GB2255554A - Vehicle fuel tank feed pipe with vent pipe - Google Patents
Vehicle fuel tank feed pipe with vent pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2255554A GB2255554A GB9209422A GB9209422A GB2255554A GB 2255554 A GB2255554 A GB 2255554A GB 9209422 A GB9209422 A GB 9209422A GB 9209422 A GB9209422 A GB 9209422A GB 2255554 A GB2255554 A GB 2255554A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fact
- pipe
- feed
- vent
- filler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 or a painted Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/04—Tank inlets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
- B60K2015/03381—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling for preventing explosions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
- B60K2015/03401—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling for preventing electrostatic charges
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Description
2 z-3 55 54 VEHICLE FUEL FEED MEMBER The present invention relates to a
fuel feed member between the filler and fuel tank of a motor vehicle.
Feed members of the aforementioned type currently comprise a feed pipe, and a vent pipe inside or outside the feed pipe, for directing any air inside the tank to the filler.
Feed members in which both pipes are made of plastic. e.g. nylon. have already been proposed and manufactured, and present improved characteristics in terms of working life, cost and reliability as compared with metal pipes. A major drawback of plastic, however, is that the fuel fed into the filler may produce electrostatic charges which, in extreme circumstances, may spark off an explosion. Though this is highly unlikely. for safety reasons, feed members with plastic pipes are banned in several countries, so that metal pipes are still predominantly employed.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel feed member designed to overcome the 2 - CIP above drawback, i.e. which entirely eliminates any risk of sparking or explosion, while at the same time providing for all the advantages afforded by the use of plastic pipes.
According to the present invention, there is provided a vehicle fuel feed member comprising a fuel feed pipe connecting the filler to the fuel tank on the vehicle; and a vent pipe for directing the air inside the tank to the filler; said feed and vent pipes being made of plastic material; characterized by the fact that it comprises means defining an electrically conductive path extending inside said feed pipe for eliminating electrostatic charges.
A number of preferred, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig.1 shows a partially sectioned side view of a first embodiment of the fuel feed member according to the present invention; Fig.s 2 and 3 show the same view as in Fig.1 of a further two embodiments of the fuel feed member according to the present invention; Fig.8 4 to 6 show enlarged partially sectioned details of the members in fig.s 1 to 3.
Number 1 in Fig.1 indicates a fuel feed member extending from a filler 2 to a tank 3, the latter both being shown only partially for the sake of simplicity.
- 3 -C L Member 1 comprises a feed pipe 4 along which fuel is fed from filler 2 to tank 3; and a vent pipe 5 which, in the Fig.1 embodiment, is fitted inside pipe 4, and provides for feeding the air in tank 3 towards filler 2.
Pipe 4 presents a main central portion 6 undulated both internally and externally; and two substantially smooth end portions 7, 8. In known manner not shown in detail, portion 8 surrounds a first sleeve (not shown) to which one end of pipe 5 is connected by means of coupling 10 (shown partially), and which in turn is connected to a second sleeve 9 extending from tank 3. The connection of portion 8 and the two sleeves is ensured by an annular element 11, possibly also with the aid of metal rings (not shown). The other end portion 7 of pipe 4 engages a tubular portion 12 of filler 2. to which the other end 14 of pipe 5 is connected by a coupling 13 formed in one piece with tubular portion 12. As with end portion 8, an annular element 15 is provided for ensuring the connection of end portion 7 and tubular portion 12.
According to the present invention, plastic pipes 4 and 5 present means constituting a conductive path for grounding the electrostatic charges produced by the fuel fed through the filler.
More specifically. according to a first embodiment, vent pipe 5 is made of conductive plastic material, e.g. acetal resin containing conductive particles such as carbon black, graphite or powdered fo aluminium- or copper-based metal, as shown schematically in the partially sectioned detail in Fig.4, in which the dotted portions indicate the conductive particles.
According to a second embodiment, vent pipe 5 is made of normal nonconductive plastic material (nylon) and surrounded by a braid of electrically conductive material, suchas copper or aluminium. This solution is shown in the partially sectioned detail in Fig.5, in which 17 indicates the actual body of pipe 5,, and 18 the braid surrounding body 17.
According to a third embodiment, vent pipe 5 is coated externally with conductive (e.g. nickel-based) paint, or metallized (silver plated) in the same way as a mirror. In this case, the main central portion of the vent pipe is also preferably smooth, as shown in Fig.2, which shows a feed member 11 identical to that of Fig.1, except for the design of the main portion of vent pipe 51. A detail of vent pipe 51 is shown in Fig.6. in which 19 indicates the actual body of vent pipe 51 made of normal plastic material (e.g. nylon),, and 20 the painted, silver plated, or co- extruded conductive layer.
In all the above embodiments, the outer surface of tubular portion 12 of filler 2 is grounded, e.g. connected to the vehicle body (as shown schematically by 21 in Fig.s 1 and 2), and a conductive path is formed between end 14 of vent pipe 5, 51 and said outer surface. Said path is preferably defined by tubular k t - 5 !h portion 12 itself, which is made of conductive plastic material of the type indicated above.
In the case of a vent pipe extending outside pipe 4, as shown by 511 in Fig.3, wherein ends 22 and 23 of the vent pipe are fitted through the wall of pipe 4 close to end portions 7 and 8, the conductive path for the electrostatic charges is formed on pipe 4, which, for this purpose, may be made of conductive plastic material in exactly the same way as described for vent pipe 5 and shown in detail in Fig.4. Alternatively, pipe 4 may present a conductive lining consisting of a braid of copper or other highly conductive metal, or a painted, silver plated, or co- extruded inner surface layer, as provided externally on vent pipes 5, 51 and shown in Fig.s 5 and 6. The latter solution, however, is less recommendable, due to the elasticity required of pipe 4 and consequently also of the lining. If made of conductive plastic material, pipe 4 may be grounded directly close to filler 2 (or via conductive plastic tubular portion 12). otherwise, a conductive path must be formed, e.g. by making tubular portion 12 of filler 2 of conductive material, and providing electrical connecting elements between the inside of pipe 4 and tubular portion 12.
In actual use, the electrostatic charges on pipes 5, 51 and 4 are grounded by the conductive path formed as described above, thus eliminating any risk of sparking or explosion, while at the same time providing - 6 fir for all the advantages afforded by manufacturing the pipes from plastic material.
To those skilled in the art it will be clear that changes may be made to the feed member as described and illustrated herein without, howeverf departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, an internal vent pipe 5 with a metal braid covering may also present a smooth outer surface, just as pipe 4 may present a smooth silver plated, painted or co-extruded inner surface, providing it is sufficiently elastic. Moreover, when vent pipe 5 is fitted inside feed pipe 4, though it is simpler and cheaper to form the conductive path on vent pipe 5, in some cases, it may be formed alternatively or additionally on pipe 4. Regardless of which solution is adopted, however, the conductive material need not necessarily cover the entire outer surface of the vent pipe or the entire inner surface of the feed pipe, but may simply consist of a conductive strip extending along the full length of the pipe. The conductive path inside pipe 4 may be grounded differently, e.g. by means of a conductive portion through the walls of pipe 4 and/or filler 2, providing this does not affect the fuel sealing capacity of the feed member. Finally, the conductive path may be formed in any number of different ways using the technology and materials currently available.
g ri h.
Claims (20)
- CLAIMS (Or 1) - A vehicle fuel feed member (1) comprising a fuel feed pipe(4) connecting the filler (2) to the fuel tank (3) on the vehicle; and a vent pipe (5; V; 5u) for directing the air inside the tank (3) to the filler (2); said feed (4) and vent (5; 59; 511) pipes being made of plastic material; characterized by the fact that it comprises means (4; 5; 18; 20, 121 21) defining an electrically conductive path extending inside said feed pipe (4) for eliminating electrostatic charges.
- 2) - A member as claimed in Claim 1, characterized by the fact that said conductive path (4; 5; 18; 20r 12r 21) extends along the entire feed member (1) and is grounded (21) at said filler (2).
- 3) - A member as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that said conductive path (4; 5; 18; 20l 12r 21) is connected electrically to said filler (2), and by the fact that said filler (2) is grounded (21).
- 4) - A member as claimed in Claim 3. wherein said vent pipe (5; 51) extends inside said feed pipe (4); characterized by the fact that said conductive path (4; 5; 18; 20, 12, 21) is formed on said vent pipe (5; 51)r and by the fact that said filler (2) defines means (12. 13) for mechanically and electrically connecting said vent pipe (5; 51).
- c 5) A member as claimed in Claim 3. wherein said vent pipe (511) extends outside said feed pipe (4); cha racterized by the fact that said conductive path (4; 5; 18; 20, 12, 21) is formed on said feed pipe (4), and by the fact that said filler (2) defines means for mechanically and electrically connecting said feed pipe (4).
- 6) - A member as claimed in one of the foregoing claims from 1 to 5. characterized by the fact that said filler (2) is made of electrically conductive plastic material.
- 7) - A member as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that at least one of said feed and vent pipes (4, 5) is made of electrically conductive plastic material.
- 8) - A member as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims 1-4, 6 and 7, wherein said vent pipe (5) extends inside said feed pipe (4); characterized by the fact that said vent pipe (5) is made of electrically conductive plastic material.
- 9) - A member as claimed in one o the foregoing Claims from 1 to 3 and 5 to 7. wherein said vent pipe (511) extends outside said feed pipe (4); characterized by the fact that said feed pipe (4) is made of electrically conductive plastic material.
- 10) - A member as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 6 to 9. characterized by the fact that said R G plastic material consists of acetal resin containing conductive particles.
- 11) - A member as claimed in Claim 10, characterized by the fact that said conductive particles consist selectively of carbon black, graphite and powdered metal.
- 12) - A member as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that at least one of said feed and vent pipes (4, 5) presents a covering (18; 20) of electrically conductive material on the surface facing the other (5, 4) of said feed and vent pipes.
- 13) A member as claimed in Claim 12,, characterized by the fact that said covering comprises a metal braid (18).
- 14) - A member as claimed in claim 13, characterized by the fact that said braid (18) is made of copper or aluminium.
- 15) - A member as claimed in Claim 12.. characterized by the fact that said.covering comprises a metal coating (20).
- 16) - A member as claimed in claim 12.. characterized by the fact that said covering comprises a strip of metal material.
- 17) - A member as claimed in Claim 12j, characterized by the fact that said covering comprises a coating of electrically conductive paint (20).
- - 10 ro 18) - A member as claimed in claim 171 characterized by the fact that said paint coating (20) comprises metal, preferably nickel, pigments.
- 19) - A member as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 12 to.18, wherein said vent pipe (5; 51) extends inside said feed pipe (4); characterized by the fact that said covering (18; 20) is applied on the outer surface of said'vent pipe (5; 51).
- 20) A member as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 12 to 19, characterized by the fact that said vent pipe (51) presents a smooth outer surface.21) - A member as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 12 to 18, wherein said vent pipe (511) extends outside said feed pipe (4); characterized by the fact that said covering 818; 20) is applied to the inner surface of said feed pipe (4).22) - A vehicle fuel feed member, substantially as described and illustrated herein with reference to the accompanying drawings ts
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO910332A IT1245524B (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1991-05-03 | FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLES |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9209422D0 GB9209422D0 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
GB2255554A true GB2255554A (en) | 1992-11-11 |
GB2255554B GB2255554B (en) | 1995-04-19 |
Family
ID=11409328
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB9209422A Expired - Fee Related GB2255554B (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1992-04-29 | Vehicle fuel tank filler member |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4214076A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2676026B3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2255554B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1245524B (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0748712A1 (en) * | 1995-06-14 | 1996-12-18 | FIAT AUTO S.p.A. | A fuel tank for motor vehicles |
JP2001058369A (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-03-06 | Ticona Gmbh | Conductive plastic molding |
US6415827B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2002-07-09 | Stant Manufacturing Inc. | Filler neck closure assembly |
US6508374B1 (en) | 1999-11-04 | 2003-01-21 | Stant Manufacturing Inc. | Filler neck closure with static charge dissipater |
US7185682B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-03-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Fuel flange assembly for a vehicle fuel system |
US8303877B2 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2012-11-06 | Norma Germany Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a socket |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1267383B1 (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1997-02-05 | Italiana Serrature Torino | MULTILAYER BODY FOR FUEL ADDITION OF A VEHICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS REALIZATION. |
DE19536509A1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-04-03 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Filler connection for motor vehicle's fuel tank |
DE29618256U1 (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1996-12-12 | Tank-Security Vertriebs GmbH, Salzburg | Monitoring device for the filling level of tank systems |
DE19838555A1 (en) | 1997-08-30 | 1999-03-04 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Safety device for a fuel tank |
FR2772679B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-03-10 | Journee Paul Sa | DEVICE FOR FILLING A GROUNDED MOTOR VEHICLE TANK IN THE ARRIVAL AREA IN CONTACT WITH THE FUEL FLOW |
US6508275B1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2003-01-21 | Salflex Polymers Ltd. | Flexible fuel filler pipe |
DE10124681A1 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-21 | Rainer Busch | Transport unit, consists of a hollow plastic member and an electrical conductor which passes from the inside to the outside of a container |
FR2892068B1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2008-01-11 | Inergy Automotive Systems Res | TUBE FILLING FUEL TANK. |
DE102008020427A1 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-10-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Tank connector for vehicle i.e. motor vehicle, has vent pipe guided from tank to vehicle outer, with which vent pipe is formed coaxially to tank and vehicle outer over length of fuel pipe |
CN105711525A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-29 | 上海亚大汽车塑料制品有限公司 | Conductive oil filler pipe assembly |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1512434A (en) * | 1974-06-13 | 1978-06-01 | Shell Bv | Nozzle for dispensing liquid fuel |
US4718568A (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1988-01-12 | Fabbrica Italiana Serrature Torino Fist | Fuel filler member for vehicles |
-
1991
- 1991-05-03 IT ITTO910332A patent/IT1245524B/en active IP Right Grant
-
1992
- 1992-04-29 DE DE4214076A patent/DE4214076A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-04-29 GB GB9209422A patent/GB2255554B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-29 FR FR9205298A patent/FR2676026B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1512434A (en) * | 1974-06-13 | 1978-06-01 | Shell Bv | Nozzle for dispensing liquid fuel |
US4718568A (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1988-01-12 | Fabbrica Italiana Serrature Torino Fist | Fuel filler member for vehicles |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0748712A1 (en) * | 1995-06-14 | 1996-12-18 | FIAT AUTO S.p.A. | A fuel tank for motor vehicles |
US6415827B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2002-07-09 | Stant Manufacturing Inc. | Filler neck closure assembly |
JP2001058369A (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2001-03-06 | Ticona Gmbh | Conductive plastic molding |
US6508374B1 (en) | 1999-11-04 | 2003-01-21 | Stant Manufacturing Inc. | Filler neck closure with static charge dissipater |
US7185682B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-03-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Fuel flange assembly for a vehicle fuel system |
US8303877B2 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2012-11-06 | Norma Germany Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a socket |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITTO910332A0 (en) | 1991-05-03 |
ITTO910332A1 (en) | 1992-11-03 |
FR2676026B3 (en) | 1995-03-31 |
FR2676026A1 (en) | 1992-11-06 |
IT1245524B (en) | 1994-09-29 |
GB2255554B (en) | 1995-04-19 |
GB9209422D0 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
DE4214076A1 (en) | 1992-11-05 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20040429 |