GB2285405A - A stud welding apparatus - Google Patents
A stud welding apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2285405A GB2285405A GB9500170A GB9500170A GB2285405A GB 2285405 A GB2285405 A GB 2285405A GB 9500170 A GB9500170 A GB 9500170A GB 9500170 A GB9500170 A GB 9500170A GB 2285405 A GB2285405 A GB 2285405A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- stud
- supply
- positioning device
- welding apparatus
- holder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims description 63
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/20—Stud welding
- B23K9/206—Stud welding with automatic stud supply
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Welding (AREA)
Description
1 A stud welding apparatus 2285405 The present invention relates to a stud
welding apparatus comprising a stud holder having a stud supply and positioning device which can be connected to a welding current source, and a regulating device by means of which the stud holder can be moved towards and away from a workpiece.
There are many different known constructions of stud welding apparatuses. These are normally complete stud welding appliances, which include all of the necessary operational parts inside an appliance housing. Such appliances are relatively heavy, which is not only a disadvantage in manual manipulation, but is also regarded as a particular disadvantage when the apparatus is a component of a mechanical welding device or a welding robot. In conformity with the design of the appliance, the driving units and the like have to be of adequate size, and thus apart from the disadvantages with regard to manipulation, this results in increased cost.
The principal aim of this invention is to provide a stud welding apparatus of a generic type, which can be manipulated easily and thus enable the use of drive systems of relatively small size. It is a further aim that the welding apparatus should be very flexible in its manipulation and easy to adapt to different conditions of use.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a stud welding apparatus, comprising a stud holder; a stud supply and positioning device to which the stud holder is fixed; a regulating device by means of which the stud holder can be moved towards and away from a workpiece, said regulating device comprising a primary part which, in use, is mounted fixedly to a frame and a secondary part which is movable linearly in relation thereto, the secondary part being connected via an 2 electrically insulating connecting member to at least one of the stud supply and positioning device and the stud holder which is provided with an electrically conductive connecting piece for connection to a welding current source; and a ram, which cooperates with the stud supply and positioning device, and which, in use, is disposed fixedly to a frame within the regulating distance of the stud supply and positioning device and the stud holder so that a stud introduced into the stud supply and positioning device is inserted in a positionally correct manner by the ram into the stud holder when the stud supply and positioning device is moved away from the workpiece, and when the stud supply and positioning device is moved towards the workpiece into the welding position, the ram is completely or almost completely disengaged from the stud supply and positioning device and a further welding stud can be introduced into the stud supply and positioning device.
With this arrangement, it is possible fixedly to dispose essential components of the welding apparatus to a frame of a corresponding housing or machine parts, with only the secondary part together with the stud holder and stud supply and positioning device having to be movable. This results not only in advantages in handling, which are manifest in the reduction in weight of the parts which move in relation to one another, but this reduction in weight also results in it being possible to employ actuating drives of smaller size.
Preferably, the primary part is a coil system of an electric linear drive and the secondary part is a linear guide rail which includes a magnetic rail of the electric linear drive, with the linear guide rail and magnetic rail passing through the coil system.
Although other drive arrangements, such as for example pneumatic cylinders, electric motors, magnetic drives or the like could be used as drive systems, the described linear drive in the form of a linear motor is particularly advantageous as it requires only 3 a few hard-wearing components, and in addition guarantees high precision travel.
Preferably, the electrically insulating connecting member is f ixed to the secondary part at an end which is nearest the workpiece.
Preferably, the stud supply and positioning device is a member having f irst and second channels defined therein, which channels at or near the junction with the stud holder merge into a common channel, and at the end remote from the stud holder, the first channel comprises a stud introduction means, and the second channel comprises an insertion aperture for the ram. More preferably, the stud introduction means is a stud supply-hose.
In one preferred arrangement, the first channel runs axially parallel to the regulating direction of the stud supply and positioning device and the second channel opens at an acute angle into the first channel, with the ram being made from flexible material. Preferably, the second channel initially runs axially parallel to the regulating direction at the side of the stud supply and positioning device remote from the stud holder.
In another alternative arrangement, the second channel runs axially parallel to the regulating direction of the stud supply and positioning device and the first channel opens at an acute angle into the second channel, with the ram being made from rigid or flexible material. Preferably, the first channel initially runs axially parallel to the regulating direction at the side of the stud supply and positioning device remote from the stud holder.
Preferably, the ram, in use, is attached to a frame by a mounting device. When the mounting device is fixedly mounted to a frame, the ram is attachable thereto in a plurality of positions. When the mounting device is mountable to a frame in a plurality of 4 positions in the direction of travel of the device, the ram is fixedly mounted thereto.
Preferably, the path feed rate, the travel and/or path cycles can be determined by control of the actuating drive of the regulating device. More preferably, control is achieved by an automatic program control.
The present invention also provides a stud welding apparatus, consisting of a stud holder having a stud supply and positioning device, which can be connected to a welding current source, and a regulating device by means of. which the stud holder can be moved towards a workpiece and away therefrom, characterised in that the regulating device consists of a primary part mounted f ixedly to a frame and a secondary part which can be moved linearly in relation thereto, in that the secondary part is connected via an electrically non-conductive connecting piece to a component, which comprises the stud supply and positioning device and/or the stud holder together with an electrically conductive connecting piece for the connection of the welding current source, with the stud holder being fixed to the stud supply and positioning device, in that a ram cooperating with the stud supply and positioning device is disposed fixedly to the frame in the regulating distance of the device and of the stud holder so that a stud located in the device is inserted in a positionally correct manner by the ram into the stud holder when the device has moved away from the workpiece and when the device has moved towards the workpiece into the welding position, the ram is completely or almost completely disengaged from the device and a further welding stud can be introduced into the device.
The stud welding apparatus consists of only a few parts, with the stud holder, the stud guide and positioning mechanism and the relatively adjustable secondary part forming one operational unit. Preferably, a hose connection is provided for the supply of studs to the stud guide and positioning mechanism. The stud holder may be a stud collect chuck.
The sequence of operation of the stud welding apparatus in accordance with the present invention will be described hereinbelow.
In the starting position remote from the workpiece, the ram extends through a channel defined in the stud supply and positioning mechanism into the welding head and presses the stud located therein into the corresponding stud holder. In the welding stroke only the operational unit described above moves, and during this movement the next stud is supplied to the stud supply and positioning mechanism. The ram is mounted fixedly to a f rame and does not move with the movable device, with the result that the insertion channel for the stud is released. During the return movement the ram again extends into the welding head and forces the next stud through the stud holder. The regulating device has driving and guide functions, and controls the sequence of movements of the apparatus (and the studs) towards the workpiece required for welding. When welding is performed by the capacitor with tip ignition process, the welding stud is advanced towards the workpiece at an adjustable immersion velocity. When welding is performed by the stroke-ignition process, the stud is moved up to the surface of the workpiece, raised by a short distance and then immersed into a melting bath. The return stroke of the driving and guide unit (regulating device) is variable. This allows the device to be adjusted for different stud lengths, and hence makes mechanical conversion unnecessary.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described hereinbelow by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a stud welding apparatus in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, shown in different operating positions; and 6 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a stud welding apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, shown in different operating positions.
Referring to both embodiments of Figures I and 2, the stud welding apparatus essentially consists of a stud holder 1 having a stud supply and positioning mechanism 2, and a regulating device 3 by means of which the stud holder 1 can be moved towards and away from a workpiece 4. The stud holder 1 can be connected to a welding current source (not represented).
The regulating device 3 consists of a primary part 5 which is mounted fixedly to a frame and a secondary part 6 which can be moved linearly in relation thereto. In the first embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the secondary part 6 is connected via an electrically insulating connecting member 7 to an electrically conductive connecting piece 9, which in turn is connected to a component 8. The component 8 comprises the stud holder 1 and the stud supply and positioning device 2 which is attached thereto. The electrically conductive connecting piece 9 is provided for the connection of a welding current source. In the second embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the electrically insulating connecting member 7 is connected to both the component 8 and the electrically conductive connecting piece 9.
A ram 10, which cooperates with the stud supply and positioning device 2, is fixedly attached to a mounting device 11 which is mounted on a frame, and is disposed within the regulating distance of the stud holder 1 and the stud supply and positioning mechanism 2 such that a stud 12 introduced into the stud supply and positioning mechanism 2 is inserted and located in the correct position in the stud holder 1 when the stud supply and positioning mechanism 2 is moved away from workpiece 4. The ram 10 is completely or almost completely disengaged from the stud supply and positioning mechanism 2 when the stud supply and positioning mechanism 2 is moved towards the workpiece 4 into the welding position. In that position a further welding stud 12 can 7 be introduced into the the stud supply and positioning mechanism 2.
The primary part 5 which is mounted fixedly to the frame may, for example, be a coil system of an electric linear motor, and the secondary part 6 which can move linearly in relation thereto may be a linear guide rail which includes a magnetic rail of the electric linear drive. The linear guide rail which includes the magnetic rail passes through the coil system of the primary part 5 and is driven and guided thereby. The connecting member 7 is preferably attached at the end of the secondary part 6 which is nearest to the workpiece 4. The component 8, which includes the stud supply and positioning device 2, is a member in which first and second channels 13, 14 are defined. The channels 13, 14 merge into a common channel which is coaxial with a channel defined in the stud holder 1. At its end remote from the stud holder 1, the first channel 13 comprises a stud introduction means, for example a stud supply hose, and the second channel 14 comprises an insertion aperture for the free end of the ram 10.
In the first embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the first channel 13 opens at an acute angle into the second channel 14 which runs axially parallel to the regulating direction and coaxially with the channel defined in the stud holder 1. In this embodiment, the ram 10 may be made from a flexible or a rigid material, as the ram 10 is only inserted into the second channel 14 and the coaxial channel defined in the stud holder 1.
In the second embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the construction of the first and second channels is similar but reversed. That is, the first channel 13 runs axially parallel to the regulating direction and coaxially to the channel defined in the stud holder 1, and the second channel 14 begins axially parallel thereto on the outlet side and then opens at an acute angle into the first channel 13. In this embodiment, the ram 10 has to be made from flexible material so that it can adapt to the shape of the second 8 channel 14 and the channel defined in the stud holder 1 on entry into the stud holder 1.
The mounting device 11 of the ram 10, which is fixed to a frame, is primarily constructed such that it can be attached to the frame in a plurality of positions in the direction of travel of the stud supply and positioning mechanism 2, thereby making it is possible to adapt the ram length to the use of different stud lengths. Alternatively, the mounting device 11 is constructed such that it is fixed in one position on a frame and the ram 10 is attachable thereto in a plurality of positions.
The path feed rate, the travel and/or the movement cycles of the apparatus can be adjusted by a control means, which may comprise an automatic program control of the actuating drive of the regulating device 3. In addition, the regulating device 3 may be coupled to a path- measuring system in order to produce and determine exactly reproducible paths for the welding apparatus.
In the Figures of the drawings, the welding apparatus is shown in dif f erent operating positions. Figures 1 and 2 show f rom lef t to right (i) the starting position, (ii) the welding and stud charging position, (iii) the return stroke, and (iv) the starting position.
It will be understood that the invention is not restricted to the exemplified embodiments, but that the apparatus can be greatly varied within the scope of the invention as def ined in the appended claims.
9
Claims (17)
- ClaimsA stud welding apparatus, comprising:stud holder; stud supply and positioning device to which the stud holder is fixed; a regulating device by means of which the stud holder can be moved towards and away from a workpiece, said regulating device comprising a primary part which, in use, is mounted fixedly to a frame and a secondary part which is movable linearly in relation thereto, the secondary part being connected via an electrically insulating connecting member to at least one of the stud supply and positioning device and the stud holder which is provided with an electrically conductive connecting piece for connection to a welding current source; and a ram, which cooperates with the stud supply and positioning device, and which, in use, is disposed fixedly to a frame within the regulating distance of the stud supply and positioning device and the stud holder so that a stud introduced into the stud supply and positioning device is inserted in a positionally correct manner by the ram into the stud holder when the stud supply and positioning device is moved away from the workpiece, and when the stud supply and positioning device is moved towards the workpiece into the welding position, the ram is completely or almost completely disengaged from the stud supply and positioning device and a further welding stud can be introduced into the stud supply and positioning device.
- 2. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating connecting member is fixed to the secondary part at an end which is nearest the workpiece.
- 3. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2., wherein the primary part is a coil system of an electric linear drive and the secondary part is a linear guide rail which includes a magnetic rail of the electric linear drive, with the linear guide rail and magnetic rail passing through the coil system.
- 4. A stud welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the stud supply and positioning device is a member having first and second channels defined therein, which channels at or near the junction with the stud holder merge into a common channel, and at the end remote from the stud holder, the first channel comprises a stud introduction means, and the second channel comprises an insertion aperture for the ram.
- 5. An stud welding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said stud introduction means is a stud supply hose.
- 6. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the first channel runs axially parallel to the regulating direction of the stud supply and positioning device, the second channel opens at an acute angle into the first channel, and the ram is made from flexible material.
- 7. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said second channel initially runs axially parallel to the regulating direction at the side of the stud supply and positioning device remote from the stud holder.
- 8. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the second channel runs axially parallel to the regulating direction of the stud supply and positioning device, the first channel opens at an acute angle into the second channel, and the ram is made from rigid or flexible material.
- 9. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said first channel initially runs axially parallel to the regulating direction at the side of the stud supply and positioning device remote from the stud holder.11
- 10. A stud welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the ram is, in use, attached to a frame by a mounting device.
- 11. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 10, wherein when the mounting device is f ixedly mounted to a frame, the ram is attachable thereto in a plurality of positions.
- 12. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 10, wherein when said mounting device is mountable to a frame in a plurality of positions in the direction of travel of the device, said ram is fixedly mounted thereto.
- 13. A stud welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the path feed rate, the travel and/or path cycles can be determined by control of the actuating drive of the regulating device.
- 14. A stud welding apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said control is achieved by an automatic program control.
- 15. A stud welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the regulating device is coupled to a path measuring system.
- 16. A stud welding apparatus, consisting of a stud holder having a stud supply and positioning device, which can be connected to a welding current source, and a regulating device by means of which the stud holder can be moved towards a workpiece and away therefrom, characterised in that the regulating device consists of a primary part mounted fixedly to a f rame and a secondary part which can be moved linearly in relation thereto, in that the secondary part is connected via an electrically non- conductive connecting piece to a component, which comprises the stud supply and positioning device and/or the stud holder together with an electrically conductive connecting piece for the connection of the welding current source, with the 12 stud holder being f ixed to the stud supply and positioning device, in that a ram cooperating with the stud supply and positioning device is disposed f ixedly- to the f rame in the regulating distance of the device and of the stud holder so that a stud located in the device is inserted in a positionally correct manner by the ram into the stud holder when the device has moved away from the workpiece and when the device has moved towards the workpiece into the welding position, the ram is completely or almost completely disengaged from the device and a further welding stud can be introduced into the device.
- 17. A stud welding apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 or Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19944400350 DE4400350C2 (en) | 1994-01-08 | 1994-01-08 | Stud welding device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9500170D0 GB9500170D0 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
| GB2285405A true GB2285405A (en) | 1995-07-12 |
Family
ID=6507584
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9500170A Withdrawn GB2285405A (en) | 1994-01-08 | 1995-01-05 | A stud welding apparatus |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4400350C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2285405A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7291802B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2007-11-06 | Newfrey Llc | Joining system head, joining system, and method of feeding and joining elements |
| US7518084B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2009-04-14 | Newfrey Llc | Joining system head, joining system, and method of feeding and joining elements |
| US7521647B2 (en) | 2003-07-17 | 2009-04-21 | Newfrey Llc | Joining device |
| US8015686B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2011-09-13 | Newfrey Llc | Method and device for supply of connecting elements to a processing apparatus |
| CN102794554A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-28 | 深圳市鸿栢科技实业有限公司 | Pneumatic energy storage welding gun matching stud welding machine and welding method of gun |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19826491C1 (en) * | 1998-06-13 | 2000-01-05 | Metallwaren Heidersdorf Gmbh | Bolt welding apparatus for a usual, commercially available spot-welding machine |
| DE10018239C1 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2001-10-04 | Nelson Bolzenschweis Technik G | Welding axis for a stud welding head with a controllable drive device for a charging pin |
| DE20105489U1 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-08-08 | HBS Bolzenschweißsysteme GmbH & Co. KG, 85221 Dachau | Stud welding head with linear drive |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB637032A (en) * | 1947-11-24 | 1950-05-10 | Cyc Arc Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electric arc stud welding apparatus |
| GB769596A (en) * | 1954-11-09 | 1957-03-13 | Crompton Parkinson Ltd | Improvements relating to electric arc stud welding |
| US4019013A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1977-04-19 | Trw Inc. | Apparatus for welding studs |
| US4465917A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1984-08-14 | Eaton Corporation | Stud welder with magnetic follow-up |
| GB2155379A (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-09-25 | Bettermann Obo Ohg | Stud welding machine |
| GB2212752A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-08-02 | Bettermann Obo Ohg | A device for delivering elongated fastening means to a fastening machine |
| WO1993000197A1 (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-01-07 | Tucker Fasteners Limited | Stud welding device |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3215453C1 (en) * | 1982-04-24 | 1983-07-21 | OBO Bettermann oHG, 5750 Menden | Method and device for welding a stud by means of an electric arc stud welding device |
| DE3340159A1 (en) * | 1983-11-07 | 1985-07-04 | Heinz Soyer Bolzenschweisstechnik, 8034 Germering | Stud welding gun |
| DE3514029C1 (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1986-07-24 | OBO Bettermann oHG, 5750 Menden | Stud welding device |
-
1994
- 1994-01-08 DE DE19944400350 patent/DE4400350C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-05 GB GB9500170A patent/GB2285405A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB637032A (en) * | 1947-11-24 | 1950-05-10 | Cyc Arc Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electric arc stud welding apparatus |
| GB769596A (en) * | 1954-11-09 | 1957-03-13 | Crompton Parkinson Ltd | Improvements relating to electric arc stud welding |
| US4019013A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1977-04-19 | Trw Inc. | Apparatus for welding studs |
| US4465917A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1984-08-14 | Eaton Corporation | Stud welder with magnetic follow-up |
| GB2155379A (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-09-25 | Bettermann Obo Ohg | Stud welding machine |
| GB2212752A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-08-02 | Bettermann Obo Ohg | A device for delivering elongated fastening means to a fastening machine |
| WO1993000197A1 (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-01-07 | Tucker Fasteners Limited | Stud welding device |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7291802B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2007-11-06 | Newfrey Llc | Joining system head, joining system, and method of feeding and joining elements |
| US7518084B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2009-04-14 | Newfrey Llc | Joining system head, joining system, and method of feeding and joining elements |
| US8653402B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2014-02-18 | Newfrey Llc | Joining system head, joining system, and method of feeding and joining elements |
| US7521647B2 (en) | 2003-07-17 | 2009-04-21 | Newfrey Llc | Joining device |
| US8015686B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2011-09-13 | Newfrey Llc | Method and device for supply of connecting elements to a processing apparatus |
| US8973247B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2015-03-10 | Newfrey Llc | Method and device for supply of connecting elements to a processing apparatus |
| CN102794554A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-28 | 深圳市鸿栢科技实业有限公司 | Pneumatic energy storage welding gun matching stud welding machine and welding method of gun |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9500170D0 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
| DE4400350C2 (en) | 1997-08-07 |
| DE4400350A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |