GB2234108A - A battery - Google Patents

A battery Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2234108A
GB2234108A GB9015701A GB9015701A GB2234108A GB 2234108 A GB2234108 A GB 2234108A GB 9015701 A GB9015701 A GB 9015701A GB 9015701 A GB9015701 A GB 9015701A GB 2234108 A GB2234108 A GB 2234108A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
battery
lithium
salt
mol
positive electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9015701A
Other versions
GB9015701D0 (en
Inventor
Alexander Gilmour
Robin John Neat
Marion Ruth Rance
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dowty Electronic Components Ltd
Original Assignee
Dowty Electronic Components Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dowty Electronic Components Ltd filed Critical Dowty Electronic Components Ltd
Publication of GB9015701D0 publication Critical patent/GB9015701D0/en
Publication of GB2234108A publication Critical patent/GB2234108A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

A battery (1) which includes at least one electrochemical cell having: a negative electrode (4); an electrolyte; and a positive electrode (5). The positive electrode has an active material which includes or comprises Lithium Vanadium Oxide having a stoichiometry of LiVOx where 2.5 </= x </= 3. A method of manufacturing the active material by decomposition of a Manganese salt and Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) is also disclosed.

Description

A BATTERY This invention relates to a battery having at least one cell, and, in particular, to a battery having a cell with an improved active material in the positive electrode.
In accordance with the present invention a battery includes at least one electrochemical cell having: - a negative electrode; - an electrolyte; and - a positive electrode; wherein the positive electrode has an active material which includes or comprises Lithium Vanadium Oxide having an arbitrary stoichiometry of LiVoX where 2.5 < x 4 3.
Preferably, the Lithium Vanadium Oxide is Lithium Vanadate (LiVO3).
A typical discharge curve for a cell made in accordance with the present invention and having an active material of Lithium Vanadate is included in the drawings, Figure 3A.
Preferably, the Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOX) active material is in mixture with a second active material, for example, spinel Lithium Manganite (LiNn2O4).
Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVO,) may be used as the active material in any type of battery primary or secondary, aqueous or non aqueous. However, preferably the battery is a secondary battery.
A typical curve showing the recyclability characteristics of a cell made in accordance with the present invention and having an active material of Lithium Vanadate (LiVO3) is included in the drawings, Figure 3B. These datum are self explanatory to a person skilled in the art, and no further explanation is required or will be given.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention a battery includes at least one cell, having: - a negative electrode; - an electrolyte; and - a positive electrode; wherein the positive electrode has an active material which is formed by the decomposition of an aqueous solution of a decomposable Manganese salt, and Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) with a decomposable Lithium salt.
Preferably, the decomposable Lithium salt is Lithium Nitrate (LiNO3). Alternatively, the Lithium salt is Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH).
In yet another alternative a mixture of Lithium salts is used, for example, Lithium Nitrate (LiNO3) mixed with Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH).
Preferably, the decomposable Manganese salt is Manganese Nitrate (Mn(N03)2).
The decomposition of the aqueous solution of Manganese salt and Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) with a Lithium salt creates itself a mixture of constituent compounds, predominate amongst which are Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOx) and spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn2O4).
The decomposition forms other compounds but these are insignificant in comparison to the predominate compounds in the operation of the active material.
Therefore, it is these predominating compounds which when used in the positive electrode of a battery acts as the active material thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the aqueous solution which is decomposed to form the active material comprises the following proportions of its basic components: Lithium salt between 25 mol% and 40 mol% Manganese salt between l63'3mol% and 50 mol% and Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) between 25 mol% and 40 mol% Preferably, the Lithium salt and the Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) are in equal molar amounts.
Preferably, the aqueous solution is thermally decomposed to form the active material of the positive electrode.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention the aqueous solution is thermally decomposed by heating to a temperature between 2500C and 4500C for a period of between 10 and 20 hrs. Most preferably the aqueous solution is heated to a temperature of 3500C for a period of 14 hrs.
Preferably, the negative electrode is a Lithium metal or Lithium alloy electrode.
The electrolyte used in a battery made in accordance with the present invention may be any suitable electrolyte solid, for example, Polyethylene oxide, or liquid, for example, Propylene Carbonate/Ethylene Carbonate mix.
Preferably, the electrolyte contains a Lithium salt, for example, with the solid electrolyte Lithium Perchlorate (LiClO4) and with the liquid electrolyte, Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6).
The invention also includes the use of Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOX) in a battery. The Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOx) may be in a mixture with other compounds for example, Lithium Manganite (LiMn2O4).
The invention also includes the use of an active material which is formed in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention.
The invention will now be illustrated, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a sectional view through a battery made in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view of a section through the positive electrode of the battery, shown in Figure 1; and Figures show typical curves for a battery 3A & 3B made in accordance with the present invention.
Now referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, a battery 1 of conventional design comprises: - an outer cylindrical casing 2; and - a cell of wound construction contained within the outer cylindrical casing 2.
The cell comprises: - an elongate strip 4 of Lithium metal, which forms the negative electrode of the battery; - a composite positive electrode 5 having an active conductive medium comprising Lithium Vanadium Oxide where (LiVOX) where 2.5 x 4 3 and spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn2O4); - two insulating separator strips 6 disposed one on either side of the composite positive electrode 5; and - a solid electrolyte.
The cell has a basic configuration of negative electrode 4 separator 6 positive electrode 5 separator 6, which is wound so that it can be disposed in the cylindrical casing 2.
Further, the battery is provided with two connections, a first connection (not shown) from the lithium electrode, the negative electrode 4, to a negative terminal (the outer cylindrical casing 2), and a second connection 9 from the composite positive electrode 5 to a positive terminal 10.
The battery also includes two sealing insulating members 7, 8.
The first sealing insulating member 7 is disposed about the positive terminal 10 so as to insulate the negative terminal (the outer cylindrical casing 2) from the positive terminal 10. Further, the first sealing insulating member 7 acts as an atmospheric sealing member to seal the interior of the battery from the atmosphere, and thereby prevent the ingress of containments such as water vapour.
The second sealing insulating member 8 is disposed about the second connection 9 from the composite positive electrode 5 to the positive terminal 10 at a position between the positive terminal 10 and the cell. In this way the positive terminal 10 and the first sealing/insulating member 7 are insulated from the cell.
In this embodiment of the invention the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte which comprises polyethylene oxide (PEO) in which the Lithium salt Lithium Perchlorate (LiClo4) is dispersed.
In an alternative arrangement a liquid electrolyte of propylene carbonate with ethylene carbonate (PC/EC) may be used. In this case the Lithium salt, Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF) may be dispersed in the electrolyte.
Now referring to Figure 2 of the drawings, the composite positive electrode 5 is shown. This electrode comprises: - an aluminium foil substrate 11; and - a coating of positive active material 12.
The active-material 12 is prepared by one of the methods described below, and comprises the predominating compounds Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOX) and spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn2O4).
The composite positive electrode 5 is manufactured by making a slurry mix of the Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOx) and spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn2O4), applying the slurry mix as a coating to the aluminium foil substrate 11 and drying the resultant article. In this way the slurry is dried to form a coating on the aluminium.
The active conductive medium may be prepared by any one of the following methods.
Method 1 An aqueous solution, in the form of a slurry, is prepared by mixing: 25 mol% Lithium Nitrate (LiNO3) 25 mol% Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) and 50 mol% Manganese Nitrate (Mn(NO3)2) with water.
The resultant slurry is now heated to a temperature of 3500C and maintained there for a period of 14hrs. This causes the constituent compounds in the slurry to thermally decompose to leave a mixture of compounds, predominate amongst which are Lithium Vanadate (LiVO,) where 2.5 # x 4 3 and spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn204).
The resultant mixture of compounds provides the active material for the composite positive electrode of the battery.
Method 2 Same as with Method 1 except the slurry is formed by mixing: 50 mol% Lithium Nitrate (LiNO3) 33 mol% Ammonium Vanadate (NH < VO3) and 16 mol% Manganese Nitrate (Mn(NO3)2) with water.
Method 3 Same preparation as with Method 1 except the slurry is formed with a mixture comprising: 25 mol% Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) 25 mol% Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) and 50 mol% Manganese Nitrate (Mn(NO3)#).
Method 4 Same preparation as with Method 1 except the slurry is formed with a mixture comprising: 50 mol% Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) 33 mol% Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) and 16 mol% Manganese Nitrate (Mn(NO3)2).

Claims (19)

1. A battery which includes at least one electrochemical cell having: - a negative electrode; - an electrolyte; and - a positive electrode; wherein the positive electrode has an active material including, or comprising, Lithium Vanadium Oxide having an arbitrary stoichiometry of (LiVOX) where x is 2.5 4 x 4 3.
2. A battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVO,) active conductive medium is in mixture with a second active conductive medium.
3. A battery as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOx) is in mixture with spinel Lithium Manganite (LiMn2O4).
4. A battery as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOx) is Lithium Vanadate (LiVO3).
5. A battery including at least one cell having: - a negative electrode; - an electrolyte; and - a positive electrode; wherein the positive electrode has an active material which is formed by the decomposition of an aqueous solution of a decomposable Manganese salt and Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) with a decomposable lithium salt or salts.
6. A battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Lithium salt is Lithium Nitrate (LiNO3).
7. A battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Lithium salt is Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH).
8. A battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Lithium salt comprises a mixture of lithium salts.
9. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the decomposable Manganese salt is Manganese Nitrate (Mn(NO3)2).
10. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the aqueous solution which is decomposed comprises the following proportions of its basic components: Lithium Salt between 25 mol% and 50 mol% Manganese salt between 16ltmolt and 50 mol% and Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) between 25 mol% and 40 mol%.
11. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the aqueous solution is evaporated and then thermally decomposed to form the active conductive medium of the positive electrode.
12. A battery as claimed in claim 11 wherein the aqueous solution is evaporated and then thermally decomposed by heating to a temperature between 2500C and 4500C for a period of between 10 and 20hrs.
13. A battery as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the aqueous solution is evaporated and then thermally decomposed by heating to a temperature of 3500C for 14hrs.
14. A battery as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the negative electrode is a lithium metal or lithium alloy electrode.
15. A battery as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrolyte contains a lithium salt.
16. A battery as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte containing Lithium Perchlorate (LiClO4).
17. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein the electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte containing Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF).
18. The use of an active conductive material of Lithium Vanadium Oxide (LiVOX) in a battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 and claims 12, 13 or 14 as they depend on claims 1 to 4.
19. The use of an active conductive material which is formed by the decomposition of an aqueous solution of a lithium salt, Manganese Nitrate (Mn(NO3)2) and Ammonium Vanadate (NH4VO3) in a battery as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 11, and claims 12, 13 or 14 as they depend on claims 5 to 11.
GB9015701A 1989-07-20 1990-07-17 A battery Withdrawn GB2234108A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898916568A GB8916568D0 (en) 1989-07-20 1989-07-20 A battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9015701D0 GB9015701D0 (en) 1990-09-05
GB2234108A true GB2234108A (en) 1991-01-23

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Family Applications (2)

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GB898916568A Pending GB8916568D0 (en) 1989-07-20 1989-07-20 A battery
GB9015701A Withdrawn GB2234108A (en) 1989-07-20 1990-07-17 A battery

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB898916568A Pending GB8916568D0 (en) 1989-07-20 1989-07-20 A battery

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0435991A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04500883A (en)
CA (1) CA2037047A1 (en)
GB (2) GB8916568D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1991001572A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2269265A (en) * 1992-08-01 1994-02-02 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Insertion materials for use as active cathode of secondary electrochemical cell
US5441832A (en) * 1992-08-01 1995-08-15 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Electrochemical cell
WO2013057311A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) New cathode material for a lithium battery

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4716072B2 (en) * 2001-07-02 2011-07-06 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Lithium vanadium composite oxide for negative electrode active material of water based lithium secondary battery, method for producing the same, and lithium secondary battery using the same
WO2006025604A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Avestor Limited Partnership Process for producing positive electrode material composition for lithium secondary battery
JPWO2006025601A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2008-05-08 株式会社日本触媒 Positive electrode material composition for lithium secondary battery
WO2006025600A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Method for maintaining positive electrode material composition for lithium secondary battery
JPWO2006025602A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2008-05-08 株式会社日本触媒 Method for producing positive electrode material composition for lithium secondary battery
JP2007123251A (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-05-17 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
FR2970376B1 (en) * 2011-01-07 2013-01-25 Commissariat Energie Atomique BIPHASE POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ACCUMULATOR AND METHOD OF SYNTHESIS
WO2015159331A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-22 株式会社日立製作所 Solid-state battery, electrode for solid-state battery, and production processes therefor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5460422A (en) * 1977-10-24 1979-05-15 Hitachi Ltd Battery
US4596752A (en) * 1983-11-07 1986-06-24 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Electrochemical cell structures and materials therefor
US4803137A (en) * 1987-05-19 1989-02-07 Bridgestone Corporation Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell
JPH10320228A (en) * 1997-05-20 1998-12-04 Fujitsu Ltd Semiconductor circuit

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2584246B2 (en) * 1987-09-25 1997-02-26 三洋電機株式会社 Non-aqueous secondary battery
JP2559055B2 (en) * 1988-03-07 1996-11-27 日本電信電話株式会社 Lithium battery
JP2559054B2 (en) * 1988-03-07 1996-11-27 日本電信電話株式会社 Lithium battery
FR2644935B1 (en) * 1989-03-21 1996-05-15 Centre Nat Rech Scient NOVEL LIXMZV2´ZO5´T ELECTRODE MATERIAL, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND USE IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5460422A (en) * 1977-10-24 1979-05-15 Hitachi Ltd Battery
US4596752A (en) * 1983-11-07 1986-06-24 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Electrochemical cell structures and materials therefor
US4803137A (en) * 1987-05-19 1989-02-07 Bridgestone Corporation Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell
JPH10320228A (en) * 1997-05-20 1998-12-04 Fujitsu Ltd Semiconductor circuit

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2269265A (en) * 1992-08-01 1994-02-02 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Insertion materials for use as active cathode of secondary electrochemical cell
US5441832A (en) * 1992-08-01 1995-08-15 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Electrochemical cell
GB2269265B (en) * 1992-08-01 1995-10-11 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Electrochemical cell
WO2013057311A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) New cathode material for a lithium battery
FR2981799A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-26 Centre Nat Rech Scient NEW CATHODIC MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM BATTERY

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2037047A1 (en) 1991-01-21
GB9015701D0 (en) 1990-09-05
JPH04500883A (en) 1992-02-13
GB8916568D0 (en) 1989-09-06
EP0435991A1 (en) 1991-07-10
WO1991001572A1 (en) 1991-02-07

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