GB2312877A - Side impact air-bag with tensioned strap - Google Patents

Side impact air-bag with tensioned strap Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2312877A
GB2312877A GB9609753A GB9609753A GB2312877A GB 2312877 A GB2312877 A GB 2312877A GB 9609753 A GB9609753 A GB 9609753A GB 9609753 A GB9609753 A GB 9609753A GB 2312877 A GB2312877 A GB 2312877A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
bag
air
strap
arrangement according
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9609753A
Other versions
GB9609753D0 (en
GB2312877B (en
Inventor
Alois Juchem
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Autoliv Development AB
Original Assignee
Autoliv Development AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Autoliv Development AB filed Critical Autoliv Development AB
Priority to GB9609753A priority Critical patent/GB2312877B/en
Publication of GB9609753D0 publication Critical patent/GB9609753D0/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000748 priority patent/WO1997043146A1/en
Publication of GB2312877A publication Critical patent/GB2312877A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2312877B publication Critical patent/GB2312877B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/23Inflatable members
    • B60R21/231Inflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration
    • B60R21/2334Expansion control features
    • B60R21/2338Tethers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/23Inflatable members
    • B60R21/231Inflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration
    • B60R21/232Curtain-type airbags deploying mainly in a vertical direction from their top edge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/23Inflatable members
    • B60R21/231Inflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration
    • B60R21/2334Expansion control features
    • B60R21/2338Tethers
    • B60R2021/23382Internal tether means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/23Inflatable members
    • B60R21/231Inflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration
    • B60R21/2334Expansion control features
    • B60R21/2338Tethers
    • B60R2021/23386External tether means

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

The air-bag 20 is associated with a strap 5 which extends between two anchoring points 11,7 on the A- and B-pillars respectively. The air-bag and strap are stored in a recess along the top of the door and along the A-pillar; the strap is therefore longer than the distance between the anchoring points 11,7. When the air-bag is inflated, parts of the strap are caused to follow a non-linear or convoluted path, applying tension to the strap. Either the strap can pass alteratively in front of and behind a plurality of cells 21,22,23... defined by the air-bag, as in fig.5 or the strap can be constrained to follow a zig-zag path within the interior of the air-bag as in fig.2. The air-bag is thus made rigid enough to protect the occupant even if the side window is broken during a side impact.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO AN AIR-BAG ARRANGENENT" THE PRESENT INVENTION relates to an air-bag arrangement, and more particularly relates to an air-bag arrangement in a motor vehicle such as a motor car.
It is known to provide air-bags in motor vehicles, such as motor cars, which air-bags are adapted to inflate in the event that an accident should arise, to provide protection for an occupant of the vehicle.
It has been proposed to provide an air-bag which, when inflated, is located between the head of an occupant of the vehicle and a window present in a door of the vehicle. The purpose of such an air-bag is to prevent the head of the occupant of the vehicle hitting the window and also to prevent the head of the occupant front emerging through the window opening if the window should be broken, or in the lowered position.
If the air-bag is to perform the desired function of retaining the head of the occupant in the vehicle when the window has been broken, an event which frequently arises during a side impact, the air-bag must have sufficient rigidity.
The present invention therefore seeks to provide an air-bag arrangement comprising an air-bag which, when inflated, possesses inherent rigidity.
According to this invention there is provided an air-bag arrangement for a motor vehicle, the air-bag arrangement comprising an air-bag adapted to be inflated in the event that an accident should arise and a strap, the strap having a first end secured to a first anchoring point and a second end secured to a second anchoring point, the length of the strap being greater than the linear distance between the anchoring points, the strap engaging the airbag or means associated with the air-bag so that, on inflation of the air-bag, the strap follows a non-linear path, the arrangement being such that when the air-bag is inflated, the strap is substantially tensioned.
Preferably the air-bag is formed of two layers of fabric which form, respectively, the front of the air-bag and the back of the air-bag, the strap having successive portions which are constrained to lie adjacent the fabric forming the front of the bag and the fabric forming the back of the bag.
Conveniently the strap passes through the interior of the air-bag and is constrained to lie adjacent the fabric forming the front of the bag and the fabric forming the back of the bag at selected points.
Advantageously the means provided to restrain the belt to lie adjacent the fabric forming the front of the bag and the back of the bag, comprise one or more internal loops provided within the air-bag, the strap sliding freely through the loops.
In an alternative embodiment the air-bag is divided into a plurality of cells which extend substantially parallel to each other in a direction transverse to the axis of the strap, the strap passing in front or and behind successive alternate cells.
Preferably the cells are separated by webs, the belt passing through an aperture formed in each web between each adjacent pair of cells.
Conveniently the air-bag, when inflated, is located across a door opening provided in a motor vehicle, the airbag being positioned substantially in alignment with a window opening present in a door provided in the door opening.
Preferably the length of the combination of the bag and the strap is greater when the bag is uninflated than when the bag is inflated.
Advantageously said one end of the strap is located adjacent the top of the "B"-Post of the motor vehicle and said other end of the strap is located at a point on the "A"-Post of the motor vehicle.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, and so that further features thereof may be appreciated, the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the invention when the air-bag is inflated, FIGURE 2 is a sectional view taken through the embodiment of Figure 1, FIGURE 3 is an enlarged view of part of the interior of the air-bag of Figures 1 and 2, FIGURE 4 is a perspective view corresponding to Figure 1, but illustrating an alternative embodiment of the invention, FIGURE 5 is a sectional view taken through the embodiment of Figure 4, FIGURE 6 is an enlarged view of part of the air-bag shown in Figures 4 and 5, with part cut away for the sake of clarity of illustration.
Referring initially to Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings, one embodiment of an air-bag arrangement is illustrated. The illustrated air-bag arrangement incorporates an air-bag 1 which, when in the inflated condition (as shown) extends across a door opening 2 defined by a motor vehicle. The door opening 2 is intended to accommodate a door, and the door would have a window 3 as indicated in phantom.
The air-bag 1 is initially retained within a recess which extends across the top of the door opening, the recess being provided with a cover 4. In an initial condition of the air-bag arrangement, the air-bag and an associated strap (which will be described in more detail below) will be received within the recess and will be covered by the cover 4 so as to be unobtrusive. In the event that an accident arises and the air-bag is inflated, the air-bag 1 occupies the position illustrated in Figure 1 where the air-bag is located in the region of the top part of the door opening 2.
It can be seen that the air-bag 1 comprises a single chamber bag which is associated with a strap 5. The bag is made of fabric which defines the front of the bag directed towards the interior of the vehicle - and the back of the bag - which lies adjacent the window. The strap 5 has a first portion 6 which is connected by means of a bolt or other fastening 7 to part of the monocoque shell of the motor vehicle at an anchoring point adjacent the top of the "B"-Post 8 of the vehicle. The strap 5 includes a further strap portion 9 which is located within the interior of the bag. A final strap portion 10 is provided which extends from another part of the bag and is connected by means of a bolt or other fastening 11 to an anchoring point on the "A" -Post of the door opening 2.
The strap 5 must have sufficient length to extend across the top of the door opening and along the "A" -Post when the bag and the strap are initially stored within the recess. Consequently, the strap has a length which is greater than the distance between the bolt 7 and the bolt 11.
As can be seen from Figure 2 and Figure 3, the strap 9 extends across the interior of the air-bag 1, when it is inflated, in a zig-zag manner. The strap 9 passes through a plurality of securing loops such as the securing loop 12 shown in Figure 3, which effectively constrain successive portions of the strap to lie adjacent the fabric forming the front of the bag and the fabric forming the back of the bag, on the interior of the bag 1, at successive points on opposed sides of the bag. It is preferred that the portion 9 of the strap 5 within the bag 1 can slide freely between the loops 12, but one or more predetermined points of the strap may be secured substantially permanently to selected points on the interior of the bag 1 to provide an equivalent effect.
It is to be understood that as the air-bag 1 is inflated, the portion 9 of the strap 5 within the interior of the bag is caused to adopt the non-linear or convoluted path constituted by the zig-zag configuration which is illustrated in Figure 2, thus effectively "shortening" the strap and causing the strap to be tensioned or tightened.
Thus, even though the strap in its relaxed state has a length which is greater than the distance between the bolts 7 and 11, because the portion 9 of the strap occupies the zig-zag configuration of Figure 2, nevertheless the strap is tensioned, and consequently imparts a degree of rigidity to the air-bag when in the inflated state.
The shape of the portion of the strap which has the zig-zag configuration and the shape of the bag together with the pressure of gas in the bag determine the tension applied to the strap when the bag is inflated. The greater the tension, the greater is the rigidity of the bag. If the bag is very rigid, it will be able to withstand a substantial force.
Thus, the air-bag serves to minimise any risk of the head of the occupant of the vehicle moving outwardly through the opening provided for the window 3, even if the glass forming the window has been broken.
Figures 4 to 6 illustrate a second embodiment of the invention. Those features of the two embodiments which correspond are identified by corresponding reference numerals and will not be re-described in detail.
In the embodiment of Figures 4 to 6 the air-bag 20 is formed of a plurality of discrete cells 21 to 25, which are separated by webs of fabric 26 to 29. The cells and the webs provided between the cells extend substantially vertically. Each web of fabric, such as the web 26 which is shown on an enlarged scale in Figure 6, is provided with an aperture 30.
It can be seen that the strap 5 has regions which pass in front of certain cells, such as the region 31, which passes in front of the cell 21 and the region 32, which passes in front of the cell 23. The strap has other regions, such as the region 33 which passes behind the cell 22 and the region 34 which passes between the cell 24.
Thus, the strap passes alternately in front of and behind adjacent cells, the strap thus having successive portions that are constrained to lie adjacent the fabric forming the front of the bag and the fabric forming the back of the bag.
The cell 21 is provided, at the edge adjacent the "B"-Post 8, with a flap 35 that defines a further aperture 36 through which the strap passes.
It is to be appreciated that the strap 5 has an initial length which is greater than the linear distance between the bolts 7 and 11, thus enabling the strap and the air-bag to be stored within the recess provided for that purpose which extends above the door opening. When the air-bag is inflated, because the strap is caused to follow a non-linear or sinuous path which alternatively passes in front of and behind the adjacent cells of the air-bag, as can be seen in Figure 5, a tension is applied to the strap, making the air-bag itself substantially rigid.
Whilst the invention has been described with reference to two embodiments, it is to be appreciated that many modifications may be effected within the scope of the invention.
The embodiments of air-bag described above may be manufactured with a one-piece weaving technique. Separate layers of fabric which form the front and rear of the airbag are woven simultaneously and in pre-selected areas the threads from the two layers are inter-woven so that effectively in these areas, a single integral layer is formed.
Whilst air-bags in accordance with the invention have been illustrated, as extending across a single window opening, it is to be appreciated that air-bags in accordance with the invention may find other applications where it is desired to provide a substantially rigid airbag which is, effectively, self-supporting. For example, an air-bag in accordance with the invention may be provided which, when inflated, is located adjacent the window in both the back door and the front door of a motor vehicle.
Alternatively, an air-bag in accordance with the present invention may be provided which extends transversely across the passenger cabin of a motor vehicle at a location adjacent the backs of the seats provided for the driver and front passenger. Such an air-bag may minimise the risk of a rear passenger being thrown forwardly and through the windscreen of a vehicle.

Claims (12)

CLAIMS:
1. An air-bag arrangement for a motor vehicle, the air-bag arrangement comprising an air-bag adapted to be inflated in the event that an accident should arise and a strap, the strap having a first end secured to a first anchoring point and a second end secured to a second anchoring point, the length of the strap being greater than the linear distance between the anchoring points, the strap engaging the air-bag or means associated with the air-bag so that, on inflation of the air-bag, the strap follows a non-linear path, the arrangement being such that when the air-bag is inflated, the strap is substantially tensioned.
2. An arrangement according to Claim 1 wherein the air-bag is formed of two layers of fabric which form, respectively, the front of the air-bag and the back of the air-bag, the strap having successive portions which are constrained to lie adjacent the fabric forming the front of the bag and the fabric forming the back of the bag.
3. An arrangement according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the strap passes through the interior of the air-bag and is constrained to lie adjacent the fabric forming the front of the bag and the fabric forming the back of the bag at selected points.
4. An arrangement according to Claim 3 wherein the means provided to restrain the belt to lie adjacent the fabric forming the front of the bag and the back of the bag, comprise one or more internal loops provided within the air-bag, the strap sliding freely through the loops.
5. An arrangement according to any one of Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the air-bag is divided into a plurality of cells which extend substantially parallel to each other in a direction transverse to the axis of the strap, the strap passing in front or and behind successive alternate cells.
6. An arrangement according to Claim 5 wherein the cells are separated by webs, the belt passing through an aperture formed in each web between each adjacent pair of cells.
7. An arrangement according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the air-bag, when inflated, is located across a door opening provided in a motor vehicle, the air-bag being positioned substantially in alignment with a window opening present in a door provided in the door opening.
8. An arrangement according to Claim 7 wherein the bag and strap, prior to inflation of the bag, are stored above the door opening in the roof of the vehicle.
9. An arrangement according to Claim 7 or 8 wherein said one end of the strap is located adjacent the top of the "B"-Post of the motor vehicle and said other end of the strap is located at a point on the "A"-Post of the motor vehicle.
10. An air-bag arrangement substantially as herein described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings.
11. An air-bag arrangement substantially as herein described with reference to and as shown in Figures 4 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
12. Any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein.
GB9609753A 1996-05-10 1996-05-10 Improvements in or relating to an air-bag arrangement Expired - Fee Related GB2312877B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9609753A GB2312877B (en) 1996-05-10 1996-05-10 Improvements in or relating to an air-bag arrangement
PCT/SE1997/000748 WO1997043146A1 (en) 1996-05-10 1997-05-06 An air-bag arrangement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9609753A GB2312877B (en) 1996-05-10 1996-05-10 Improvements in or relating to an air-bag arrangement

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9609753D0 GB9609753D0 (en) 1996-07-17
GB2312877A true GB2312877A (en) 1997-11-12
GB2312877B GB2312877B (en) 2000-04-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9609753A Expired - Fee Related GB2312877B (en) 1996-05-10 1996-05-10 Improvements in or relating to an air-bag arrangement

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GB (1) GB2312877B (en)
WO (1) WO1997043146A1 (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2333071A (en) * 1998-01-13 1999-07-14 Autoliv Dev Elongate side impact airbag
GB2341357A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-15 Rover Group An air bag arrangement
US6152481A (en) * 1998-08-03 2000-11-28 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Side restraint assembly
EP1080997A2 (en) * 1999-09-01 2001-03-07 TRW Occupant Restraint Systems GmbH & Co. KG Airbag protection device
EP1201509A1 (en) * 2000-10-07 2002-05-02 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. A rollover curtain for a vehicle
JP2002193067A (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd Occupant restricting device
US6494486B2 (en) * 1996-12-17 2002-12-17 Takata-Petri Ag Gas bag device with a tensioning cord and automobile therewith
CN1329227C (en) * 2003-11-27 2007-08-01 丰田合成株式会社 Head-protecting airbag
DE102007050136A1 (en) 2007-10-19 2009-04-23 Autoliv Development Ab Suspended airbag-device for use in motor vehicle, has clamping section provided at front or rear end area of air bag cover, completely closed recesses provided adjacent to clamping section, and clamping element deflected to roller
US8282125B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2012-10-09 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Side curtain airbag
DE102012008114A1 (en) * 2012-04-25 2013-10-31 Trw Automotive Gmbh Airbag for a vehicle occupant restraint system
US8573637B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2013-11-05 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Side curtain airbag and method and apparatus for manufacturing a side curtain airbag
US20140035265A1 (en) * 2011-04-20 2014-02-06 Autoliv Development Ab Curtain airbag device for vehicle
US9862348B2 (en) 2004-07-26 2018-01-09 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Side curtain airbag

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JP3455840B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2003-10-14 豊田合成株式会社 Side airbag device airbag
SE513394C2 (en) * 1998-12-22 2000-09-04 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab Protective device for bed in vehicles
US6237945B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2001-05-29 Lear Corporation Passenger restraint system
JP2001047962A (en) * 1999-08-09 2001-02-20 Takata Corp Protection bag for protecting head part of automobile occupant, protection device, and automobile
US6176515B1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-01-23 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflatable curtain with positioning device
US6237939B1 (en) * 2000-01-21 2001-05-29 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflatable curtain
DE10022078B4 (en) * 2000-05-03 2005-03-10 Takata Petri Ag Side impact protection device for vehicles
ES2168960B1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2003-11-01 Dalphi Metal Espana Sa PERFECTED VOLUMETRIC CURTAIN.
US6464250B1 (en) 2000-07-05 2002-10-15 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflatable curtain with slidable tether
DE10140982A1 (en) 2000-08-25 2002-03-07 Trw Repa Gmbh Vehicle passenger side protection system with air bags
US6505853B2 (en) 2001-03-07 2003-01-14 Trw Inc. Inflatable curtain with positioning device
JP2018100003A (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-28 三菱自動車工業株式会社 Curtain airbag device

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6494486B2 (en) * 1996-12-17 2002-12-17 Takata-Petri Ag Gas bag device with a tensioning cord and automobile therewith
GB2333071A (en) * 1998-01-13 1999-07-14 Autoliv Dev Elongate side impact airbag
GB2333071B (en) * 1998-01-13 2002-01-23 Autoliv Dev Improvements in or relating to a safety arrangement
US6152481A (en) * 1998-08-03 2000-11-28 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Side restraint assembly
GB2341357A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-15 Rover Group An air bag arrangement
GB2341357B (en) * 1998-09-11 2002-04-03 Rover Group An air bag arrangement
EP1080997A2 (en) * 1999-09-01 2001-03-07 TRW Occupant Restraint Systems GmbH & Co. KG Airbag protection device
EP1080997A3 (en) * 1999-09-01 2002-11-20 TRW Occupant Restraint Systems GmbH & Co. KG Airbag protection device
EP1201509A1 (en) * 2000-10-07 2002-05-02 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. A rollover curtain for a vehicle
JP2002193067A (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd Occupant restricting device
CN1329227C (en) * 2003-11-27 2007-08-01 丰田合成株式会社 Head-protecting airbag
US9862348B2 (en) 2004-07-26 2018-01-09 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Side curtain airbag
DE102007050136A1 (en) 2007-10-19 2009-04-23 Autoliv Development Ab Suspended airbag-device for use in motor vehicle, has clamping section provided at front or rear end area of air bag cover, completely closed recesses provided adjacent to clamping section, and clamping element deflected to roller
DE102007050136B4 (en) * 2007-10-19 2014-03-13 Autoliv Development Ab Airbag facility
US8282125B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2012-10-09 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Side curtain airbag
US8573637B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2013-11-05 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Side curtain airbag and method and apparatus for manufacturing a side curtain airbag
US20140035265A1 (en) * 2011-04-20 2014-02-06 Autoliv Development Ab Curtain airbag device for vehicle
US8876155B2 (en) * 2011-04-20 2014-11-04 Autoliv Development Ab Curtain airbag device for vehicle
US10040417B2 (en) 2011-05-02 2018-08-07 Nxgen Technologies Llc Side curtain airbag and method and apparatus for manufacturing a side curtain airbag
DE102012008114A1 (en) * 2012-04-25 2013-10-31 Trw Automotive Gmbh Airbag for a vehicle occupant restraint system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9609753D0 (en) 1996-07-17
WO1997043146A1 (en) 1997-11-20
GB2312877B (en) 2000-04-05

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20100510