GB2352564A

GB2352564A - Nonreciprocal circuit device and communications device

Info

Publication number: GB2352564A
Application number: GB0025146A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Hiromu Tokudera; Katsuyuki Ohira
Original assignee: Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date: 1998-10-13
Filing date: 1999-10-08
Publication date: 2001-01-31
Anticipated expiration: 2019-10-08
Also published as: GB0025146D0; GB2352564B

Abstract

A nonreciprocal circuit device is reduced in size by omitting an impedance matching circuit. The device 10 includes a ferrite member 20, a plurality of mutually intersecting central conductors 21a-23a disposed in proximity to the ferrite member, and a magnet 13 for applying a DC magnetic field. The central conductors have lengths of substantially g g/4 or multiples thereof where g g is the operable wavelength. One end of each central conductor is connected to an input/output terminal, and the other end is connected to a ground terminal. The conductors may have different widths, allowing adjustment of bandwidth characteristics.

Description

2352564 NONRECIPROCAL CIRCUIT DEVICE AND COMMUNICATIONS DEVICE

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to nonreciprocal circuit devices and communications devices used for high-frequency bands, particularly in submillimeter-wave bands. 2. Description of the Related Art

A known example of a nonreciprocal circuit device will be illustrated with reference to Fig. 10. Fig. 10 shows an exploded perspective view of a nonreciprocal circuit device, which is commonly referred to as a "lumped-constant nonreciprocal circuit device".

As shown in Fig. 10, a nonreciprocal circuit device I 10 comprises an upper yoke I I I and a lower yoke H 2 for forming a closed magnetic circuit, three central conductors 121, 122, and 123, a ferrite member 120 having the central conductors thereon, a magnet 113 for applying a DC magnetic field to the ferrite member 120 having the central conductors, and a resin case 130. The three central conductors 12 1, 122, and 123 formed on the ferrite member 120 mutually intersect at an angle of 120 via an insulation film (not shown). One of the ends of each central conductor is an input/output terminal. The other ends thereof are ground terminals and they are all disposed on the lower surface of the ferrite member 120. In the resin case 130, a hole 131 for receiving the ferrite member 120 having the central conductors 121, 122, and 123, recesses 132 and 136 for receiving capacitors 115 and a resistor 114, and input/output connection electrodes 133 for connecting to input/output terminals are formed. In addition, the input/output connection electrodes 133 are connected to respective terminal electrodes 135 on an outer surface of the resin case 130, and an electrode connected to an end of the resistor 114 and the back of the capacitor 115 is connected to another terminal electrode 135 on the outer surface of the resin case 130.

The input/output terminal P P of the central conductor 121 and the input/output terminal P2' of the central conductor 122 are connected to respective input/output connection electrodes 133 formed in the resin case 130 and the top electrodes of two of the capacitors 115, respectively, whereas the input/output terminal PY of the central conductor 123 is connected to the top electrode of the third capacitor 115 and an electrode of the resistor 114.

Fig. I I shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the nonreciprocal circuit device I 10 having the above structure. The central conductors 121, 122, and 123 formed on the ferrite member 120 serve as inductors, and in order to match the impedance thereof to that of an external circuit, the capacitors 115 are additionally disposed in parallel. The resistor 114 is provided in addition to the central conductor 123 so as to permit the nonreciprocal circuit device I 10 to act as an isolator allowing only the signals sent from the input/output terminal P V to the input/output terminal P2' to pass.

Recently, with the demand for miniaturization of communication equipment, reduction in size of a nonreciprocal circuit device as one of the essential components incorporated therein has also been required.

In the lumped-constant nonreciprocal circuit device 110 described above, however, as shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of Fig. 11, each inductor and each capacitor constitutes a parallel-resonance circuit. Since the resonance frequency f of the circuit is substantially given by the formula f = 1/(27T - (LC)' 2), the higher the frequency of the nonreciprocal circuit device, the smaller the value of LC. As a result, the size of the nonreciprocal circuit device is reduced. For example, in the case of 2 GHz, the size of the nonreciprocal circuit device is approximately 7 x 7 mm.

In this case, the higher the usable frequency, the smaller the nonreciprocal circuit device, with the result that the requirement for miniaturizing the device as a component used in communication equipment is satisfied. However, there is a problem in the manufacturing of the device. In other words, reduction in size of the nonreciprocal circuit device makes formation and connection of the central conductors complicated, leading to occurrences of variations in the manufacturing process among nonreciprocal circuit devices. Furthermore, the higher the frequency and the smaller the value of LC, the greater the influence of variations in manufacturing on characteristics of the nonreciprocal circuit devices. For instance, assuming that an error of I nH of inductance occurs in the manufacturing process, consider the degree of the influence on the nonreciprocal circuit device in the cases in which the initial inductances are 10 nH and I nH. That is, if the error in the manufacturing process is equal to I nH in both cases, when the initial inductance is 10 nH, the change ratio in the inductance is 10%, whereas when the initial inductance is I nH, the change ratio is 100%. Therefore, the smaller the initial inductance, the greater the influence on the resonance frequency, leading to occurrence of greater variations in the frequency characteristics of the nonreciprocal circuit device.

For such a reason, there is a limitation on the frequencies usable with a lumped-constant nonreciprocal circuit device. Consequently, from the manufacturing point of view, approximately 2 GHz is the maximum frequency usable with the lumped-constant nonreciprocal circuit device at present.

On the other hand, a nonreciprocal circuit device usable even in frequency bands above approximately 2 GHz is the distributed-constant nonreciprocal circuit device. As an example of this, a description will be given of a known conventional nonreciprocal circuit device referring to Fig. 12. Fig. 12 shows an exploded perspective view of the conventional nonreciprocal circuit device, which is ordinarily referred to as a "Y-shaped distributed-constant nonreciprocal circuit device".

As shown in Fig. 12, a conventional nonreciprocal circuit device 140 compfises a ferrite member 120a, an electrode 150 formed on a surface thereof, a ground electrode formed on a back thereof, and an upper magnet and a lower magnet 142. The electrode 150 formed on the ferrite member 120a comprises a resonator 151 resonating in the TM I 10 mode at the center, and input/output connection electrodes 152, 153, and 154 formed in each of the three different directions from the resonator 15 1. Between the resonator 151 and the input/output connection electrodes 152, 153, and 154 are formed impedance converters 152a, 153a, and 154a having length of V4 for the purpose of impedance matching. Additionally, the input/output connection electrodes 152, 153, and 154 are provided for being corinected to an external circuit.

By applying a DC magnetic field with the upper and lower magnets 142, the nonreciprocal circuit device 140 functions as a circulator, in which signals from an input/output terminal P4' pass through an input/output terminal P5', signals from P5' pass through an input/output terminal P6', and signals from P6' pass through P4'.

In the conventional nonreciprocal circuit device, the resonator formed on the surface of the ferrite member has a substantially circular shape. As a result, at the junction of the input/output connection electrode and the resonator, the electrode width is greatly increased to provide the impedance converter. Impedance matching would be impossible between the input/output connection electrode and the resonator if they were connected directly without the impedance converter. Thus, in the conventional art, as shown in Fig. 12, in order to achieve impedance matching, the impedance converter must be connected to the input/output connection electrode near the resonator. Consequently, this leads to an increase in size of the nonreciprocal circuit device.

The above-described problems are solved by the present invention. The present invention provides a nonreciprocal circuit device capable of being manufactured for use in frequency bands of approximately 2 GHz or higher without adding an impedance converter or the like.

Attention is drawn to UK Patent Application No. 9923937.8 from which the present application has been divided and which discloses a nonreciprocal circuit device including a magnetic body, a plurality of mutually intersecting central conductors disposed in proximity to the magnetic body, and a magnet for applying a DC magnetic field, in which the plurality of central conductors have lengths of substantially n - Xg/2 (n = a natural number) with respect to a wavelength Xg at a usable frequency. An end of each central conductor is an input/output terminal connected to an input/output, whereas the other end thereof is disconnected and therefore is an electrically open end.

In this arrangement, the length of each central conductor is set to be substantially n - kg/2 (n = a natural number) with respect to a wavelength kg at a usable frequency, and one of the two ends thereof is an open end. This permits the central conductor to serve as a kg/2-wavelength resonator. In other words, by the use of only the central conductor, a circuit equivalent to the parallel -resonance circuit having an inductor and a capacitor as shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of Fig. I I can be formed. Moreover, by applying the DC magnetic field the nonreciprocal circuit device can be made, and there is no need to add a capacitor. Furthermore, since a narrow strip-line central conductor can be used in this device, no impedance converter need be connected in order to obtain impedance matching between the central conductors and the input/output connection electrodes. Additionally, since one end of each central conductor is an open end, there is no risk of a poor connection at that end. As a result, this contributes to reduction of factors degrading the reliability of a nonreciprocal circuit device.

According to the present invention, there is provided a nonreciprocal circuit device including a magnetic body, a plurality of mutually intersecting central conductors disposed in proximity to the magnetic body, and a magnet for applying a DC magnetic field, in which the plurality of central conductors have lengths of substantially (2m - 1) kg/4 (m = a natural number) with respect to a wavelength Xg at a usable frequency, and one of the ends of each central conductor is an input/output terminal connected to an input/output, and the other end thereof is a ground ten-ninal connected to a ground.

The length of each central conductor is set to be substantially (2m - 1) Xg/4 (m = a natural number) with respect to a wavelength Xg at a usable frequency, and one end of each central conductor is a ground terminal so as to permit each central conductor to serve as a Xg/4-wavelength resonator. As a result, for a given frequency, this arrangement can make the length of the central conductor shorter than that in a case where the central conductor serves as a Xg/2-wavelength resonator. Thus, further miniaturization of the nonreciproml circuit device can be achieved.

Furthermore, in the nonreciprocal circuit device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the length of the central conductor may be substantially kg/4.

These arrangements can minimize the size of the nonreciprocal circuit device since the length of the central conductor can be as short as possible.

Furthermore, in one of the nonreciprocal circuit devices described above, at least two of the central conductors have different widths. Since the central conductors mutually intersect with an insulation film therebetween, the respective positional relationships between the magnetic body and the central conductors differ. When there are such differences, effective dielectric constants are also different among the central conductors, with the result that the values of characteristic impedance thereof differ. If the central conductors have the same widths, variations in the characteristics of bandwidths or the like occur among the ports of the nonreciprocal circuit device. In contrast, if the widths of the central conductors are different, the bandwidth characteristics or the like among the ports can be adjusted in any desired way.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is provided a communications device including one of the nonreciprocal circuit devices described above, a transmission circuit, a receiving circuit, and an antenna. This permits a conipact communications device to bc produced.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. I is an exploded perspective view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to the invention claimed in the above numbered parent application; Fig. 2 is a modification of the nonreciprocal. circuit device according to the Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4 shows graphs illustrating the relationships between frequencies and the lengths of a central conductor; Fig. 5 is a modification of the nonreciprocal circuit device according to the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is another modification of the nonreciprocal circuit device according to the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a communications device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a communications device according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a communications device according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional lumped-constant nonreciprocal circuit device; Fig. I I is an equivalent circuit diagram of the conventional lumped- constant nonreciprocal circuit device; and Fig. 12 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional distributed- constant non-reciprocal circuit device.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Fig. I is an exploded perspective view of the nonreciprocal circuit device disclosed in the above numbered parent application.

As shown in Fig. 1, the nonreciprocal circuit device 10 of this embodiment comprises an upper yoke I I and a lower yoke 12 constituting a closed magnetic circuit, a ferrite member 20 having a ground electrode on the back, three central conductors 21, 22, and 23 formed on a surface of the ferrite member 20, a magnet 13 for applying a DC magnetic field to the ferrite member 20 including central conductors 21, 22, and 23, and a resin case 30. The three central conductors 21, 22, and 23'formed on the ferrite member 20, which are made by a thin-film-forming method such as sputtering, mutually intersect at an angle of 120' and are separated by an insulation film (not shown), which is similarly formed by the thinfilm-forming method. An end of each central conductor is an input/output terminal, whereas the other end thereof is an open end. In the resin case 30, a hole 31 for accommodating the ferrite member 20 including the central conductors 21, 22, and 23, a recess 32 for accommodating a resistor 14, and input/output connection electrodes 33 are formed. In addition, the input/output connection electrodes 33 are led as terminal electrodes 35 onto outer surfaces of the resin case 30, and an electrode connected to an end of the resistor 14 is also led as another terminal electrode 35 onto the outer surface of the resin case 30.

The input/output terminal PI of the central conductor 21 and the input/output terminal P2 of the central conductor 22 are connected to the input/output connection electrodes 33 formed in the resin case 30, whereas the input/output terminal P3 of the central conductor 23 is connected to an electrode of the resistor 14.

In this embodiment, the central conductors 21, 22, and 23 formed on the ferrite member 20 have lengths of kg/2 with respect to a wavelength Xg at a usable frequency, so that the central conductors 21, 22, and 23 serve as 2,g/2-wavelength resonators. When a DC magnetic Field is applied by the magnet 13 disposed on the top of the ferrite member 20, since the resistor is connected to the input/output terminal P3, the nonreciprocal circuit device 10 functions as an isolator allowing only the signals from the input/output terminal P I to the input/output terminal P2 to pass.

Since the widths of the central conductors 21, 22, and 23 formed on the ferrite member 20 are narrowed and have the prescribed lengths, there is no need to form an impedance converter in order to obtain impedance matching with the input/output connection electrodes 33. Accordingly, when compared with a conventional Y-type nonreciprocal circuit device, since no impedance converter is necessary in the nonreciprocal circuit device used in this embodiment, miniaturization thereof can be achieved. Furthermore, since the other ends of the central conductors 21, 22, and 23 are open ends, the number of connections is less than in the case where they are connected to ground connection electrodes. In this respect, the problem of poor connections does not occur and reliability in manufacturing is thereby increased.

Fig. 2 shows a modification of the device shown in Fig. 1. Since it is nearly the same as described above, only the ferrite member part will be illustrated referring to Fig. 2.

As shown in Fig. 2, this modification has an arrangement such that the three central conductors 21, 22, and 23 are formed to mutually intersect with an insulation film (not shown) on the ferrite member 20 having a ground electrode on the back thereof, and further a ferrite member 20a having a ground electrode on the top surface thereof is stacked on the assembly. In this arrangement, the central conductors used in this modification are formed into strip-line types, whereas the central conductors used in the first embodiment are formed into microstrip-line types.

Referring now to Fig. 3, a description will be given of a nonreciprocal circuit device according to the present invention. Fig. 3 shows an exploded perspective view of the nonreciprocal circuit device used in this embodiment. The same parts in this figure as those described above are given the same reference numerals, and detailed explanation thereof is omitted.

As shown in Fig. 3, the nonreciprocal circuit device I Oa in this embodiment comprises an upper yoke I I and a lower yoke 12 for constituting a closed magnetic circuit. three central conductors 2 1 a, 22a, and 23a, a ferrite member 20 having the central conductors 2 1 a, 22a, and 23a on a surface thereof, a magnet 13 for applying a DC magnetic field to the ferrite member 20 having the central conductors 2 1 a, 22a, and 23a thereon, and a resin case 30. In addition, input/output connection electrodes 33a are formed in the resin case 30. The central conductors 2 1 a, 22a, and 23a formed on the ferrite member 20, which are each formed of a metal foil or the like, mutually intersect at an angle of 120' and are separated by an insulation film (not shown). An end of each central conductor is an input/output terminal, and the other end thereof is a ground terminal which is commonly grounded on the back of the ferrite member 20. The metal-foil portion projects from each of the central conductors 2 1 a, 22a, and 23a on the ferrite member 20 to be connected to the input/output connection electrode 33a. That is, the metal-foil portion is disposed on the resin case 30 to be connected to the input/output connection electrode 33a, the width of the metal-foil portion can be increased or decreased, or the dielectric constant of the part of the resin-case which is disposed under the metal-foil portion, can be changed, so that characteristic impedance can be set to 50 Q in designing the device.

In this embodiment, the lengths of the central conductors 2 1 a, 22a, and 23a formed on the ferrite member 20 are set to be Xg/4 with respect to a wavelength Xg at a usable frequency. This arrangement permits the central conductors 21a, 22a, and 23a to function as Xg/4-wavelength resonators. When a DC magnetic field is applied by the magnet 13 disposed on the ferrite member 20, the nonreciprocal circuit device I Oa serves as a circulator allowing the signals from the input/output terminal P4 to the input/output terminal P5, the signals from the input/output terminal P5 to the input/output terminal P6, and the signals from P6 to P4 to pass through.

The nonreciprocal circuit device can be miniaturized more than that in the device of Figs. I and 2 by setting the length of the central conductors 2 1 a, 22a, and 23a formed on the ferrite member 20 to be Xg/4 with respect to a wavelength kg at a usable frequency. Regarding this case, Fig. 4 shows graphs for illustrating the relationships between frequencies and the lengths of the central conductors. In Fig. 4, the marks o are connected by solid lines to draw the graph of a nonreciprocal circuit device, in which the rnicrostrip-line central conductors have lengths Xg/2. [n addition, the marks A are connected by solid lines to draw the graph of a nonreciprocal circuit device, in which the strip-line central conductors have lengths Xg/2. Furthermore, the marks o are connected by broken lines to draw the graph of a nonreciprocal circuit device, in which the microstrip-line central conductors have lengths Xg/4, and the marks A are connected by broken lines to draw the graph of a nonreciprocal circuit device in which the strip-line central conductors have lengths Xg/4.

As shown in Fig. 4, when the central conductor having a length Xg/2 is compared with the central conductor having a length of)'g/4 at the same frequency, the length of the central conductor of the latter is half that of the former. Additionally, the strip-line conductor on which the other ferrite member is stacked has a wavelength-reduction effect in which the effective dielectric constant is larger. As a result, when comparisons are made at the same frequency between the strip-line central conductor and the micro-strip-line central conductor, the length of the fon-ner is even shorter than that of the latter, so that the nonreciprocal circuit device can be miniaturized.

Furthermore, referring to Fig. 5, a description will be given of a modification of the embodiment. Since this modification is nearly the same as the embodiment, only the part of the ferrite member will be illustrated with reference to Fig. 5.

As shown in Fig. 5, the periphery of the ferrite 20b in this modification is enclosed by a dielectric member 24 made of, for example, barium titanate, which has a high dielectric constant of approximately 100. In this arrangement, the ferrite member 20b is disposed in proximity to the centers of the central conductors 2 1 a, 22a, and 23a in which contribution to the nonreciprocal properties is large, whereas the dielectric member 24 having a high dielectric constant is disposed in proximity to the ends of the central conductors 21 a, 22a, and 23a in which contribution to the nonreciprocal properties is small. When compared at the same frequency, at the part of the central electrode in proximity to the dielectric member 24 having a high dielectric constant, the length of the central conductor is shorter, which results from the wavelength-reduction effect due to increase in the effective dielectric constant. Accordingly, further miniaturization of the nonreciprocal circuit device can be achieved while maintaining the nonreciprocal properties.

Referring to Fig. 6, a description will be given of a second modification of the embodiment. Since this is nearly the same as the above embodiment, only the ferrite member part will be illustrated with reference to Fig. 6.

As shown in Fig. 6, the central conductors 2 1 c, 22c, and 23c formed on the ferrite member 20 of this embodiment have different widths respectively. Since the central conductors 2 1 c, 22c, and 23c are overlapped to mutually intersect with an insulation film (not shown), the distances between the ferrite member 20 and the central conductors 21c, 22c and 23c, are different respectively. That is, since the central conductors 2 1 c, 22c, and 23c have different respective effective dielectric constants, when the central conductors having the same widths are formed, there are variations in the characteristic impedance thereof. Thus, for example, such variations may cause the bandwidths between the input/output terminals to have different values. However, as shown in Fig. 6, making the width of the central conductor 23c disposed on the top larger than the widths of the central conductors 2 1 c and 22c on the lower side permits the characteristic impedance in the respective central conductors to be set to the same value, so that the bandwidths between the respective input/output terminals can be set to be equal. In addition, the ability to set the widths of the central conductors 2 1 c, 22c, and 23c to arbitrary values permits the characteristics of bandwidth or the like in the nonreciprocal circuit device to be arbitrarily set.

In the above-described embodiment, although a three-terminal nonreciprocal circuit device is used, a two-terminal nonreciprocal circuit device can also be used in the present invention.

Furthen-nore, a communications device 60a in accordance with the present invention will be illustrated referring to Fig. 7. Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the communications device used in the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 7, the communications device 60a of the present invention comprises a duplexer 40 constituting a transmitting filter and a receiving filter, an antenna 53 for connecting to an antenna connector of the duplexer 40, a transmitting circuit 5 1 for connecting to the input/output connector disposed on the transmitting filter side of the duplexer 40, and a receiving circuit 52 for connecting to the input/output connector disposed on the receiving filter side of the duplexer 40.

The transmission circuit 51 has a power amplifier (PA), which amplifies transmission signals. The amplified signals, after passing through an isolator (ISO), are transmitted from the antenna 53 through the transmitting filter. In addition, received signals are sent to the receiving circuit 52 from the antenna 53 through the receiving filter. Then, after passing through a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a filter (RX), etc., in the receiving circuit 52, the receiving signals are input to a mixer (Mfx). A local oscillator is formed of a phase-locked loop (PLL) comprising an oscillator (VCO) and a divider (DV). This oscillator outputs local signals to the mixer, from which, in turn, an intermediate frequency is output.

This arrangement can provide the communications device 60a incorporating a nonreciprocal circuit device of reduced size.

The communications device of the present invention should not be limited to the above embodiment. For example, a nonreciprocal circuit device can be included in a receiving circuit. Or, a communications device 60b shown in Fig. 8 or a communications device 60c shown in Fig. 9 can be applied to this invention. That is, the communications device 60b shown in Fig. 8 comprises an antenna 53, a circulator (CIR) for connecting to the antenna 53, a transmission circuit 51 and a receiving circuit 52 for connecting to the circulator (CIR). The transmission circuit incorporates a power amplifier (PA) and the like, whereas the receiving circuit incorporates a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and the like. The communications device 60c shown in Fig. 9 comprises a power amplifier (PA) incorporated in the transmission circuit, a mixer (MIX) connected to the power amplifier, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) incorporated in the receiving circuit, a mixer (MIX) connected to the low-noise amplifier, a divider (DIV) connected to both mixers (MIX), and an oscillator (VCO) connected to the divider (DIV). An isolator (ISO) is connected between the divider (DIV) and the oscillator (VCO).

As described above, the length of the central conductor fon-ned in proximity to the ferrite member is set to be approximately (2m. - 1) Xg/4 (in = a natural number) with respect to a wavelength ?,g at a usablefrequency pen-nits the nonreciprocal circuit device to be even smaller than that in the case of the central conductor having a length of n Xg/2. Furthermore, no impedance converter need be connected, unlike the case of a conventional Y-shaped distributed-constant nonreciprocal circuit device, so that the nonreciprocal circuit device of the present invention can be reduced in size.

Although the present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent'to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific disclosure herein.

Claims

CLAIMS: 1. A nonreciprocal circuit device comprising: a magnetic body; a

plurality of mutually intersecting central conductors disposed in proximity to said magnetic body; and a magnet for applying a DC magnetic field to said central conductors; wherein the plurality of central conductors have lengths of substantially (2m 1) - Xg/4, m being a natural number, with respect to a wavelength Xg at a usable frequency, with one end of each of the central conductors being connected to an input/output terminal of said nonreciprocal circuit device and the other end thereof being connected to a ground terminal.
2. A nonreciprocal circuit device according to Claim 1, wherein at least two of the central conductors have different respective widths.
3 t 1 ice according to Claim 1, wherein the central 3. A nonreciprocal circuit dev I conductors have lengths of substantially Xg/4.
4. A nonreciprocal circuit device according to Claim 3, wherein at least two of the central conductors have different respective widths.
5. A communications device comprising: a transmitting circuit; a receiving circuit; and a nonreciprocal circuit device, said nonreciprocal circuit device comprising: a magnetic body; a plurality of mutually intersecting central conductors disposed in proximity to said magnetic body; and a magnet for applying a DC magnetic field to said central conductors; wherein the plurality of central conductors have lengths of substantially (2m 1) - Xg/4, in being a natural number, with respect to a wavelength Xg at a usable frequency with one end of each of the central conductors being connected to an input/output terminal of said nonreciprocal circuit device and the other end thereof being connected to a ground terminal, said nonreciprocal circuit device being connected to one of said transmitting circuit and said receiving circuit.
6 A nonreciprocal circuit device substantially as hereiribefore described with reference to Figures 3 to 9of the accompanying drawings.
7. A communications device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 3 to 9 of the accompanying drawings.