GB2250967A - Ice detector - Google Patents
Ice detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2250967A GB2250967A GB9127128A GB9127128A GB2250967A GB 2250967 A GB2250967 A GB 2250967A GB 9127128 A GB9127128 A GB 9127128A GB 9127128 A GB9127128 A GB 9127128A GB 2250967 A GB2250967 A GB 2250967A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- image
- ice
- pattern
- ice detector
- target
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
- G08B19/02—Alarm responsive to formation or anticipated formation of ice
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/20—Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing
Abstract
Ice build-up on an aircraft is detected by imaging a test target on an area of interest on a structure and determining when the resolution of that target becomes impaired. A video camera may be used. Part of the test target may be heated and the image of that part compared with the remainder of the target.
Description
ICE DETECTOR
This invention relates to ice detectors for detecting ice on structures, especially air vehicle structures such as aircraft and helicopters.
Ice build-up on air vehicle structures is caused by air vehicles flying through saturated air at low temperatures, and this has been responsible for a number of accidents. To alleviate the problem, de-icing fluids are sprayed over the air vehicle at risk before take-off, and heaters are built into the skin of the air vehicle at key points of vulnerability (leading edges and engine air intakes). However, ice is not always detected to allow the timely application of de-icing fluid and the operation of heaters. Heaters are not run continuously as the considerable power drain is wasteful of fuel and reduces range/load capacity.
A typical method of detecting ice is for a crew member to observe the bolts holding in a flight deck window with a torch. If the bolt heads are obscured, then ice is thought to be present. However, with such a method, the inspection is restricted and the window is not in any case a key area.
The invention provides an ice detector for detecting ice on structures, comprising a camera for imaging a pattern on the structure, and means for detecting variation in the resolution of the image.
With such an arrangement ice build-up can be detected simply from the impairment of the resolution of the image.
Impairment of the resolution of the image due to ice build-up may be detected by employing a video camera and examining the high frequency content of the video signal, or it may be detected by comparing the instantaneous image of the pattern with a stored representation of the pattern.
An ice detector for detecting ice on air vehicle structures constructed in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a detector imaging a target on the air vehicle structure; and
Figure 2 is a view in the direction of Arrow A in
Figure 1, showing a typical target.
A video camera 1 (not to scale) on the body of the air vehicle structure (not shown) images a target 2 on the leading edge of a wing 3 of the air vehicle.
The effect of ice build-up is to make the image of the target 2 in the camera "fuzzy" i.e. there is no longer a sharp transition between the black lines on the surrounding white surface, but the transition is more gradual, and the image of the lines is spread out and gradually rises in intensity over the wider region of the line. The image has the appearance of a blurred image. This effect is used to determine when ice has been deposited on the wing surface.
A processor 4 analyses the frequency content of the image from the camera and sets off an alarm 5 when the high frequency content of the video signal is reduced below a predetermined level. It will be appreciated that high frequencies are only present if the target pattern is in sharp focus, and the build-up of ice will result in only lower frequencies being present.
A heater 6 is located underneath a part of the pattern, and the image of that part of the pattern is separately examined. This could inhibit the alarm if the frequency content of the heated region is the same as that of the remainder of the target, because this would simply indicate that the loss of detail was caused by dirt or rain or cloud.
As an alternative, the heated area can be used to set a threshold against which the resolution of the remainder of the target is compared, so that the alarm is triggered when the high frequency content of the image of the remainder of the target falls a predetermined amount below the high frequency content of the image of the heated part of the target
A cooling means 7, for example a thermoelectric device such as a peltier cell arrangement, may be located underneath the pattern and arranged to cool the pattern down to a temperature just above that at which icing will occur.
Any icing conditions will therefore quickly cause obscuration of the pattern in advance of ice being deposited upon other parts of the vehicle structure, so that heaters can be applied in - timely fashion. Peltier cells can be operated in one sense to cause a cooling effect, and in another sense to cause a heating effect which can be used to melt ice which has obscured the pattern.
As an alternative to examining the high frequency content of the video image, the high frequency content of the image could be compared with a stored representation of the pattern, and the alarm could depend on a predetermined difference from the stored pattern. Indeed, other types of sensors then a video camera could be used in this case, and the build-up of ice could be detected by examining unit areas in the vicinity of the lines in order to ascertain how wide the image is and how great are the differences between the intensity of the unit areas from one side to the other of the image of the line.
As an alternative, or in addition, to the alarm, the processor may be operative to automatically switch on heaters at vulnerable parts of the aircraft.
With the invention, it will be possible to image various areas of the aircraft at risk of icing.
The ice detector need not be restricted to use on air vehicles, and it could also be used on the masts of ships, transmitter masts, power pylons, bridges or any other structure that could be hazarded by the weight of ice built up on it.
Claims (7)
1. An ice detector comprising a camera for imaging a pattern on the structure, and means for detecting variation in the resolution of the image.
2. An ice detector as claimed in claim 1, in which the camera is a video camera, and the detecting means is arranged to sense the frequency content of the video signal.
3. An ice detector as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, including means for heating a part of the pattern and for comparing the image of that part of the pattern with the image of the remainder of the pattern.
4. An ice detector, as claimed in any preceding claim, including means for artificially cooling a part of the pattern.
5. An ice detector substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
6. An air vehicle structure including an ice detector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A method of detecting ice on a structure in which variations are detected in the resolution of an image of a pattern on the structure.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB909027943A GB9027943D0 (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-21 | Ice detector |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9127128D0 GB9127128D0 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
GB2250967A true GB2250967A (en) | 1992-06-24 |
GB2250967B GB2250967B (en) | 1994-06-01 |
Family
ID=10687530
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB909027943A Pending GB9027943D0 (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-21 | Ice detector |
GB9127128A Expired - Fee Related GB2250967B (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1991-12-20 | Ice detector |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB909027943A Pending GB9027943D0 (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-21 | Ice detector |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0563174A1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB9027943D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992011616A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995020771A1 (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-08-03 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method and apparatus for remote detection and thickness measurement of solid or liquid layer |
GB2311602A (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-01 | Rover Group | A sensing system for a vehicle |
EP0827908A1 (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-11 | Robotic Vision Systems Inc. | Apparatus for detecting a polarization altering substance on a surface |
US5841538A (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1998-11-24 | Robotic Vision Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for detecting a polarization altering substance on a surface |
CN102313512A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image icing detection method |
EP2589928A1 (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2013-05-08 | Commercial Aircraft Corporation Of China Ltd | Detecting device for detecting icing by image and detecting method thereof |
CN103101626A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-05-15 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Freezing detector |
DE102014226172A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Automatic deicing device |
CN105909390A (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-08-31 | 通用电气公司 | Imaging assisted gas turbine anti-icing system |
CN108128466A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-06-08 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image-type icing detector and icing detection method |
CN108128468A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-06-08 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image-type icing detector and icing detection method |
US10124900B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2018-11-13 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Automated super-cooled water-droplet size differentiation using aircraft accretion patterns |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102313510B (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2013-09-11 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image icing detector |
CN102313511B (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2015-12-16 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Icing detector |
CN103101627B (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2015-05-13 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Freezing detector |
CN103043216B (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2016-04-20 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Icing detector |
CN111521131B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-16 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Data acquisition device and data acquisition method for ice sample structural analysis |
EP4109400A1 (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-12-28 | AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH | A method of quantifying a loss of visibility through a transparent object |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1582673A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1981-01-14 | Gauting Gmbh Apparatebau | Ice detector |
US4327286A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1982-04-27 | Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh | Method and apparatus for measuring the risk of ice formation |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4379227A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1983-04-05 | Paul Kovacs | Apparatus for and a method of monitoring the build-up of ice |
US4789898A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1988-12-06 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Demand auto focus driven by scene information only |
-
1990
- 1990-12-21 GB GB909027943A patent/GB9027943D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-12-20 WO PCT/GB1991/002297 patent/WO1992011616A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-12-20 EP EP19920901639 patent/EP0563174A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-12-20 GB GB9127128A patent/GB2250967B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1582673A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1981-01-14 | Gauting Gmbh Apparatebau | Ice detector |
US4327286A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1982-04-27 | Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh | Method and apparatus for measuring the risk of ice formation |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995020771A1 (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-08-03 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method and apparatus for remote detection and thickness measurement of solid or liquid layer |
US5841538A (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1998-11-24 | Robotic Vision Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for detecting a polarization altering substance on a surface |
GB2311602A (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-01 | Rover Group | A sensing system for a vehicle |
GB2311602B (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 2000-03-01 | Rover Group | A sensing system for a vehicle |
EP0827908A1 (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-11 | Robotic Vision Systems Inc. | Apparatus for detecting a polarization altering substance on a surface |
EP2589928A4 (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2014-11-05 | Commercial Aircraft Corp Cn | Detecting device for detecting icing by image and detecting method thereof |
CN102313512A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image icing detection method |
EP2589928A1 (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2013-05-08 | Commercial Aircraft Corporation Of China Ltd | Detecting device for detecting icing by image and detecting method thereof |
US9769431B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2017-09-19 | Commercial Aircraft Corporation Of China, Ltd | Ice detector |
WO2014086276A1 (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Ice detector |
US20150163460A1 (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2015-06-11 | Commerical Aircraft Corporati9On Of China, Ltd. | Ice detector |
CN103101626B (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2015-09-02 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Icing detector |
CN103101626A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-05-15 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Freezing detector |
DE102014226172A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Automatic deicing device |
US9567907B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2017-02-14 | General Electrical Company | Imaging assisted gas turbine anti-icing system |
KR20160103517A (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-09-01 | 제네럴 일렉트릭 컴퍼니 | Imaging assisted gas turbine anti-icing system |
JP2016166604A (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-09-15 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Imaging assisted gas turbine anti-icing system |
EP3061691A1 (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-08-31 | General Electric Company | Imaging assisted gas turbine anti-icing system |
CN105909390A (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-08-31 | 通用电气公司 | Imaging assisted gas turbine anti-icing system |
CN105909390B (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2021-02-09 | 通用电气公司 | Imaging assisted gas turbine anti-icing system |
JP7009047B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2022-01-25 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Gas turbine icing prevention system supported by imaging |
KR102502366B1 (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2023-02-21 | 제네럴 일렉트릭 컴퍼니 | Imaging assisted gas turbine anti-icing system |
US10124900B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2018-11-13 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Automated super-cooled water-droplet size differentiation using aircraft accretion patterns |
CN108128466A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-06-08 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image-type icing detector and icing detection method |
CN108128468A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-06-08 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image-type icing detector and icing detection method |
CN108128466B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-27 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image-type icing detector and icing detection method |
CN108128468B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-27 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Image-type icing detector and icing detection method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9027943D0 (en) | 1991-02-13 |
GB9127128D0 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
EP0563174A1 (en) | 1993-10-06 |
GB2250967B (en) | 1994-06-01 |
WO1992011616A1 (en) | 1992-07-09 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19951220 |