GB2303005A - Controlling electrical supply to a consumer - Google Patents

Controlling electrical supply to a consumer Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2303005A
GB2303005A GB9513437A GB9513437A GB2303005A GB 2303005 A GB2303005 A GB 2303005A GB 9513437 A GB9513437 A GB 9513437A GB 9513437 A GB9513437 A GB 9513437A GB 2303005 A GB2303005 A GB 2303005A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
consumer
circuit
current
value
contactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9513437A
Other versions
GB9513437D0 (en
Inventor
Kenneth Payne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Landis and Gyr Ltd
Original Assignee
Ampy Automotion Digilog Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ampy Automotion Digilog Ltd filed Critical Ampy Automotion Digilog Ltd
Priority to GB9513437A priority Critical patent/GB2303005A/en
Publication of GB9513437D0 publication Critical patent/GB9513437D0/en
Priority to ZA9510801A priority patent/ZA9510801B/en
Publication of GB2303005A publication Critical patent/GB2303005A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection

Landscapes

  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

The level of current drawn by a consumer circuit 26, 28 from a mains supply 10, 12 is measured by a shunt 22, 24. A controller 18 compares the measured current with a preset value and produces a control signal dependent on the compared values. If the preset value is exceeded, a contactor 16 is opened. The controller 18 now applies a test signal from a supply 20 to the consumer circuit. The resultant current is measured by shunt 22, 24 and monitored by controller 18. If it is below a second preset value, indicating that the excess load has been removed, the test supply 20 is turned off and contactor 16 reclosed to restore supply to the consumer.

Description

Title: Control Apparatus Field of the invention This invention relates to control apparatus for use in limiting the amount of electricity supplied to a consumer.
Background to the invention In some countries, electricity supplied to a consumer is charged at a fixed amount per period, for example monthly. The consumer is then allowed a limited amount of electrical energy or load current, which is by local agreement. The supply to the consumer is via a load limiting switch, or contactor. If the consumer applies a load to the supply which is greater than the agreed limit, the electricity supply to the consumer is automatically dIsconnected by the contractor. The consumer must then reduce the load on the supply before manually resetting the contactor to resume the supply of electricity.
The device for resetting the contactor has to be accessible to the consumer, and typically the contactor is also readily accessible to the consumer. This can lead to fratad of the supplying authority, for example, by the consumer applying a short circuit around the cortactor OL permanently tixing the reset mechanism in the reset position, allowing the consumer to draw more current than the agreed limit.
Summarv o the invent Ion According to one aspect of tne invention, a method for controlling the supply of electricity to a consumer is provided comprising the steps of: a) Measuring the level of current drawn by a consumers circuit with current measuring means to produce a first value representing the load current; b) using a controlling means to compare the first value with a first preset value accessible by the controlling means, and produce a control signal dependent on the compared values; and c) operating a contaotr in response to the control signal, between a first position which allows current flow to the consumer and a second position which stops current flow to the consumer.
Advantageously the method comprises te further steps of: a) using a current production means to provide a test siganl when the contactor is in the second position so as to determine the electrical load in tne consumer circuit and supplying a second value representative of the load to the controlling means; and b; using the controlling means to compare the second value with a second present value so as to produce a second control sigani to operate the contactor.
Typically once the second value is below the second preset value, the second control signal restores the ccntactor to its first position and therefore the current flow to the consumer.
According to another aspect of the invention, a control apparatus for "se with an electrical supply to a consumer circuit is provided, comprising sensing means for detecting the level of load current rrawn by a consumer Lrcui', and controlling means for controlling the current flow to the circuit, wherein the level of load current is sensed to provide a first value which is compared with a preset value by the controlling means, and the controlling means provides a control signal to determine the current flow to the consumer depending on whether the first value is above or below the preset value.
Typically the controlling means will prevent current flow to the consumer when the first value representing the load current is above the preset value and allows current flow to the consumer as long as the first value is below the preset value.
Preferably the controlling means further comprises a contactor which is operable between a first position to make the circuit between the electrical supply and the consumer circuit, and â second position to break the circuit and prevent current supply to the consumer circuit, such that in use the control signal causes the contractor to move between its two positions.
Advantageously the contactor may be placed remote from the consumer so as to reduce the likelihood of it being tampered with, for example to obtain unauthorised levels of current.
Tn a preferred embodiment of the invention, the controlrg means further comprises a current signal production means to provide a test current for supply to the consumer circuit so that the sensing means provides a second value representing the amount of current load in the consumer circuit when the contactor is in the second position. Typically the test current is ow very low amperage so that the test current cannot be used by the consumer t operate any normal current load devices.
Preferably therefore the second value Is compared te a second preset value by the controlling means and when the second value falls below the second present value, the controlling means provides a second signal to the contactor to move the contactor to the first position to make the contact and supply electricity to the consumer Preferably the sensing occurs continually although it may occur at discrete tine intervals. This ensures that the contactor is continually responsive to the controlling means to restore or remove the electrical connection as appropriate.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to Figure 1 which shows a schematic view of an electrical supply system incorporating control apparatus in accordance with the invention.
Description The invention concerns the supply of electricity to a consumer where the supply is disconnected from the consumer when the electrical energy or current drawn exceeds a predetermined level. The system described below continually measures the current drawn by the consumer from an electricity distribution network. If the current drawn by the consumers circuit is above a predetermIned limit due to too much electrical load, disconnects the consumer. Once the consumer has removed the excess current load in th circuit, the system automatically reconnects the corsu^e.
Figure i shows control apparatus in accordance it the invention for use in a circuit supplying mains elc-ctricity te a consumer. Live wire 10 and neutral wire 12 are connected to the local distributlon network, with wire 12 being directly connected to the consumers supply by neutral wire 28. The control apparatus to control the electricity supplied to the consumer is connected between the live and neutral wires.
The control apparatus comprises a power supply 14, a contractor 16, circuit means 18, a test supply 20, current measuring neans 22 and further circuit means 24. The electricity supplied to the consumer is supplied by continuations of the wires 10,12, namely live wire 26 and neutral wire 28.
The power supply 14 is permanently connected to the incoming electricity supply by placing it across wires 10, 12 before the placing of contactor 16 in wire 10. Operation of contactor 16 is controlled by the electronic circuit means IS, the contractor being operable between two positions one of which enables current flow te the consumer, the other position interrupting the current flow. The test supply 20 supplies a test current for determining the load in the consumer circuit when current flow to the consumer is interrupted by the contactor 16. The test supply 20 may be provided by a low voltage alternating current, direct current or by means of a pulse.Circuit means 24 detects the current drawn by the consumer for measurement by the current measuring means 22, which is typically a current shunt.
The current measuring means 22 and the contactor 16 are placed in a position which is inaccessible to the consumer. This reduces the possibility of consumer fraud by tampering with either the contactor or the current measuring means.
In operation, the shunt 22 and circuit means 24 continuously measure the load current drawn by the consumer. circuit means 24 and shunt 22 supply a signal representative of the amount of current being drawn by the consumer to the circuit means 18 via connection 26. The circuit means, or controller, 18 compares the value represented by this signal with a preset value which represents the maximum allowable current that the consumer is allowed to draw from the distributIon network.
When the value of signal 26 exceeds the preset value, controller 18 issues an cpen command via line 23 to the contactor 16. This breaks the contact of live wire 13 with live wire 26, ad thus stops the supply of electricity to the consumer.
Once the contactor 16 is in the open position, controller 18 instructs, via line 32, the test supply 20 to apply knawn test signal to the consumer supply circuit. This is typically a very small current that will not enable usage of any electrical devices by the consumer and may be provided by a pulse through the system at set intervals. Shunt 22 and circuit means 24 measure response of the consumer circuit to the test signal. A signal representative of the consumer circuit response 20 is provided to controller 18 via line 26.
Controller 18 monitors the value of this signal and if its value is zero or below a second preset value, the excess load has been removed. Once this is determined, the test supply 20 is switched off bv the controller 18 via line 26. After removing the test supply, the controller 18 will close the contactor 16 via line 30, restoring the supply to the consumer.
The controller 18 then continues to monitor the current drawn by the consumer unt5 the load current exceeds the first preset value when the process is repeated. The control apparatus can be remote from the consumer as no manual intervention by the consumer is recui-sd to restore the electrical supply, resumption of susp' beIng automatic once the load in tne consumers circuit is reduced. Remote positioning of the control apparatus acts to further reduce the risk of tampering and fraud.

Claims (11)

1. A method for controlling the supply of electricity to a consumer comprising the steps of: a) Measuring the level of current drawn by a consumers circuit with current measuring means to produce a first value representing the load current; b) using a controlling means to compare the first value with a first preset value accessible by the controlling means to thereby produce a control signal dependent on the compared values; and c) operating a contactor in response to the control signal, between a first position which allows current flow to the consumer and a second position which stops current flow to the consumer.
2. A method according to claim 1, the method comprising the further steps of: a) using a current production means to provide a test signal when the contactor is in the second position so as to determine the electrical load in the consumer circuit and supplying a second value representative of the load to the controlling means; and b) using the controlling means to compare the second value with a second preset value so as to produce a second control signal to operate the contactor.
3. A control apparatus for use in an electrical supply to a consumer circuit, comprising sensing means for detecting the level of load current drawn by a consumer circuit, and controlling means for controlling the current flow to the circuit, wherein the level of load current is sensed to provide a first value which is compared with a preset value by the controlling means, and the controlling means provides a control signal to determine the current flow to the consumer depending on whether the first value is above or below the preset value.
4. A control apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the controlling means prevents current flow to the consumer when the first value representing the load current is above the preset value and allows current flow to the consumer as long as the first value is below the preset value.
5. A control apparatus according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the controlling means further comprises a contactor which is operable between a first position to make the circuit between the electrical supply and the consumer circuit, and a second position to break the circuit and prevent current supply to the consumer circuit, such that in use the control signal causes the contractor to move between its two positions.
6. A control apparaus aaccording to claim 5, wherein the contactor is placed remote from the consumer so as to reduce the likelihood of the contactor being tampered with.
7. A control apparatus according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the controlling means further comprises a current signal production means to provide a test current for supply to the consumer circuit so that the sensing means provides a second value representing the amount of current load in the consumer circuit when the contactor is in the second position.
8. A control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second value is compared to a second preset value by the controlling means and when the second value falls below the second preset value, the controlling means provides a second signal to the contactor to move the contactor to the first position to make the contact and supply electricity to the consumer.
9. A control apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the sensing occurs continually, to ensure that the contactor is continually responsive to the controlling means to restore or remove the electrical connection as appropriate.
10. A control apparatus for use with an electricity supply circuit to a consumer substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
11. A method for controlling the supply of electricity to a consumer substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
11. A method for controlling the supply of electricity to a consumer substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Amended claims have been filed as follows 1. A method for controlling the supply of electricity to a consumer comprising the steps of: a) continually measuring the level of current drawn by a consumers circuit with current measuring means to produce a first value representing the total load current in the consumers circuit; b) using a controlling means to continually compare the first value with a first preset value accessible by the controlling means to thereby produce a control signal dependent on the compared values; and c) automatically operating a contactor in response to the control signal, between a first position which allows current flow to the consumer and a second position which stops current flow to the consumer; whereby to disconnect the consumer when the first value exceeds the preset value.
2. A method according to claim 1, the method comprising the further steps of: a) using a current production means to provide a test signal when the contactor is in the second position so as to determine the electrical load in the consumer circuit and supplying a second value representative of the load to the controlling means; and b) using the controlling means to compare the second value with a second preset value so as to produce a second control signal to operate the contactor; whereby to automatically reconnect the consumer when excess current load in the circuit has been removed from the circuit.
3. A control apparatus for use in an electrical supply to a consumer circuit, comprising sensing means for detecting the level of load current drawn by a consumer circuit, and controlling means for controlling the current flow to the circuit, wherein the level of total load current in the consumers circuit is sensed to provide a first value which is continually compared with a preset value by the controlling means, and the controlling means provides a control signal to determine the current flow to the consumer depending on whether the first value is above or below the preset value.
4. A control apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the controlling means prevents current flow to the consumer when the first value representing the total load current is above the preset value and allows current flow to the consumer as long as the first value is below the preset value.
5. A control apparatus according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the controlling means further comprises a contactor which is operable between a first position to make the circuit between the electrical supply and the consumer circuit, and a second position to break the circuit and prevent current supply to the consumer circuit, such that in use the control signal causes the contractor to move between its two positions.
6. A control apparats according to claim 5, wherein the contactor is placed remote from the consumer so as to reduce the likelihood of the contactor being tampered with.
7. A control apparatus according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the controlling means further comprises a current signal production means to provide a test current for supply to the consumer circuit so that the sensing means provides a second value representing the amount of current load in the consumer circuit when the contactor is in the second position.
8. A control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second value is compared to a second preset value by the controlling means and when the second value falls below the second preset value, the controlling means provides a second signal to the contactor to move the contactor to the first position to make the contact and supply electricity to the consumer so as to automatically reconnect the consumer when excess current load has been removed from the circuit.
9. A control apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the sensing occurs continually, to ensure that the contactor is continually responsive to the controlling means to restore or remove the electrical connection as appropriate.
10. A control apparatus for use with an electricity supply circuit to a consumer substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
GB9513437A 1995-07-01 1995-07-01 Controlling electrical supply to a consumer Withdrawn GB2303005A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9513437A GB2303005A (en) 1995-07-01 1995-07-01 Controlling electrical supply to a consumer
ZA9510801A ZA9510801B (en) 1995-07-01 1995-12-19 Control apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9513437A GB2303005A (en) 1995-07-01 1995-07-01 Controlling electrical supply to a consumer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9513437D0 GB9513437D0 (en) 1995-09-06
GB2303005A true GB2303005A (en) 1997-02-05

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Family Applications (1)

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GB9513437A Withdrawn GB2303005A (en) 1995-07-01 1995-07-01 Controlling electrical supply to a consumer

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GB (1) GB2303005A (en)
ZA (1) ZA9510801B (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1492142A3 (en) * 2003-06-28 2006-07-12 Eaton Corporation Method and system for controlling asynchronous contactors for a multi-phase load
WO2007050241A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 S & C Electric Company Circuit testing closer apparatus and method with in-rush current awareness
US7626397B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2009-12-01 S & C Electric Company High current capable circuit testing closer apparatus and method
WO2010041085A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Timothy Paul Jarvis Automatic switching apparatus.
US8000069B2 (en) 2008-05-20 2011-08-16 S&C Electric Company Circuit testing closer apparatus and method with dynamic test thresholds
US9722513B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-08-01 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Torque-based stepwise motor starting
US9726726B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-08-08 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Single-pole, single current path switching system and method
US9748873B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-08-29 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. 5-pole based wye-delta motor starting system and method
US9806642B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-10-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Modular multiple single-pole electromagnetic switching system and method
US9806641B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-10-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Detection of electric motor short circuits
US10033176B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2018-07-24 Abb Research Ltd. Fault interrupting devices and control methods therefor
US10074497B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2018-09-11 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Operator coil parameter based electromagnetic switching
US10141143B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2018-11-27 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Wear-balanced electromagnetic motor control switching
US10361051B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2019-07-23 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Single pole, single current path switching system and method

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GB2073974A (en) * 1980-04-15 1981-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter with overtemperature trip device
GB2173657A (en) * 1985-04-12 1986-10-15 Nilsen Oliver J Electrical load limiting device
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GB2236919A (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-17 Kone Elevator Gmbh Overload and short-circuit protection of electric output drivers
GB2279189A (en) * 1993-06-15 1994-12-21 Sheir Chun Lam Earth fault circuit breaker

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1515563A (en) * 1975-05-20 1978-06-28 Texas Instruments Ltd Earth leakage and overcurrent protection circuit
GB2073974A (en) * 1980-04-15 1981-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter with overtemperature trip device
GB2173657A (en) * 1985-04-12 1986-10-15 Nilsen Oliver J Electrical load limiting device
WO1988007283A1 (en) * 1987-03-12 1988-09-22 Gerhard Rudolf Unger Overcurrent protection device for power generating plants for residential and industrial buildings and similar buildings
GB2236919A (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-17 Kone Elevator Gmbh Overload and short-circuit protection of electric output drivers
GB2279189A (en) * 1993-06-15 1994-12-21 Sheir Chun Lam Earth fault circuit breaker

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1492142A3 (en) * 2003-06-28 2006-07-12 Eaton Corporation Method and system for controlling asynchronous contactors for a multi-phase load
US7224557B2 (en) 2003-06-28 2007-05-29 Eaton Corporation Method and system of controlling asynchronous contactors for a multi-phase electric load
WO2007050241A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 S & C Electric Company Circuit testing closer apparatus and method with in-rush current awareness
US8681462B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2014-03-25 S&C Electric Company Circuit testing closer apparatus and method with in-rush current awareness
CN101297447B (en) * 2005-10-27 2015-06-10 施恩禧电气有限公司 Circuit testing closer apparatus and method with in-rush current awareness
CN104852346A (en) * 2005-10-27 2015-08-19 施恩禧电气有限公司 Circuit testing closer apparatus
CN104852346B (en) * 2005-10-27 2018-02-06 施恩禧电气有限公司 Circuit testing closer
US7626397B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2009-12-01 S & C Electric Company High current capable circuit testing closer apparatus and method
US8000069B2 (en) 2008-05-20 2011-08-16 S&C Electric Company Circuit testing closer apparatus and method with dynamic test thresholds
WO2010041085A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Timothy Paul Jarvis Automatic switching apparatus.
US10033176B2 (en) 2010-11-10 2018-07-24 Abb Research Ltd. Fault interrupting devices and control methods therefor
US9748873B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-08-29 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. 5-pole based wye-delta motor starting system and method
US10018676B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2018-07-10 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic switch interlock system and method
US9766291B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-09-19 Rockwell Automation Technologies Inc. Cleaning and motor heating electromagnetic motor control switching
US9772381B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-09-26 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Synchronized reapplication of power for driving an electric motor
US9806642B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-10-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Modular multiple single-pole electromagnetic switching system and method
US9806641B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-10-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Detection of electric motor short circuits
US9726726B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-08-08 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Single-pole, single current path switching system and method
US9746521B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-08-29 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. 6-pole based wye-delta motor starting system and method
US9722513B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-08-01 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Torque-based stepwise motor starting
US10074497B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2018-09-11 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Operator coil parameter based electromagnetic switching
US10101393B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2018-10-16 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Temperature-based electromagnetic switching
US10141143B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2018-11-27 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Wear-balanced electromagnetic motor control switching
US10175298B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2019-01-08 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Wellness monitoring of electromagnetic switching devices
US10361051B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2019-07-23 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Single pole, single current path switching system and method
US10393809B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2019-08-27 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Intelligent timed electromagnetic switching

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9513437D0 (en) 1995-09-06
ZA9510801B (en) 1996-06-19

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