GB2341032A - Motion-dependent scanning frequency conversion - Google Patents
Motion-dependent scanning frequency conversion Download PDFInfo
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- GB2341032A GB2341032A GB9913162A GB9913162A GB2341032A GB 2341032 A GB2341032 A GB 2341032A GB 9913162 A GB9913162 A GB 9913162A GB 9913162 A GB9913162 A GB 9913162A GB 2341032 A GB2341032 A GB 2341032A
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- picture
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- prediction
- motion vector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
- H04N19/43—Hardware specially adapted for motion estimation or compensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
- H04N7/0127—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level by changing the field or frame frequency of the incoming video signal, e.g. frame rate converter
- H04N7/0132—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level by changing the field or frame frequency of the incoming video signal, e.g. frame rate converter the field or frame frequency of the incoming video signal being multiplied by a positive integer, e.g. for flicker reduction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
- H04N7/0135—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving interpolation processes
- H04N7/014—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving interpolation processes involving the use of motion vectors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
Abstract
A motion-dependent frequency converter apparatus for use with an MPEG decoding block employs a double-scan converting method to double the vertical scanning frequency of a decoded MPEG video signal in order to enable screen flicker to be reduced. This is achieved by consideration of the size of the motion vectors calculated between adjacent image fields. If the size of the motion vector exceeds a predetermined threshold value, a mean-calculated field is interpolated between existing fields. If the size of the motion vector does not exceed the threshold value, the original field is repeated before the next field in sequence is output. In an alternative embodiment to improve image resolution, a progressive-scan converting method is used to double the horizontal scanning frequency of a decoded MPEG video signal. An intermediate line is interpolated between existing lines, the new line being either: <UL ST="-"> <LI>a mean-calculated line from the corresponding lines of the prior and subsequent fields when the size of the motion vector exceeds a predetermined threshold value or, <LI>a line which is the repeat of the corresponding line from the previous field when the size of the motion vector does not exceed the threshold value. </UL> The above methods allow scanning frequency conversion whilst obviating the need for a signal interpolating memory and a motion detecting memory as are commonly used in MPEG decoding.
Description
2341032 HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL SCANNING FRtQUENCY CONVERTING APPARATUS IN
MPEG DECODING BLOCK The present invention relates in general to a video signal processing apparatus, and more particularly to a horizontal/vertical scanning frequency converting apparatus for use in an MPEG decoding block.
In general, the compression of a video signal by an MPEG standard is performed by a spacial correlation and a temporal correlation between frames using a variable length code according to the generation probability of a code.
A forward prediction from a past reproduced image and a backward prediction from a future reproduced image are performed together using a frame memory or a field memory in a signal processing operation for compressing the video signal by the MPEG standard.
Three types of images, i.e., an I picture, a P picture, and a B picture are defined in the MPEG standard in order to realize such a bidirectional prediction.
The 1 picture, the P picture, and the B picture respectively refer to an intra encoding image (an encoding image in a frame), a predictive encoding image (an interframe forward prediction encoding image), and a bidirectionally predictive encoding image (a bidirectional prediction encoding image).
Processes of restoring a compressed image signal according to a conventional technology will be described in detail with reference to Figure 1.
2 Data is input to a decoding block 1000a in the order of an I picture, a P picture, a B picture, and another B picture. This sequence is illustrated in Figure 3. Data is output from the decoding block 1000a in the order of the I picture (screen #1), the B picture (screen #2), the B picture (screen C), and the P picture (screen #C.
Accordingly, a reverse discrete cosine transformed I picture is stored in a first prediction memory 105 by a reverse DCT unit 102 of the decoding block 1000a. When forward error data with respect to the P picture is output from the reverse DCT unit 102, the data of the I picture stored in the first prediction memory 105 is output through a third switching unit 109. The output data is applied to a mixer 103 through a second switching unit 108 and is stored in a second prediction memory 106 after the forward error data is added thereto.
When bidirectional error data with respect to the B picture is output, the data of the I picture and the P picture stored in the first and second prediction memories 105 and 106 are calculated by a mean operator 107 and applied to the mixer 103. The bidirectional error data is added to the calculated data. Then, the addition result is output through the third switching unit 109.
The I picture is generated by selfdata without prior or posterior screen information. The P picture is generated by adding mean differential information of the I picture or the P picture prior to two screens to the forward error data. The B pictures obtained by inserting two screens between the I (or P) picture and the P picture are generated by adding the differential information of the 3 I (or P) picture prior to one screen, the operation value from the P picture after one screen, and the bidirectional error data to each other.
In general, the flicker and resolution of a screen are improved by doubling the horizontal or vertical frequency in processing a digital video signal.
In order to double the horizontal or vertical scanning frequency of a screen, the restored signal should be progressive scan converted or double scan converted by a three dimensional processing block 1000b. Since it is necessary to additionally provide a signal interpolating memory 111 and a motion detecting memory 112 for this, material expenses increase. Partial deterioration of picture quality occurs during the interpolation of a signal according to motion information and due to the restriction on the capacity of a memory.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a horizontal/vertical scanning frequency converting apparatus for use in an MPEG decoding block preferably avoiding the need for a signal interpolating memory and a motion detecting memory.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for changing a horizontal /vertical scanning frequency in a decoding block for restoring an MPEG signal including a prediction memory for storing I picture data and forward prediction restored P picture data and a mean operating unit for generating calculated mean data for bidirectional prediction, comprising a B picture memory for storing B picture data, the B picture data bidirectionally 4 prediction restored by the decoding block, a prediction memory switching portion for switching data output from the decoding block to the prediction memory or the B picture memory depending on the kind of pictures, and an output data switching portion for increasing the horizontal or vertical frequency of data stored in the prediction memory and the B picture memory with respect to a general scanning method, using the motion vector of the decoding block and outputting the data.
Preferably, the period of a data read is reduced to half by setting read clock frequencies of the prediction memory and the B picture memory to be two times higher than the read clock frequencies of a general scanning method.
Preferably, the output data switching portion performs switching control so as to double the vertical scanning frequency of a video signal by repeating output data twice in units of a picture with respect to a general scanning method.
Preferably, the output data switching portion performs switching control so as to repeat the data of a corresponding horizontal line of a previous picture between horizontal lines of a picture when the value of a motion vector is no more than a reference value and to insert the corresponding line data of a previous picture stored in the prediction memory between the horizontal lines of the picture when the value of the motion vector is larger than the reference value.
Preferably, the output data switching portion performs switching control so as to repeat the data of a corresponding horizontal line of previous picture between horizontal lines of a picture when the value of a motion vector is no more than a reference value and to insert the calculated line mean data of the mean operating portion between the horizontal lines of the picture when the value of the motion vector is larger than the reference value.
For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how embodiments of the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows the structure of a horizontal/vertical scanning frequency converting apparatus according to a conventional technology; Figure 2 shows the structure of a horizontal/vertical scanning frequency converting apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 shows the order in which a f rame is encoded and displayed in MPEG; Figure 4A shows the order in which picture data is output in a general scanning method; and Figure 4B shows the order in which picture data is output in a double scan converted mode.
A double scan converting method and a progressive scan converting method are used in order to double the horizontal or vertical scanning frequency of a video signal.
6 The double scan converting method is a video signal format converting method for improving a flicker phenomenon by inserting an interpolated field signal between field signals of a video signal using a motion vector, thus doubling the vertical scanning frequency of an image from 60 (50) Hz to 120 (100) Hz in the case of an NTSC (or PAL) video transmission scheme.
The progressive scan converting method is a format converting method for improving picture quality by inserting an interpolated line signal between the respective horizontal lines of a field signal using a motion vector without converting the vertical frequency of a video signal, thus doubling the horizontal scanning frequency of an image.
A preferred embodiment of a horizontal/vertical scanning frequency converting apparatus is shown in Figure 2. This apparatus is intended for use in an MPEG decoding block and includes a reverse quantizer 201, a reverse DCT unit 202, a mixer 203, a first switching unit 204, a first prediction memory 205, a second prediction memory 206, a B picture memory 207, a mean operating unit 208, a second switching unit 209, and a third switching unit 210.
A double scan converting operation for producing a vertical frequency which is double that of a general scanning method will now be described for the horizontal/vertical scanning frequency converting apparatus of Figure 2.
7 A transmitted video signal is reverse quantized and reverse discrete cosine transformed by the reverse quantizer 201 and the reverse DCT unit 202 into pictures and output depending on a prediction encoding method 5 following the MPEG standard or equivalent.
There is an I picture, a P picture, and a B picture in pictures depending on the prediction encoding method by the MPEG standard. The I picture is a frame encoded by only information of a corresponding screen. The 2 picture is a frame generated by performing prediction from the I picture or the P picture which is a previous screen. The B picture is a frame generated by performing bidirectional prediction from pictures of past and future screens.
As shown in Figure 3, encoded data is input to the decoding block in the order of the I picture, the P picture, and two B pictures.
Then, I, picture data which is the first image data of the group of pictures (GOP) is reverse quantized and reverse discrete cosine transformed and is input to the mixer 203. Since the I, picture comprises only information of a corresponding screen it is not necessary to be predicted, a second switching control signal of the second switching unit 209 lets a signal ("0" input) of a ground terminal output to the mixer 203. Therefore, a first switching control signal controls the first switching unit 204 so that the 01, picture data is stored in the prediction memory 205 without being predicted.
Error data for forward prediction of a P, picture which is the second image data of the GOPs is reverse 8 discrete cosine transformed and input to the mixer 203. At this time, the I, picture data stored in the first prediction memory 205 is output to the mixer 203 through the second switching unit 209. Accordingly, the error data of the P, picture is added to the data of the I, picture by the mixer 203, thus a forward predicted picture P, is obtained. The data of the forward predicted picture P, is switched by the first switching unit to the second prediction memory 206 where it is stored.
Then, the error data for bidirectionally predicting the B, picture which is the third image data of the G0Ps is reverse discrete cosine transformed and is input to the adder 203. At this time, the, I, picture stored in the first prediction memory 205 and the P, picture stored in the second prediction memory 206 are read and mean calculated by the mean operator 208. The mean operated data is output to the mixer 203 through the second switching unit 209 in response to the second switching control signal. Then, the error data for the bidirectional prediction is added to the bidirectional mean calculated data. The bidirectionally predicted B, picture is output from the mixer 203.
The bidirectionally predicted B, picture is received by the first switching unit 204 and is stored in the B picture memory 207.
When the B, picture data is stored in the B picture memory 207, the frequency of the read clock signal of the first and second prediction memories 205 and 206 and the B picture memory 207 is set to be double that of the general scanning method.The I, picture data stored in the first 9 prediction memory 205 is continuously read repeatedly. The same I, picture is output twice through the third switching unit 210 as shown in Figure 4B.
Then, error data for bidirectionally predicting a B2 picture which is the fourth image data of the G0Ps is reverse discrete cosine transformed and input to the mixer 203. At this time, the I, picture stored in the first prediction memory 205 and the P, picture stored in the second prediction memory 206 are read and are mean calculated by the mean operating unit 208. The mean calculated data is output to the mixer 203 through the second switching unit 209 in response to the second switching control signal. Then, the error data for bidirectionally predicting the B2 picture is added to the bidirectional mean calculated data. The bidirectionally predicted picture B2 is Output from the mixer 203.
If the motion information transmitted from a 20 transmitting side when the bidirectionally predicted B2 picture is operated is no more than a certain threshold value, the B, picture data stored in the B picture memory 207 is read two times faster using a clock signal having double the frequency of that used in a general scanning method and is output twice repeatedly. If the motion information is no less than the threshold value, the operation output of the data stored in the first and second prediction memories 205 and 206 is quickly read from the mean operating unit 208 and output.
The respective pictures are each output twice, as compared to once in the general scanning method shown in Figure 4A, as shown in Figure 4B by repeating the above operation. Accordingly, the field frequency is doubled.
Thus, it is possible to obtain a double scan converted output signal in which the vertical scanning frequency of the video signal is doubled.
A progressive scan converting operation for producing a horizontal scanning frequency which is double that of the general scanning method will now be described for the preferred horizontal/vertical scanning frequency converting apparatus shown in Figure 2.
The operation of the structure of Figure 2 is basically the same. It is possible to reduce the capacity of the B picture memory 207 by using a line memory without a field or frame memory like in the double scan conversion.
The I picture or P picture data stored in the f irst and second prediction memories 205 and 206 by the forward or bidirectional prediction operates in the same way as that of the double scan conversion.
The data stored in the first and second prediction memories 205 and 206 or the B picture memory 207 to be output to the third switching unit 210 is read in order to insert a new line signal between horizontal lines. To achieve this, a switching control is performed so as to repeatedly read the data of a previous horizontal line and output the read data to between the horizontal lines of the respective pictures when the magnitude of the motion vector is no more than a reference value and to read the corresponding line data of a previous picture stored in the first and second prediction memories 205 and 206 and insert the read data into between the horizontal lines of the respective pictures when the magnitude of the motion vector is larger than the reference value.
Unlike the above method, it is possible to double the horizontal scanning frequency by performing a switching control so as to repeat the data of a previous horizontal line when the value of the motion vector is no more than a reference value and to insert mean calculated data of the respective corresponding lines of the pictures stored in the first and second prediction memories 205 and 206, calculated by the mean operating unit 208 when the value of the motion vector is larger than the reference value.
It is possible to simply perform restoration of a signal and three dimensional format conversion for converting a horizontal/vertical scanning frequency, for example, the double scan conversion or the progressive scan conversion, in the MPEG decoding block by the above operation, without requiring a signal interpolating memory and a motion detecting memory.
It is possible to reduce material expenses by doubling the horizontal/vertical scanning frequency of the video signal and by not adding the motion detecting memory and the signal interpolating memory in a process of restoring the signal of the MPEG decoding block and to prevent partial deterioration of picture quality which occurs during the signal interpolation depending on the motion information due to the restrictions on the memory capacity.
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extend to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for changing a horizontal/vertical scanning frequency, the apparatus for use in a decoding block for restoring an MPEG signal including a prediction memory for storing I picture data and forward prediction restored P picture data and a mean operating unit for _0 generating calculated mean data for bidirectional prediction, the apparatus comprising:
a B picture memory for storing B picture data, the B picture data being bidirectionally prediction restored by the decoding block; a prediction memory switching portion for switching data output from the decoding block to the prediction memory or the B picture memory depending on the kind of pictures; and an output data switching portion for increasing the switching frequency of data stored in the prediction memory and the B picture memory with respect to a general scanning method, using the motion vector of the decoding block and outputting the data.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the period of a data read is reduced to half by setting read clock frequencies of the prediction memory and the B picture memory to be two times higher than the read clock frequencies of a general scanning method.
i \I- 14
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the output data switching portion performs switching control so as to double the vertical scanning frequency of a video signal by repeating output data twice in units of a picture with 5 respect to a general scanning method.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the output data switching portion performs switching control so as to repeat the data of a corresponding horizontal line of a previous picture between horizontal lines of a picture when the value of a motion vector is no more than a reference value and to insert the corresponding line data of a previous picture stored in the prediction memory between the horizontal lines of the picture when the value of the motion vector is larger than the reference value.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the output data switching portion performs switching control so as to repeat the data of a corresponding horizontal line of previous picture between horizontal lines of a picture when the value of a motion vector is no more than a reference value and to insert the calculated line mean data of the mean operating portion between the horizontal lines of the picture when the value of the motion vector is larger than the reference value.
6. An apparatus for changing a horizontal or vertical scanning frequency, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 2 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019980024996A KR100284696B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | Horizontal / Vertical Frequency Converter in MPEG Decoding Block |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9913162D0 GB9913162D0 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
| GB2341032A true GB2341032A (en) | 2000-03-01 |
| GB2341032B GB2341032B (en) | 2001-06-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9913162A Expired - Fee Related GB2341032B (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1999-06-08 | Horizontal/vertical scanning frequency converting apparatus in MPEG decoding block |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6904093B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100284696B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1203655C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2341032B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2460471C (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2012-02-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Picture encoding method and picture decoding method |
| CN1315101C (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2007-05-09 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Picture processing method and device of motion image expert group |
| KR100885783B1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2009-02-26 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | Flash memory device and method of operating the same |
| CN101901588B (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2012-07-04 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method for smoothly displaying image of embedded system |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0648046A2 (en) * | 1993-10-11 | 1995-04-12 | THOMSON multimedia | Method and apparatus for motion compensated interpolation of intermediate fields or frames |
| EP0781041A1 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-06-25 | THOMSON multimedia | Progressive frames interpolation system |
| GB2326790A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1998-12-30 | Lg Electronics Inc | Converting frame rate in MPEG decoding |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2267194B (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1995-10-04 | Sony Broadcast & Communication | Apparatus and method for processing image data |
| EP0588181B1 (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 2000-11-15 | THOMSON multimedia | Method and apparatus for noise reduction |
| US5608459A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1997-03-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Video data decoder having motion compensation and image memory circuitry on single substrate |
| CN1085466C (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 2002-05-22 | 株式会社金星社 | B-frame processing apparatus including a motion compensation apparatus in the unit of half pixel for an image decoder |
| US5642170A (en) * | 1993-10-11 | 1997-06-24 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, S.A. | Method and apparatus for motion compensated interpolation of intermediate fields or frames |
| EP0710028A3 (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 2000-01-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image decoding apparatus |
| US5754241A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1998-05-19 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd | Video decoder capable of controlling encoded video data |
| KR100396971B1 (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 2003-11-03 | 산요덴키가부시키가이샤 | Video decoder having error detection and processing function of encoded vided data |
| JP3635712B2 (en) * | 1995-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | ソニー株式会社 | Image information decoding apparatus and image information reproducing apparatus |
| FR2742901B1 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1998-02-13 | Thomson Multimedia Sa | CORRECTION METHOD OF MOTION ESTIMATION IN IMAGES WITH PERIODIC STRUCTURES |
| JPH1079941A (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-24 | Fujitsu Ltd | Picture processor |
| JP3514063B2 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 2004-03-31 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Receiver |
| KR100260126B1 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 2000-07-01 | 구자홍 | Image data displaying/saving apparatus and method for television with viewer screen display function |
-
1998
- 1998-06-29 KR KR1019980024996A patent/KR100284696B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-06-01 CN CNB991069374A patent/CN1203655C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-08 US US09/328,007 patent/US6904093B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-08 GB GB9913162A patent/GB2341032B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0648046A2 (en) * | 1993-10-11 | 1995-04-12 | THOMSON multimedia | Method and apparatus for motion compensated interpolation of intermediate fields or frames |
| EP0781041A1 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-06-25 | THOMSON multimedia | Progressive frames interpolation system |
| GB2326790A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1998-12-30 | Lg Electronics Inc | Converting frame rate in MPEG decoding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1203655C (en) | 2005-05-25 |
| CN1242665A (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| KR20000003726A (en) | 2000-01-25 |
| GB9913162D0 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
| US6904093B1 (en) | 2005-06-07 |
| GB2341032B (en) | 2001-06-27 |
| KR100284696B1 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
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| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
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