GB2254436A - Disposable electrochemical sensor incorporating reagent - Google Patents

Disposable electrochemical sensor incorporating reagent Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2254436A
GB2254436A GB9207169A GB9207169A GB2254436A GB 2254436 A GB2254436 A GB 2254436A GB 9207169 A GB9207169 A GB 9207169A GB 9207169 A GB9207169 A GB 9207169A GB 2254436 A GB2254436 A GB 2254436A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
enclosure
electrode assembly
reactor
reactor according
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9207169A
Other versions
GB9207169D0 (en
GB2254436B (en
Inventor
Robert Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of GB9207169D0 publication Critical patent/GB9207169D0/en
Publication of GB2254436A publication Critical patent/GB2254436A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2254436B publication Critical patent/GB2254436B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5023—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures with a sample being transported to, and subsequently stored in an absorbent for analysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
    • G01N27/3271—Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
    • G01N27/3272—Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/0627—Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
    • B01L2300/0645—Electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0825—Test strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0406—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)

Abstract

A disposable reactor (10) is provided for use with a co-operating instrument (20) to form an analytical device. The reactor includes a body of capillary material (14) housed in an enclosure (11, 15) having an opening for application of liquid to the body. At least one reagent (16) is immobilised in the enclosure. Also an electrode assembly (12, 12) passes through the enclosure, with one portion of the assembly extending within the enclosure to engage the capillary body and another portion of the assembly extending outside the enclosure, remotely from the enclosure opening, for connection with the associated instrument.

Description

ANALYTICAL DEVICES Analytical devices for extralaboratory use are coming into greatly increased usage and they are, at the same time, becoming available in an increasing variety. This is particularly true of such devices related to medicine, but not exclusively so.
These devices are preferably of a self-contained form, typically requiring only the application of a sample of a body fluid such as urine or blood, for example. However, the devices are mostly of a qualitative or semi-qualitative form requiring some ability on the part of the user to interpret the analytical result. Because the user is commonly not skilled for this last purpose, and in fact is often a lay individual, the user-dependent nature of the devices makes them less than completely satisfactory.
This situation is reflected by the fact that a trend can be seen in favour of devices of a quantitative form and the invention concerns such devices.
The present invention particularly concerns quantitative devices of a two-part form involving a reusable instrument co-operable with disposable analytical reactors. More particularly, the invention concerns such two-part devices in which the reactor involves a body of capillary material carrying at least one immobilised reagent and engaging an electrode assembly connectable with an associated instrument. In use, a sample for analysis, and liquid to mobilise the reagent or reagents, are applied to the capillary body and the resultant reaction influences the electrode assembly in a manner dependent on the sample to provide a related quantitative output from the instrument. Such a device and use offers several advantages but, as so far proposed, also suffers from some disadvantages associated with the capillary body.
One of these disadvantages is that, unless the capillary body is compact, reagent can be mobilised in an undesirable manner to create areas of significantly different reagent concentrations.
Another disadvantage is that, if the mobilising liquid is applied by dipping the body into a liquid reservoir, which is attractive for its simplicity, reagent can be leached from the body into the reservoir and impair the desired reaction. A further disadvantage is that the liquid contents of the body can be adversely affected by movement of the body such as occur, for example, with dipping.
An object of the present invention is to reduce these disadvantages and, to this end, the invention provides a disposable reactor for use with a co-operable instrument to form a quantitative analytical device, the reactor comprising a body of capillary material, a liquid-impermeable enclosure housing the capillary body and having an opening for application of liquid to the body, at least one reagent immobilised within the enclosure, and an electrode assembly passing through the enclosure, with one portion of the assembly extending within the enclosure to engage the capillary body and another portion of the assembly extending outside the enclosure, remotely from the enclosure opening, for connection with the associated instrument.
A reagent can be immobilised in the enclosure by impregnation or other incorporation in the capillary body and/or by deposition on or other incorporation in the interior of the enclosure.
Preferably the enclosure and the housed capillary body, are of an elongate form with the opening at one end of the enclosure and the electrode assembly passing through the opposite end.
Such a form suitably involves a strip base for the enclosure, an electrode assembly extending longitudinally along one side face of the base, a capillary body also of strip form and located on the base as well as one end portion, but not the other, of the electrode assembly, and an enclosure cover extending transversely over the body and connected with the base while leaving the electrode assembly other end portion exposed. The electrode assembly can in fact be directly covered with a layer of electrically insulating material over much of its length provided that it is exposed towards its ends respectively for operable engagement with the capillary body and an associated instrument.
The above-described and other facets of the invention are clarified by the following further description, given by way of example, of the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 schematically illustrates in exploded manner one form of a reactor according to the invention together with an associated instrument.
Figure 2 illustrates the results obtained for one form of analytical assay effected with a particular embodiment of the reactor of Figure 1, Figure 3 illustrates the reactions involved in another form of assay, Figure 4 illustrates results obtained for the assay of Figure 3 with another reactor embodiment, and Figures 5 and 6 respectively illustrate yet another assay and results associated with a further reactor embodiment.
Figure 1 the reactor and associated instrument are denoted generally at 10 and 20.
The reactor 10 has a base 11 of strip form made of material which is liquid impermeable and electrically insulating. An electrode assembly consisting of two mutually spaced parallel electrodes 12 are mounted longitudinally on one face of the base and have an intermediate portion of their length covered by a layer 13 of further impermeable insulating material to leave the electrodes exposed at their extremities. A body 14 of capillary material is, in turn, located to cover the exposed electrodes at one extremity. The body 14 is itself covered by a further layer 15 of impermeable insulating material which extends transversely round the body to connect with the base, while leaving exposed the end of the body remote from layer 13.
Lastly, at least one reagent 16 is deposited on part of the base covered by the body.
In several different embodiments of this reactor form constructed during initial development of the invention, the base was made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The electrodes were applied by screen coating with one, the working electrode, being of carbon and the other, the reference or counter electrode, being of silver, surface treated to provide a coating of silver chloride. The capillary body was made of 0.5 mm thick PVA foam (Grade PR0/800; Prosthex Ltd., Surrey, England). The layers 13 and 15 were made of adhesive electrical insulating (PVC) tape and polymethylmethacrylate (Perspex), respectively. Reagent compositions differed between the embodiments for the purposes of respectively different analyses.
The instrument 20 can be of any suitable form adapted for cooperation with the reactor. Clearly it will have a socket 21 or other connector for mutual engagement or other working cooperation with the exposed electrode assembly portion of the reactor. Typically the instrument includes electronic components operable to respond to a representative potential difference set up between the reactor electrodes under the influence of the analytical reaction and to indicate that difference, or a resultant current flow, as a quantified output at a visual display 22. The instrument can also include components operable to render the former fully operable in response to use of a reactor connected therewith, such as by reaction to liquid application. In addition, other components can effect temperature compensation, switch between a range of operational modes in response to differential coding incorporated in reactors of different analytical type, and effect other useful functions.
Turning to the more specific detail of embodiments of the invention used for three different assays of analytical significance, materials used were as follows:- Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1.), diaphorase (EC 1.8.1.4) type II-L, glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) type X, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) type VII, hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) type III, adenosine triphosphate (dipotassium salt), ss-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) sodium salt and ss-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) sodium salt, from the Sigma Chemical Co. Poole, Dorset, England.
Diaphorase (EC 1.8.1.4) type II from Boehringer Mannheim UK, Lewes, East Sussex, England. Aluminium nitrate nonahydrate (99.99997,), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (99.995%) and l,l'-dimethyl-ferrocene from the Aldrich Chemical Co., Gillingham, Dorset, England. Imidazole (extra pure) from BDH Chemical Co., Poole, Dorset, England. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Av.
Mr. 10 kda.) from Fluka Chemicals Ltd., Glossop, Derbyshire, England. Potassium ferricyanide from Fissons Ltd., Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. 1:1 solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared by adding one part by weight polyvinylpyrrolidone to one part by weight of buffer solution and mixing until a smooth paste was formed.
Assay 1. This assay was carried out for glucose. The carbon working electrode of the reactor was doped with l,l'-dimethylferrocene and had the enzyme glucose oxidase immobilised on to it. Glucose solutions were made up in phosphate buffered saline and allowed to stand overnight. Assays were carried out by touching the surface of the glucose solution with the opening end of the reactor. This caused the solution to wick up the capillary body and come into contact with the electrodes to provide a response which was almost instantaneous. This response was in the form of a potential difference across the reactor and this was applied to an instrument in the form of a 4700 11F capacitor deployed to integrate the relevant voltage for two minutes. At the end of this time the voltage across the capacitor was determined using a multimeter.This was plotted against glucose concentration in the sample solution to give a result indicated by Figure 2.
Such an embodiment can be useful to carry out glucose and other determinations in physiological fluids like blood. For this purpose it can be appropriate to incorporate a filter in the reactor enclosure, between the capillary body and opening, as indicated at 17 in Figure 1. This filter is effective to remove unwanted materials such as red blood cells from the incoming sample. Also such an embodiment may usefully be integrated with a lance or other implement useful in providing a blood or other sample. Similar considerations might also apply to other materials for analysis, such as certain foods. These, for example jam, are often viscous and not amenable to normal analytical techniques. However, with the incorporation of a filter into the reactor, it is possible selectively to isolate the free-flowing component and carry out an assay on this.
Assay 2. This assay was carried out for ethanol. It is described here as an example of an analytical reaction that involves a soluble co-enzyme (NAD). For this purpose, the reactor embodiment involved the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (10 mg ml'l) and diaphorase (2 mg ml~l), the co-enzyme NAD (10 mg ml1), and the electron acceptor potassium ferricyanide (40 mg ml1), immobilised in 1:1 polyvinylpyrrolidone (made up with 0.2 M pyrophosphate buffer, pH 9.0) on the reactor base. When an aqueous solution of ethanol was drawn into the reactor, the reagents were dissolved. Ferricyanide is reduced to ferrocyanide as shown in Figure 3. This was detected electrochemically at the working electrode.Again, the voltage resulting from the analytical reaction was used to charge up a capacitor, the voltage across the capacitor after two minutes was plotted against the concentration of ethanol, and the resultant operational characteristic is shown in Figure 4.
Assay 3. This assay was carried out for aluminium and it is described here as an example of an analytical reaction that involves enzyme inhibition. For this purpose the reactor embodiment involved the enzymes hexokinase (40 pg ml1), diaphorase (2 mg ml1), and glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (20 p1 ml~l) and the co-enzyme NADP (10 mg ml-1), immobilised in 1:1 polyvinylpyrrolidone (made up in 1.25 M imidazole buffer, pH 6.9, containing 1 mM magnesium chloride), on the reactor base.Also, the substrates adenosine triphosphate (15 mg ml-l) and glucose (50 mg ml-l) and the electron acceptor ferricyanide (80 mg ml~l) were immobilised in 1:1 polyvinylpyrrolidone (made up in 1.25 M imidazole buffer, pH 6.9, that contained 1 mM magnesium chloride) on the inner face of the enclosure. When such a reactor draws up an acidic aqueous solution of aluminium nitrate (made by dissolving aluminium nitrate in 10 mM nitric acid) the reagents dissolve in it and ferricyanide is reduced to ferrocyanide as shown in Figure 5. The reaction was allowed to proceed for five minutes. Ferrocyanide was detected electrochemically with the resultant voltage being applied to charge up a capacitor. The integrated capacitor voltage after one minute was plotted against the concentration of aluminium to give a characteristic as shown in Figure 6.
While the invention has been described with more particular reference to the illustrated reactor form and assay-specific embodiments thereof, it is clearly open to considerable variation within the broader introductory description.
For example, the reactor can accommodate a sequence of reactions involving the same sample, with an associated instrument giving individual and/or, if appropriate, composite quantitative results for the respective analytical reactions.
For this purpose the reactor base can have the appropriate reagents applied thereto as respective transverse bands in a successively spaced assay along the base so that the reagents are mobilised in sequence as liquid is drawn into the capillary body. Alternatively, or in addition, plural capillary body channels leading to a common site can be provided, as proposed in Patent Specification WO 90/11519.
In another example, an alternative reactor form involves a compressed or otherwise liquid-expansible capillary body. Such a body can expand when activated by the application of liquid to trap a thin film of the liquid against the associated electrodes. Also, such an expansion can be used to close off the enclosure adjacent the opening to prevent, or at least reduce, outward leaching. Similarly, it is possible to close the opposite end of the enclosure if it is not already otherwise so.

Claims (8)

1. A disposable reactor for use with a co-operable instrument to form a quantitative analytical device, which reactor comprises a body of capillary material, a liquid-impermeable enclosure housing the capillary body and having an opening for application of liquid to the body, at least one reagent immobilised within the enclosure, and an electrode assembly passing through the enclosure, with one portion of the assembly extending within the enclosure to engage the capillary body and another portion of the assembly extending outside the enclosure, remotely from the enclosure opening, for connection with the associated instrument.
2. A reactor according to Claim 1 wherein said enclosure and capillary body are each of elongate form with said opening at one end of the enclosure and said electrode assembly passing through the opposite end.
3. A reactor according to Claim 2 comprising a strip base for said enclosure, with said electrode assembly extending longitudinally along one side face of said base, said capillary body being also of strip form and located on said base as well as one end portion, but not the other, of said electrode assembly, and an enclosure cover extending transversely over said body and connected with said base while leaving said electrode assembly other end portion exposed.
4. A reactor according to Claim 3 wherein said electrode assembly comprises two electrodes extending in mutually spaced side-by-side manner along said base.
5. A reactor according to Claim 3 or 4 wherein said electrode assembly is directly covered with a layer of electrically insulating material except at its ends for operable engagement with said body and instrument.
6. A reactor according to any preceding claim comprising a filter located in said enclosure between said capillary body and said opening.
7. A reactor according to any preceding claim comprising a reagent immobilised within said enclosure by impregnation in said capillary body.
8. A reactor according to any preceding claim comprising a reagent immobilised within said enclosure by deposition in the interior thereof.
GB9207169A 1991-04-05 1992-04-01 Analytical devices Expired - Fee Related GB2254436B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9107193A GB9107193D0 (en) 1991-04-05 1991-04-05 Analytical devices

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9207169D0 GB9207169D0 (en) 1992-05-13
GB2254436A true GB2254436A (en) 1992-10-07
GB2254436B GB2254436B (en) 1994-08-17

Family

ID=10692707

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9107193A Pending GB9107193D0 (en) 1991-04-05 1991-04-05 Analytical devices
GB9207169A Expired - Fee Related GB2254436B (en) 1991-04-05 1992-04-01 Analytical devices

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9107193A Pending GB9107193D0 (en) 1991-04-05 1991-04-05 Analytical devices

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0578669A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06506144A (en)
GB (2) GB9107193D0 (en)
IE (1) IE921071A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992017778A1 (en)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0964245A2 (en) * 1998-06-11 1999-12-15 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrochemical analysis element
WO2000033074A1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2000-06-08 Abbott Laboratories Multichemistry measuring device and test strips
US6773671B1 (en) 1998-11-30 2004-08-10 Abbott Laboratories Multichemistry measuring device and test strips
US7721412B2 (en) 1998-03-04 2010-05-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method of making an electrochemical sensor
US7780828B2 (en) * 2004-01-07 2010-08-24 Arkray, Inc. Analytical instrument having improved arrangement of reagent section and analytical method
US7906009B2 (en) 1997-02-06 2011-03-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US7996054B2 (en) 1998-03-04 2011-08-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Electrochemical analyte sensor
US8840553B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2014-09-23 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US9039974B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2015-05-26 Panasonic Healthcare Holdings Co., Ltd. Biological sample measuring device
US9610034B2 (en) 2001-01-02 2017-04-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US9625413B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-04-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefor
US9649057B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2017-05-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
US9669162B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2017-06-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing basal profile modification in analyte monitoring and management systems
US9730584B2 (en) 2003-06-10 2017-08-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Glucose measuring device for use in personal area network
US9743863B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-08-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for powering an electronic device
US9750439B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2017-09-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing notification function in analyte monitoring systems
US9801545B2 (en) 2007-03-01 2017-10-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rolling data in communication systems
US9891185B2 (en) 1998-10-08 2018-02-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US9949678B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2018-04-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for determining elapsed sensor life
US9962091B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2018-05-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous glucose monitoring system and methods of use
US9968306B2 (en) 2012-09-17 2018-05-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Methods and apparatuses for providing adverse condition notification with enhanced wireless communication range in analyte monitoring systems
US9968302B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2018-05-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte signal processing device and methods
US9980670B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2018-05-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor inserter assembly
US9980669B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2018-05-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods
US10039881B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2018-08-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data communication in continuous glucose monitoring and management system
US10201301B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2019-02-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US10231654B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2019-03-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US10429250B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2019-10-01 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods for managing power and noise
US10478108B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2019-11-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
USD902408S1 (en) 2003-11-05 2020-11-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor control unit
US11793936B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2023-10-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Medical device antenna systems having external antenna configurations
US12040067B2 (en) 2007-02-18 2024-07-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing contextual based medication dosage determination

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5593852A (en) 1993-12-02 1997-01-14 Heller; Adam Subcutaneous glucose electrode
US5628890A (en) * 1995-09-27 1997-05-13 Medisense, Inc. Electrochemical sensor
EP2270481B1 (en) * 1997-12-04 2014-05-07 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Glucose measuring instrument
US6949816B2 (en) 2003-04-21 2005-09-27 Motorola, Inc. Semiconductor component having first surface area for electrically coupling to a semiconductor chip and second surface area for electrically coupling to a substrate, and method of manufacturing same
US8465425B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2013-06-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8346337B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2013-01-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US9066695B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2015-06-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US7416699B2 (en) 1998-08-14 2008-08-26 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Carbon nanotube devices
US7138089B2 (en) 2000-07-20 2006-11-21 Hypoguard Limited Test device for analyzing blood glucose or other analytes in bodily fluids
GB2365123A (en) * 2000-07-20 2002-02-13 Hypoguard Ltd Test strip
US6827899B2 (en) 2000-08-30 2004-12-07 Hypoguard Limited Test device
US6942769B2 (en) 2003-08-05 2005-09-13 Bt Medical Corp. Electrochemical sensor strip with low porosity screen
US8112240B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2012-02-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing leak detection in data monitoring and management systems
KR20080074119A (en) * 2005-11-09 2008-08-12 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. Device for testing a fluid
US8930203B2 (en) 2007-02-18 2015-01-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Multi-function analyte test device and methods therefor
US8461985B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2013-06-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
US7928850B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2011-04-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
WO2009027935A2 (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V. Biochemical sensor cartridge
US8103456B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2012-01-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for early signal attenuation detection using blood glucose measurements
US9226701B2 (en) 2009-04-28 2016-01-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Error detection in critical repeating data in a wireless sensor system
US8550295B2 (en) 2010-02-22 2013-10-08 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Container for dispensing a single test strip
US20170016044A1 (en) * 2014-03-13 2017-01-19 PAL Finland Oy Test strip and apparatus for measuring the content of alcohol in blood, or of any other substance in blood, and a method for measuring the content of alcohol in blood

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0021798A2 (en) * 1979-06-20 1981-01-07 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Method of making a device for determining ionic activity
US4549952A (en) * 1982-11-22 1985-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Capillary transport device having means for increasing the viscosity of the transported liquid
EP0170375A2 (en) * 1984-06-13 1986-02-05 Unilever Plc Devices for use in chemical test procedures
EP0230645A2 (en) * 1985-12-28 1987-08-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Ionic activity measuring device
EP0274215A1 (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-07-13 Unilever Plc Electrochemical measurement devices

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH524142A (en) * 1970-06-08 1972-06-15 Miles Lab Electrochemical test arrangement and method for its production
EP0136362B1 (en) * 1983-03-11 1990-12-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Biosensor
GB8308389D0 (en) * 1983-03-26 1983-05-05 Cambridge Life Sciences Assay technique
CA1226036A (en) * 1983-05-05 1987-08-25 Irving J. Higgins Analytical equipment and sensor electrodes therefor
EP0230472B2 (en) * 1985-06-21 2000-12-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Biosensor and method of manufacturing same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0021798A2 (en) * 1979-06-20 1981-01-07 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Method of making a device for determining ionic activity
US4549952A (en) * 1982-11-22 1985-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Capillary transport device having means for increasing the viscosity of the transported liquid
EP0170375A2 (en) * 1984-06-13 1986-02-05 Unilever Plc Devices for use in chemical test procedures
EP0230645A2 (en) * 1985-12-28 1987-08-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Ionic activity measuring device
EP0274215A1 (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-07-13 Unilever Plc Electrochemical measurement devices

Cited By (60)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7906009B2 (en) 1997-02-06 2011-03-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US8808531B2 (en) 1997-02-06 2014-08-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US7909984B2 (en) 1997-02-06 2011-03-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US7721412B2 (en) 1998-03-04 2010-05-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method of making an electrochemical sensor
US7996054B2 (en) 1998-03-04 2011-08-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Electrochemical analyte sensor
US10478108B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2019-11-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8880137B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2014-11-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8840553B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2014-09-23 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
EP0964245A3 (en) * 1998-06-11 2000-09-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrochemical analysis element
US6699382B2 (en) 1998-06-11 2004-03-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method for analyzing a biological sample
EP0964245A2 (en) * 1998-06-11 1999-12-15 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrochemical analysis element
US9891185B2 (en) 1998-10-08 2018-02-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor
US6773671B1 (en) 1998-11-30 2004-08-10 Abbott Laboratories Multichemistry measuring device and test strips
WO2000033074A1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2000-06-08 Abbott Laboratories Multichemistry measuring device and test strips
US9610034B2 (en) 2001-01-02 2017-04-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US9980670B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2018-05-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor inserter assembly
US10973443B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2021-04-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor inserter assembly
US11116430B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2021-09-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor inserter assembly
US11141084B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2021-10-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor inserter assembly
US9962091B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2018-05-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous glucose monitoring system and methods of use
US10750952B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2020-08-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous glucose monitoring system and methods of use
US10039881B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2018-08-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data communication in continuous glucose monitoring and management system
US9730584B2 (en) 2003-06-10 2017-08-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Glucose measuring device for use in personal area network
USD902408S1 (en) 2003-11-05 2020-11-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor control unit
USD914881S1 (en) 2003-11-05 2021-03-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor electronic mount
US7780828B2 (en) * 2004-01-07 2010-08-24 Arkray, Inc. Analytical instrument having improved arrangement of reagent section and analytical method
US10201301B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2019-02-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US10952652B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2021-03-23 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US11911151B1 (en) 2005-11-01 2024-02-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US11399748B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2022-08-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US10231654B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2019-03-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US11363975B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2022-06-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US11272867B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2022-03-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US11103165B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2021-08-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US11538580B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2022-12-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing basal profile modification in analyte monitoring and management systems
US9669162B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2017-06-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing basal profile modification in analyte monitoring and management systems
US9625413B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-04-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefor
US9743863B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-08-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for powering an electronic device
US12040067B2 (en) 2007-02-18 2024-07-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing contextual based medication dosage determination
US9801545B2 (en) 2007-03-01 2017-10-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rolling data in communication systems
US9949678B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2018-04-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for determining elapsed sensor life
US10952611B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2021-03-23 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
US9649057B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2017-05-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
US11696684B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2023-07-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
US10653317B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2020-05-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
US10178954B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2019-01-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
US11793936B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2023-10-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Medical device antenna systems having external antenna configurations
US11872370B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2024-01-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Medical device antenna systems having external antenna configurations
US11635332B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2023-04-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods for managing power and noise
US9968302B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2018-05-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte signal processing device and methods
US11150145B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2021-10-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods for managing power and noise
US11045147B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2021-06-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte signal processing device and methods
US10429250B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2019-10-01 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods for managing power and noise
US10349874B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2019-07-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing notification function in analyte monitoring systems
US9750439B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2017-09-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing notification function in analyte monitoring systems
US9039974B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2015-05-26 Panasonic Healthcare Holdings Co., Ltd. Biological sample measuring device
US9980669B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2018-05-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods
US11612363B2 (en) 2012-09-17 2023-03-28 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Methods and apparatuses for providing adverse condition notification with enhanced wireless communication range in analyte monitoring systems
US9968306B2 (en) 2012-09-17 2018-05-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Methods and apparatuses for providing adverse condition notification with enhanced wireless communication range in analyte monitoring systems
US11950936B2 (en) 2012-09-17 2024-04-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Methods and apparatuses for providing adverse condition notification with enhanced wireless communication range in analyte monitoring systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9207169D0 (en) 1992-05-13
GB9107193D0 (en) 1991-05-22
GB2254436B (en) 1994-08-17
JPH06506144A (en) 1994-07-14
IE921071A1 (en) 1992-10-07
WO1992017778A1 (en) 1992-10-15
EP0578669A1 (en) 1994-01-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
GB2254436A (en) Disposable electrochemical sensor incorporating reagent
EP0636879B1 (en) Method for producing a biosensor
US6254736B1 (en) Method of selectively increasing the hydrophilicity of a web
US4356074A (en) Substrate specific galactose oxidase enzyme electrodes
Davies et al. Polymer membranes in clinical sensor applications: I. An overview of membrane function
US5217594A (en) Convenient determination of trace lead in whole blood and other fluids
US6258229B1 (en) Disposable sub-microliter volume sensor and method of making
ES2282573T3 (en) DIRECT IMMUNOSENSOR TEST.
KR100828450B1 (en) Immunosensor
EP2318837B1 (en) Enhanced immunoassay sensor
JP2001208716A (en) Microsphere including sensor
MXPA02011479A (en) Stabilized tetrazolium reagent compositions and methods for using the same.
ES2184236T3 (en) IN VITRO SENSOR OF SMALL VOLUME ANALYTS.
CA2346415A1 (en) Small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
AU583349B2 (en) Electrochemical assay for cis-diols
MXPA02011478A (en) Stabilized tetrazolium-phenazine reagent compositions and methods for using the same.
US3654180A (en) Indicator for detecting hydrogen peroxide and peroxidative compounds containing alpha naphthoflavone
RU2278612C2 (en) Immune sensor
JP3217066B2 (en) Compositions useful for anaerobic determination of analytes
JPH10267888A (en) Biosensor
JP3127160B2 (en) Improved methods and reagents for measuring an analyte
EP1225449B1 (en) Non-enzymatic disposable electrode strip comprising a surfactant for detecting uric acid or hemoglobin; method for producing the same and its use
KR100427599B1 (en) A self-sampling-and-flow biosensor comprising parallel microporous electrodes.
JPS6257942B2 (en)
JP2002221508A (en) Biosensor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19960401