GB2244813A - Double cone pressure meter - Google Patents
Double cone pressure meter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2244813A GB2244813A GB9008487A GB9008487A GB2244813A GB 2244813 A GB2244813 A GB 2244813A GB 9008487 A GB9008487 A GB 9008487A GB 9008487 A GB9008487 A GB 9008487A GB 2244813 A GB2244813 A GB 2244813A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pressuremeter
- soil
- double cone
- corke
- pressuremeters
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
A double cone pressuremeter has a body (1) in the shape of two hollow cones placed base to base. As the device is pushed downwards into the ground, the solid nature of the variable diameter fixed body (1) forces the surrounding soil at a particular level to deflect radially outwards and then inwards in a controlled manner and at a predetermined rate in order to force upon the soil the type of deformation required to carry out a pressuremeter test. Strain gauged circular hoops (10) set flush with the outer surface of the device measure the soil pressure. Drilling fluid passes down a pipe (5) and is removed together with soil or rock waste via the annulus between the pipe (5) and body (1). Water pressure is measured by sensors (11). <IMAGE>
Description
DOUBLY CONE FRESSUREKETER This invention relates to a pressuremeter.
Pressuremeters are used to test and determine soil and rock physical properties in situ, that is by carrying out the test with the device in the ground. Pressuremeters are devices which can apply lateral pressures to the surrounding ground. From measurements of the applied pressure, the movement of the ground next to the device and sometimes the groundwater pressure next to the device physical properties of the ground can be determined.
In the past, pressuremeters have comprised a cylindrical body with a section covered by an inflatable membrane which can be made to expand against the adjacent ground by the application of fluid pressure inside the membrane.
Four main difficulties are experienced with existing pressuremeters.
1. The membranes burst, requiring time consuming replacement.
2. The membranes have a stiffness which affects the pressure applied to the soil. This requires calibrations to be carried out which take time and the resulting corrections to the test results reduce the accuracy of the test.
3. The membranes are slightly compressible and although a calibration can be carried out to apply a correction for this it is again time consuming and introduces inaccuracy.
t. The soil movement is measured indirectly either by measuring the volume of fluid pumped into the expanded device or by using electro-mechanical sensors which measure the movement of the inside face of the membrane.
The volume measurement method involves assumptions regarding the shape of the expanded membrane and sometimes further calibrations for the expansion of the hose supplying the pressurised fluid. The electro-mechanical movement sensors all require calibration, and many suffer from mechanical difficulties which cause non linear response which subsequently causes difficulty with the interpretation of the test results.
In addition to the above difficulties, existing pressuremeters are used to carry out a test with the device held in one position while the membrane is expanded, so that it is not possible to carry out a test at the same time that the device is being inserted in or through the ground.
According to the present invention there is provided a body, the main part of which is in the shape of two hollow cones, placed base to base. As the device is pushed into the ground, the soil at any level that the instrument passes is made to move outwards and then inwards due to the increasing and then decreasing diameter of the two cones. The fixed nature of the body imposes defined movements onto the adjacent ground. The ground pressures generated by these imposed movements are measured by sensors mounted flush with the face of the device.
A specific embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 shows the presuremeter in elevation.
Figures 2a and 2b show the pressuremeter in section.
Figure 3 shows the pressuremeter in plan.
Refering to the drawing, the Corke Double Cone
Pressuremeter comprises a body (1) in the external shape of a double cone. The body is hollow in order to provide a passage for the supply and return of drilling fluid (2) and to accomodate the ground removal system. The ground removal system comprises either a water jetting device (3) shown in Figure 2a or a rotary drilling device (4) as shown in Figure 2b. In both cases a central hollow rod (5) supplies the flushing fluid which then carries away the cuttings, returning them to the surface through the annulus between the instrument body (1) and the central hollow rod (5).
The thrust necessary to push the pressuremeter into the ground is provided by means of outer hollow rods (6) which extend above the top of the instrument.
The cutting shoe (7) penetrates the ground as the pressuremeter is pushed downwards. Soil entering the shoe is removed and flushed away as described above.
As the pressuremeter is pushed into the ground, the soil around the device which does not enter the cutting shoe is forced te move radially outwards due to the increasing diameter of the lower cone (8). Further penetration of the device past a particular level allows the soil to move back in towards the pressuremeter due to the decreasing diameter of the upper cone (9).
This radial outward and then inward movement of the soil caused by the passage of the particular fixed shape of the Corke Double Cone Pressuremeter is as would be achieved with a conventional pressuremeter by expanding and then contracting an inflatable membrane.
The soil pressure caused by the enforced soil movement is measured by a series of strain gauged circular hoops (10) mounted flush with the outer surface of the device.
The device also contains electronic water pressure measurement cells (11) set flush with the outer surface, to measure the water pressure in the surrounding soil.
The size and shape of the body of the device can be adjusted so that its geometry and number and location of pressure measurement devices suit the requirements of testing in different soil types.
The pressures measured at each diameter for the lower (expanding) cone (8) can be used to calculate strength properties of the soil. The pressures measured at each diameter for the upper (contracting) cone (9) can be used to calculate stiffness properties of the soil.
Claims (4)
1. The Corke Double Cone Pressuremeter comprising a body in the form of two hollow cones placed base to base provides a means of carrying out pressuremeter tests by forcing the surrounding soil at a particular level to deflect radially outwards and then inwards in a controlled manner and at a predetermined rate as the variable diameter fixed body device is pushed downwards.
2. The Corke Double Cone Pressuremeter as claimed in
Claim 1 controls the lateral radial expansion of the soil by virtue of the fixed dimensions of its body and does not require an expanding membrane of any type to apply lateral pressure to the soil and does not require any electro-mechanical strain measurement devices as used by existing pressuremeters.
3. The Corke Double Cone Pressuremeter as claimed in
Claim 1 measures the pressure excerted by the soil on the instrument directly at the outer surface of the device by means of strain gauged circular hoops rather than indirectly inside an expanding membrane as in existing pressuremeters.
4. The Corke Double Cone Pressuremeter as claimed in
Claim 1 enables a pressuremeter test to be carried out while the device is being pushed through the ground, rather than having to stop to carry out a test as is the case with existing pressuremeters.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9008487A GB2244813A (en) | 1990-04-17 | 1990-04-17 | Double cone pressure meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9008487A GB2244813A (en) | 1990-04-17 | 1990-04-17 | Double cone pressure meter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9008487D0 GB9008487D0 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
| GB2244813A true GB2244813A (en) | 1991-12-11 |
Family
ID=10674447
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9008487A Withdrawn GB2244813A (en) | 1990-04-17 | 1990-04-17 | Double cone pressure meter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2244813A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110031289A (en) * | 2017-08-20 | 2019-07-19 | 韩少鹏 | Geotechnical engineering surrouding rock deformation experimental provision |
-
1990
- 1990-04-17 GB GB9008487A patent/GB2244813A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110031289A (en) * | 2017-08-20 | 2019-07-19 | 韩少鹏 | Geotechnical engineering surrouding rock deformation experimental provision |
| CN110031289B (en) * | 2017-08-20 | 2021-12-24 | 河南省地质工程勘察院有限公司 | Geotechnical engineering surrounding rock deformation experimental device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9008487D0 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |