 to 15% polymer
system, up to 0. 5% of a defoamer, up to 0. 5% of a biocide, up to 1. 0% of a surfactant, up to 5. 0% of a plasticizer, up to 12% of melamine, up to 12% of pentaerythritol, up to 30% of ammonium phosphate, less than 0. 5 % of an associative thickener and up to 5 % of a pigment.
The ceramic sheet is preferably coated on both of its sides, the coating being cured for a period typically of between four to eight hours. Typically, the coating is applied at a room temperature of between 5 C and 40oc. A typical service temperature range for the solution (i. e. the temperature range during which the solution is inactive) is-20 C and 70oC.
The inner peripheries of the sides and cross members of the frame may carry a continuous rail against one side of which the side edges of a unitary coated ceramic sheet abut and are attached, a second continuous rail then being secured to the inner peripheries of the sides and cross members of the frame in contact with the exposed side edges of the ceramic sheet to trap these edges between the rails and to hold the sheet firmly in place.
The facing panels may be of timber, ply, cardboard or other conventionally used material. The rails may be of timber or like material.
Once assembled, the fire door has the weight and appearance of a conventional interior or exterior door.
The invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective side view of a fire door in accordance with the invention with one facing panel removed; and
Figure 2 illustrates to an enlarged scale a detail of the door shown in Figure 1.
The fire door illustrated in the drawings has a timber frame comprising sides 1 and upper and lower cross members 2,3. Typically, the external dimensions of the frame are
2135mm by 915mm and the cross sectional dimensions of the sides and cross members are 45mm by 20mm. The frame is closed by facing panels 4, only the rear panel being shown in Figure 1 for ease of clarity. Around the inner periphery of the frame is a pair of continuous rails 5,6. Typically, these are in section 20mm by 20mm and may be of timber or other suitable material. Cross members 7 extend between the door sides 1 on each side of the rails 5,6. Retained between the rails 5,6 is a sheet 8 of ceramic material coated with a cured solution of an aqueous polymer system containing one or more intumescent additives. In a preferred embodiment, the solution comprises acrylic vinyl acetate copolymer plasticised by a chlorinated paraffin. The sheet is typically a woven ceramic cloth which includes an internal matrix of metallic fibres to provide enhanced integrity. For ease of explanation, only sections of the sheet 8 are illustrated. It is to be understood, however, that the sheet 8 completely fills the space between the sides and upper and lower cross members of the frame. Whereas it is preferred that a unitary sheet is employed, two or more overlapping sheets may be used.
If required, a 150mm x 20mm block 9 is provided to receive a lock.
Typically, the coating solution included by weight % 8 to 17% of the polymer system, up to 0. 75% ofadefoamer, upto0. 75% ofabiocide, upto 1. 25% of a surfactant, up to 6. 0% of a plasticizer, up to 13. 0% of melamine, up to 13 % of pentaerythritol, up to 35. 0% of ammonium phosphate, less than 0. 7% of an associative thickener, and up to 6. 0% of a pigment, balance water.
In a preferred embodiment, the coating solution comprises 10 to 15% polymer system, up to 0. 5% of a defoamer, up to 0. 5% of a biocide, up to 1. 0% of a surfactant, up to 5. 0% of a plasticizer, up to 12% of melamine, up to 12 % of pentaerythritol, up to 30 % of ammonium phosphate, less than 0. 5% of an associative thickener and up to 5 % of a pigment.
For assembly purposes, the rail 5 is secured to the internal periphery of the sides and cross members of the frame by pins, adhesive or the like, and the cured ceramic sheet 8 is positioned within the frame with its side edges abutting against the rail 5. These edges may be attached to the rail 5 by adhesive or other conventional means. The rail 6 is then placed in position to trap the sheet edges between the opposed surfaces of the rails 5, 6.
The cross members 7 are then secured to the frame providing additional support for the sheet 8 and, if appropriate, the block 9 for receiving a lock is positioned and secured to the frame. The cross members 7 on one side of the rails 5 and the block 9 may be installed before positioning of the sheet 8. Finally, the facing panels 4 are positioned onto the open sides of the frame and secured in place. As for the cross members, one facing panel may be secured in place before installation of the sheet 8.
The spacing between each side of the coated sheet 8 and the inner faces of each panel 4 is typically between 15 and 25mm, preferably 20mm.
In the event of a fire, once the temperature at the door surface rises to above the service temperature of the coating, the coating will intumesce to create an effective barrier to the passage of fire, heat and smoke. Fire tests conducted on doors in accordance with the invention have demonstrated protection against the passage of fire and smoke for periods in excess of thirty and sixty minutes.
Fire doors and panels in accordance with the invention are relatively lightweight and their appearance can match the appearance of conventional interior and exterior doors and panels. They offer the opportunity, therefore, of replacing all or a significant number of doors of a house or other building.
It will be appreciated that the foregoing is merely exemplary of fire doors in accordance with the invention and that modifications can readily be made thereto without departing from the true scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
- CLAIMS 1. A fire door or fire panel which comprises a timber frame to which facing panels are secured and within which is retained a ceramic sheet coated on one or both sides with a cured solution of an aqueous polymer system containing one or more intumescent additives, the cloth being sized to fill substantially the entire space defined by the sides and cross members of the frame, and being positioned between and spaced from the facing panels or the door or panel.
- 2. A door or panel as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ceramic sheet comprises a woven ceramic cloth.
- 3. A door or panel as claimed in claim 2 wherein a woven ceramic cloth includes a filament matrix to provide added integrity.
- 4. A door or panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the coating solution comprises an aqueous acrylic vinyl acetate copolymer placticised by a chlorinated paraffin.
- 5. A door or panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the coating solution includes 8 to 17% by weight of the polymer system, up to 0. 75% by weight of a defoamer, up to 0.75% by weight of a biocide, up to 1.25% by weight of a surfactant, up to 6.00% by weight of a plasticizer, up to 13.0% by weight of melamine, up to 13% by weight of pentaerythritol, up to 35.0% by weight of ammonium phosphate, less than 0.7 % by weight of an associated thickener, and up to 6.0% by weight of a pigment, balance water.
- 6. A door or panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the coating solution comprises 10 to 15% polymer system, up to 0. 5% of a defoamer, up to 0. 5% of a biocide, up to 1. 0% by weight of a surfactant, up to 5. 0% of plasticizer, up to 12% of melamine, up to 12% of pentaerythritol, up to 30% of ammonium phosphate, less than 0.5 % of an associative thickener and up to 5 % of a pigment.
- 7. A door or panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the ceramic sheet is coated on both of its sides, the coating being cured for between four to eight hours.
- 8 A door or panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the inner peripheries of the sides and cross members of the frame include a continuous rail against one side of which the side edges of a unitary coated ceramic sheet abut and are attached.
- 9. A door or panel as claimed in claim 8 wherein a second continuous rail is secured to the inner peripheries of the sides and cross members of the frame in contact with the exposed side edges of the ceramic sheet to trap these edges between the rails and to hold the sheet firmly in place.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0107161A GB2373536B (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2001-03-22 | Fire doors and panels |
PCT/GB2002/001273 WO2002077403A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-03-18 | Fire doors and panels |
EP02706957A EP1370743A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-03-18 | Fire doors and panels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0107161A GB2373536B (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2001-03-22 | Fire doors and panels |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB0107161D0 GB0107161D0 (en) | 2001-05-09 |
GB2373536A true GB2373536A (en) | 2002-09-25 |
GB2373536B GB2373536B (en) | 2004-08-04 |
Family
ID=9911306
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0107161A Expired - Fee Related GB2373536B (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2001-03-22 | Fire doors and panels |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1370743A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2373536B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002077403A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2411199A (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-08-24 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire door |
GB2418698A (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-05 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire door with panels having intumescent and glass fibre containing layers |
ES2269009A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2007-03-16 | Rury Finance Inc. | Fireproof formulation and corresponding production method |
ES2334552A1 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2010-03-11 | Benito Sistemas De Carpinteria, S.A | Ignifugo closure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
GB2603273A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-08-03 | Intumescent Systems Ltd | Fire-resistant structural panels |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4195115A (en) * | 1976-11-27 | 1980-03-25 | British Industrial Plastics Limited | Coating compositions |
GB2038664A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1980-07-30 | Expanded Metal | Heat barrier |
GB1592947A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1981-07-15 | British Industrial Plastics | Intumescent compositions |
US4442157A (en) * | 1978-02-23 | 1984-04-10 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Fireproofing composition and door rabbet coated therewith |
US4489121A (en) * | 1983-01-13 | 1984-12-18 | Luckanuck John S | Fire-resistant sandwich core assembly |
US4740527A (en) * | 1985-11-26 | 1988-04-26 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Porous and non-porous intumescent masses |
GB2287738A (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1995-09-27 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire door |
US6340645B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2002-01-22 | Dsm Fine Chemicals Austria Nfg Gmbh & Cokg | Intumescent laminates with high heat transfer resistance |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2234938B (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1992-12-09 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Improvements in and relating to intumescent fire barriers and their method of manufacture |
GB9526398D0 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1996-02-21 | Kovacs Laurence K | Improvements in or relating to fire resisting doors |
WO1998000461A1 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-01-08 | No Fire Technologies, Inc. | Intumescent fire-retardant additive for resin and coal tar coating materials |
-
2001
- 2001-03-22 GB GB0107161A patent/GB2373536B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-03-18 EP EP02706957A patent/EP1370743A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-18 WO PCT/GB2002/001273 patent/WO2002077403A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4195115A (en) * | 1976-11-27 | 1980-03-25 | British Industrial Plastics Limited | Coating compositions |
GB1592947A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1981-07-15 | British Industrial Plastics | Intumescent compositions |
US4442157A (en) * | 1978-02-23 | 1984-04-10 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Fireproofing composition and door rabbet coated therewith |
GB2038664A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1980-07-30 | Expanded Metal | Heat barrier |
US4489121A (en) * | 1983-01-13 | 1984-12-18 | Luckanuck John S | Fire-resistant sandwich core assembly |
US4740527A (en) * | 1985-11-26 | 1988-04-26 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Porous and non-porous intumescent masses |
GB2287738A (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1995-09-27 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire door |
US6340645B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2002-01-22 | Dsm Fine Chemicals Austria Nfg Gmbh & Cokg | Intumescent laminates with high heat transfer resistance |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2411199A (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-08-24 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire door |
GB2418698A (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-05 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire door with panels having intumescent and glass fibre containing layers |
GB2418698B (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2008-04-09 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire doors |
ES2269009A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2007-03-16 | Rury Finance Inc. | Fireproof formulation and corresponding production method |
ES2334552A1 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2010-03-11 | Benito Sistemas De Carpinteria, S.A | Ignifugo closure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
GB2603273A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-08-03 | Intumescent Systems Ltd | Fire-resistant structural panels |
GB2603273B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2023-01-25 | Intumescent Systems Ltd | Fire-resistant structural panels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2373536B (en) | 2004-08-04 |
GB0107161D0 (en) | 2001-05-09 |
WO2002077403A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
EP1370743A1 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20070322 |