GB2286396A - Enzyme addition to animal feed for the reduction of environmental nitrogenous discharge - Google Patents
Enzyme addition to animal feed for the reduction of environmental nitrogenous discharge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2286396A GB2286396A GB9502249A GB9502249A GB2286396A GB 2286396 A GB2286396 A GB 2286396A GB 9502249 A GB9502249 A GB 9502249A GB 9502249 A GB9502249 A GB 9502249A GB 2286396 A GB2286396 A GB 2286396A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogenous
- feed
- discharge
- glucanase
- animal feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010011619 6-Phytase Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 101710130006 Beta-glucanase Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010001817 Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940085127 phytase Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000286209 Phasianidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Animal feed is supplemented with an enzyme, especially beta-glucanase, xylanase or phytase, in order to reduce nitrogenous discharge, especially ammonia, to the atmosphere.
Description
REDUCING NITROGENOUS DISCHARGES
The present invention relates to animal feed compositions, and more particularly to animal feed compositions which give rise to reduced nitrogenous discharges and thus protect the air and the environment.
It is known, for example according to the article by Hesselman, K. and amman P. which appeared in
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 15 (1986) 83-93, that ss-glucanase has a favourable effect on the feeding of poultry, mainly on their growth and especially on the conversion index, especially when their feed consists of barley. This article discloses no effect on the environment when enzymes are added to animal feeds.
The present invention provides a new use of enzymes, in addition to the effect on the growth of animals, when enzymes are added to animal feeds. It has been found that the presence of enzymes makes it possible to reduce the amount of nitrogenous discharges and, more particularly to reduce gaseous nitrogenous discharges to the air. As nitrogenous derivatives are harmful to the environment, especially water and/or the air, the reduction of these discharges makes a highly advantageous contribution to protecting the environment.
It has been found that the addition of enzymes makes possible better digestion of the feed and thus reduces the amount of nitrogenous matter contained in the faeces of animals. These faeces contain a proportion of nitrogenous matter reduced by approximately 7% by weight, with respect to the faeces of animals receiving the same diet without addition of enzymes. It was also found that discharges of ammonia to the atmosphere, which are very large when animal husbandry is carried out under battery conditions, were reduced by at least 50%.
The enzymes which can be used in this invention are preferably chosen from for example, xylanases, ss-glucanases or phytases.
These enzymes have a marked effect on the environment when the feed consists mostly of cereals such as barley, oats, wheat or rye. The enzymes can be supplied to the animal in various forms; they can thus be used in the pulverulent, granulated or liquid form.
It is apparent that, when the enzyme is supplied in granulated form, it is necessary to verify the amount of enzyme available to the animal, because granulation has a tendency to destroy part of the enzymes. When the enzyme is supplied in liquid or pulverulent form, it is necessary carefully to verify the homogeneity of distribution of the enzyme in the feed.
The enzyme is supplied in a proportion by weight which can vary according to the feed used. When, for example, the feed consists mainly of barley, an amount of ss-glucanase of between 100 and 200 units per kilo of feed can be supplied, which represents approximately one gram of enzyme per kilo of feed.
The supplemented feed is then distributed to the animals being reared such as broiler fowl, laying hens, turkeys, piglets or pigs.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples EXAMPLE
The experiment is divided into two experimental periods (called P1 and P2) with three diets per period (0, 80 and 100 units of B-glucanase).
The same test is carried out 16 times for each diet with 45 chickens per test. For each period, the animals are fed from day DO to day D7 with a standard growth feed; from day D7, they are divided into groups and receive the experimental feeds, up to day D28, distributed in the form of meal. The period P2 is carried out using the same litter as P1, the animals which had been fed for 28 days being replaced by a second batch of animals which had been fed for 8 days.
Measurements were carried out after 19, 21, 26 and 28 days.
The feeds used the following compositions:
COMPOSITION (kg/100 kg) A B C Barley 50.0 50.0 50.0 Maize 9.7 9.7 9.7 Soya bean cake 27.5 27.5 27.5 Meat meal 4.0 4.0 4.0 Corn oil 5.0 5.0 5.0 Calcium carbonate 0.5 0.5 0.5 Calcium hydrogenphosphate 1.3 1.3 1.3 Premix 1.0 1.0 1.0 Premixture 1.0 1.0 1.0 ss-Glucanase (units/kg) 0 80 100 The measurement of the ammonia content of the air, measured using Draeger tubes (see publication by Conceico which appeared in British Poultry Science, (1989) 30: 765-776), in the 0-10 ppm range, using a constant volume of air in a hermetically sealed enclosure, should that the air in the regions where the animals received diets containing 80 or 100 units of ss-glucanase contained a lower proportion of ammonia.
Influence of ss-qlucanase supplementation on the
ammonia content of the air during period 1
(after 28 davs) and period 2 (after 19 davs)
PERIOD P1 PERIOD P2 DIET NH3 RELATIVE NH3 RELATIVE CONTENT NH3 CONTENT NH3 in CONTENT in CONTENT mg/m3 mg/m3 DIET A 0 unit of 1.18 100% 5.75 100% ss-glucanase DIET B 80 units of 0.77 65.3% 3.95 68.7% ss-glucanase DIET C 100 units of 0.55 47.2% 2.57 44.6% -glucanase Although the method used for measuring the ammonia content of the air (Draeger tubes) contains a 15% of risk error, the quality of the air is nevertheless significantly improved (p < 0.001) in the regions where the animals receiving a diet supplemented with ss-glucanase are situated.
Influence of the ss-alucanase supplementation on the
ammonia content of the air during Period 2
1st series 2nd series 3rd series 4th series (D19) (D21) (D26) (D28) wn X ppn X ppn X pp. X DIET A 0 units of S.30a 100 7.18a 100 34.45a 100 111.62a 100 ss-glucanase B 80 units of 5.57b 68.7 4.96ab 69.1 17.56ab 51.3 23.79b 21.3 ss-glucanase C 100 units of 3.62b 44.6 3.45b 48.1 ?.lOb 29.6 22.26b 19.9 ss-glucanase Statistical ** * 0* ** significance In each column, the different values modified by a letter are statistically different at the 5% level.
and **, and *** indicate significant effects at the 5%, 2% and 0.1% levels respectively.
ss-Glucanase thus reduces the ammonia content in the air, especially at a supplementation level of 100 units/kg of feed. This effect becomes more marked as the condition of the litter becomes more soiled: about -64% (i.e. 100- (51.3 + 21.3)) and about -75% (i.e. 100-Y2 (29.6 + 19.9)) for diets containing 80 and 100 units/kg of feed respectively during the last week of P2.
Claims (6)
1. Use in an animal feed of an enzyme for reducing gaseous nitrogenous discharges to the atmosphere.
2. Use according to claim 1 wherein discharge of ammonia to atmosphere is reduced.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2 where the feed comprises barley.
4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the said enzyme is -glucanase.
5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the said feed is chicken feed.
6. Use according to claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9401259A FR2715802B1 (en) | 1994-02-04 | 1994-02-04 | Use of enzymes in animal feed to reduce nitrogen emissions. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9502249D0 GB9502249D0 (en) | 1995-03-29 |
| GB2286396A true GB2286396A (en) | 1995-08-16 |
| GB2286396B GB2286396B (en) | 1998-06-17 |
Family
ID=9459776
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9502249A Expired - Fee Related GB2286396B (en) | 1994-02-04 | 1995-02-06 | Reducing nitrogenous discharges |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE1007937A3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2080704B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2715802B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2286396B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1272900B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999057325A2 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-11 | Rhone-Poulenc Animal Nutrition S.A. | Enzymes mixture |
| US6511699B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2003-01-28 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Enzymes with improved phytase activity |
| US7026150B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2006-04-11 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Overexpression of phytase genes in yeast systems |
| US7736680B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2010-06-15 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Using mutations to improve Aspergillus phytases |
| US7833743B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2010-11-16 | Phytex, Llc | Phytase-containing animal food and method |
| US7919297B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2011-04-05 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Mutants of Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase and Aspergillus fumigatus phytase |
| US8192734B2 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2012-06-05 | Cornell University | Compositions and methods for bone strengthening |
| US8540984B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2013-09-24 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Phytases with improved thermal stability |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3880742A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-04-29 | Glaxo Lab Ltd | {62 -1,4,/{62 1,3 Glucanase |
| WO1991004673A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-18 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Feed additive for poultry, poultry feed and method of poultry feeding |
| EP0468596A1 (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-01-29 | Gist-Brocades N.V. | Enzymatic treatment of silage |
| US5314612A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1994-05-24 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Fluid catalytic cracking process for producing low emissions fuels |
| EP0619369A1 (en) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-10-12 | Aveve N.V. | Phytate hydrolysis and enzyme composition for hydrolyzing phytate |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5234546B1 (en) * | 1976-01-27 | 1977-09-03 | ||
| JPS5771371A (en) * | 1980-10-21 | 1982-05-04 | Fujio Tsunekawa | Agent for promoting meat quality improvement for stockbreeding and fish breeding use |
| JPH03195458A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-08-27 | Gendai Seiyaku Kk | Production of accessory nourishing food for pet |
| US5861271A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1999-01-19 | Fowler; Timothy | Cellulase enzymes and systems for their expressions |
-
1994
- 1994-02-04 FR FR9401259A patent/FR2715802B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-13 IT ITMI950060A patent/IT1272900B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-01-30 ES ES09500165A patent/ES2080704B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-03 BE BE9500084A patent/BE1007937A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-06 GB GB9502249A patent/GB2286396B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3880742A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-04-29 | Glaxo Lab Ltd | {62 -1,4,/{62 1,3 Glucanase |
| WO1991004673A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-18 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Feed additive for poultry, poultry feed and method of poultry feeding |
| EP0468596A1 (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-01-29 | Gist-Brocades N.V. | Enzymatic treatment of silage |
| US5314612A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1994-05-24 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Fluid catalytic cracking process for producing low emissions fuels |
| EP0619369A1 (en) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-10-12 | Aveve N.V. | Phytate hydrolysis and enzyme composition for hydrolyzing phytate |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech 1993,4(1),27-29 * |
| Anim.Feed Sci.Technol. 1986,15,83-93 * |
| Feed Management 1992,43(1),8-17 * |
| J.Animal Sci. 1994,72(1),126-132 * |
| Livestock Production Science 1992,31,75-94 * |
| Zootechnica International 1993,16(2),42-50 * |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8043844B2 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 2011-10-25 | Adisseo France Sas | Mixture obtained from penicillium funiculosum |
| WO1999057325A3 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 2000-04-06 | Rhone Poulenc Animal Nutrition | Enzymes mixture |
| US6534101B1 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 2003-03-18 | Aveatis Animal Nutrition S.A. | Enzymes mixture obtained from Penicillium funiculosum |
| WO1999057325A2 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-11 | Rhone-Poulenc Animal Nutrition S.A. | Enzymes mixture |
| CN1321178C (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 2007-06-13 | 安迪苏法国联合股份有限公司 | Enzymes mixture |
| US7374925B2 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 2008-05-20 | Adisseo France Sas | Penicillium funiculosum mutant strain |
| US8993300B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2015-03-31 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Overexpression of phytase genes in yeast systems |
| US7026150B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2006-04-11 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Overexpression of phytase genes in yeast systems |
| US8455232B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2013-06-04 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Overexpression of phytase genes in yeast systems |
| US7829318B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2010-11-09 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Overexpression of phytase genes in yeast systems |
| US6974690B2 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2005-12-13 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Phosphatases with improved phytase activity |
| US6511699B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2003-01-28 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Enzymes with improved phytase activity |
| US7833743B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2010-11-16 | Phytex, Llc | Phytase-containing animal food and method |
| US8551724B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2013-10-08 | Huvepharma Ad | Phytase-Containing Animal Food and Method |
| US7736680B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2010-06-15 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Using mutations to improve Aspergillus phytases |
| US7919297B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2011-04-05 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Mutants of Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase and Aspergillus fumigatus phytase |
| US8540984B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2013-09-24 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Phytases with improved thermal stability |
| US8192734B2 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2012-06-05 | Cornell University | Compositions and methods for bone strengthening |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2286396B (en) | 1998-06-17 |
| ES2080704A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
| ES2080704B1 (en) | 1996-09-01 |
| ITMI950060A1 (en) | 1996-07-13 |
| FR2715802A1 (en) | 1995-08-11 |
| IT1272900B (en) | 1997-07-01 |
| BE1007937A3 (en) | 1995-11-21 |
| GB9502249D0 (en) | 1995-03-29 |
| FR2715802B1 (en) | 1996-03-15 |
| ITMI950060A0 (en) | 1995-01-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20020206 |