GB2221916A - Aqueous dispersions of alkoxylated alcohols and printing inks containing the dispersions - Google Patents
Aqueous dispersions of alkoxylated alcohols and printing inks containing the dispersions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2221916A GB2221916A GB8825093A GB8825093A GB2221916A GB 2221916 A GB2221916 A GB 2221916A GB 8825093 A GB8825093 A GB 8825093A GB 8825093 A GB8825093 A GB 8825093A GB 2221916 A GB2221916 A GB 2221916A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- dispersion
- water
- dispersions
- inks
- printing ink
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 title description 47
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010919 Copernicia prunifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000180278 Copernicia prunifera Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005021 flexible packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002398 hexadecan-1-ols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/42—Ethers, e.g. polyglycol ethers of alcohols or phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2603—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
- C08G65/2606—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
- C08G65/2609—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Abstract
Water-based dispersions usable as printing ink additives are prepared using high molecular weight, linear, alkoxylated, primary alcohols having an average chain length in the hydrocarbon portion of the alcohol of from about 22 to about 150 carbon atoms. The preparation comprises slowly adding the alkoxylated alcohol, which has been heated to a temperature above its melting point, to water which has also been heated, and thereafter cooling the dispersion while stirring.
Description
DISPERSIONS OF SOLIDS IN AQUEOUS SYSTEMS Field of the Invention 1. Background of the Invention Thls invention relates to dispersions of solids in aqueous systems. More particularly, this Invention relates to water-based printing ink additive dispersions which may be waxes and/or polymers.
There are four (4) general classes of printing inks. There are letter press and lithographic inks, also known as oil inks or paste inks, and there are flexographic and rotogravure inks, also known as solvent or liquid inks. This invention is concerned with a particular class of flexographic and rotogravure inks which are water-based. Although these inks have certain characteristics in comion with inks used in other printing processes, they form a distinct class because of the character of their printing processes, their applications and formulations.
The main distinction of flexographic and rotogravure inks is that they are of low viscosity compared to other classes of printing inks.
Flexographic and rotogravure inks have, in the past, been prepared by dissolving or dispersing pigments or other colorants in volatile solvents such as alcohols, ketones and hydrocarbons. Due to environmental problems associated vith the manufacture of inks formulated with volatile solvents, water-based flexographic and rotogravure inks are becoming more important.
In flexographic printing, a form of rotary letter press uses a flexible plate, such as rubber, and fluid inks. Originally, flexographic printing was used for paper bag printing but subsequently proved suitable for printing almost any kind of flexible packaging material. Flexographic inks generally consist of pigment dispersed in a vehicle made by dissolving one or more resins in a solvent such as a volatile solvent, or water. The water-based flexographic inks are widely used on paper and paper board. The vehicles for water-based inks are usually made from acrylic copolymers, acids rosin esters, shellac, acidic styrene copolymers and additives such as waxes.The advantages of water based Inks include good press stability and printability, absence of fire hazard and volatile solvent emissions, convenience and the economy of water as a diluent and for wash-up. Slnce the water based inks do not use volatile solvents, their use is gaining favor over the use of solvent-based inks.
Rotogravure inks have three essential ingredients: a pigment, a resin, a polymer or wax additive and a solvent. As in flexographic inks, water-based rotogravure inks are gaining favor over solvent-based inks because of environmental and worker hazard considerations.
In general, water-based inks are a mixture of water, resin, emulsifier or dispersing agent, a pigment and a polymer or wax additive. One of the problems associated vith water-based Inks, is that the vater-based additive systems, containing polymers, waxes and other ingredients to enhance various characteristics of the ink, have not been made which contained above about 30S solids using as much as 25% dispersant based on the total additive volume.
2. Prior Art
U.S. Patent No. 2,925,349 discloses a polish which utilizes alcohols having up to 20 carbon atoms as dispersants. Such alcohols may be oxyethylated.
U.S. Patent No. 3,533,811 discloses a vater-based printing ink comprising a vater-missable organic solvent, film forming resins which are soluble in the water missable solvent, pigment, soluble protein, a polymer latex and a volatile base.
The vater-missable organic solvents which are used are lover aliphatic alcohols and the lower alkylene glycols and their esters and ethers.
U.S. Patent No. 3,563,910 discloses alkoxylated alcohols having up to 38 carbon atoms as emulsiflers for water/hydrocarbon mixtures.
U.S. Patent No. 3,884,707 discloses a water-based ink comprising a basic dye, water, an organic solvent and a resin. The organic solvents employed are, for example, ethylene glycol and its ethers.
U.S. Patent No. 4,686,260 discloses a process for preparing a polymer emulsion for a water-based ink which contains colloidally suspended polymer. The emulsifiers used are anionic, cationic or nonionic emulsifiers or mixtures thereof such as a varlety of alcohols and ethylene oxide derivatives of long-chained carboxylic acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids.
Also, analogous ethylene oxide condensates of long-chained alcohols, such as octyl, decyl, stearyl and cetyl alcohols are used.
Summarv of the Invent ion
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that certain high molecular weight, linear, alkoxylated primary alcohols provide superior dispersant characteristics to water-based ink additives systems containing waxes and polymers, particularly for use in water-based flexographic and rotogravure inks. The inks to which the water-based additive systems of the present invention are added have improved adhesion, gloss and slip properties.
Accordingly, an object this invention is to prepare high solids content waterbased ink additive dispersions containing only water and the alkoxylated alcohol.
Such dispersions are suitable as ink additive systems and can be used to replace present water-based additive systems containing conventional polymers and waxes.
Another object of the invent ion is to provide a process for preparing high solids content ink additive systems containing water and high molecular weight, linear, alkoxylated primary alcohols.
A further object of the invention is to prepare a water-based ink, containing an Ink additIve system which contains a high molecular weight, linear, alkoxylated primary alcohol.
Specific Embodiments of the Invention
It has been found that high molecular weight, linear, alkoxylated alcohols having an average chain length in the hydrocarbon portion of the alcohol of from about 24 to about 150 carbon atoms, preferably from about 40 to about 90 carbon atoms, especially about 50 carbon atoms, are superior dispersants for forming high solids level additive dispersions which are useful in water-based systems, particularly in water-based ink additive systems.
The dispersants used in formulating the water-based ink additive systems of the invention are represented by the formula:
wherein R and R1 individually represent hydrogen or the same or different lower alkyl groups of from about 3 to about 7 carbon atoms; R2 represents hydrogen or a methyl group; x represents a number of from about 10 to about 75, preferably from about 20 to about 50, and represents the average number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon portion of the chain; and n represents the number of oxyalkylene groups present in the molecule.
The dispersants are prepared by alkoxylation of alcohols represented by the formula:
vherein R, R1 and x are defined above. Alkoxylating agents include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and mixtures thereof. The starting materials can be readily alkoxylated with the described alkylene oxides using typical base catalysts such potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium hydride or sodium or potassium metals. The reaction is normally conducted under pressures of 0 to 60 psig and at temperatures of 100o to 1800C. Higher temperatures are normally avoided to prevent side reactions, i.e., rearrangement of the epoxide to form unsaturated alcohols.
By varying the molecular weight of the starting alcohol and the amount of alkoxylation, a variety of functional and non-functional hydrocarbons of varying molecular weights may be dispersed in water-based systems. Thus, the molecular weight of the starting alcohol may be chosen to afford a starting material having a number average molecular weight of from about 350 to about 2,000.
The alcohol starting materials are commercially available under the trade name UNILINR alcohols from Petrolite Corporation, Specialty Polymers Group.
Both functional and non-functional polymers having a molecular weight of up to about 50,000 may be dispersed in water-based systems by the dispersants of the present invention.
Functional polymers which may be dispersed in accordance with the present invention and using the dispersants described herein, include UNILIN alcohols, oxidized polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, maleic anhydride polymers, olefin/maleic anhydride adducts, natural waxes such as beeswax, carnauba and candelila waxes and derivatives of high molecular weight alcohols disclosed in U.S.
patent application Serial No. 159,143, filed February 23, 1988 of colon assignment.
Non-functional hydrocarbons which may be dispersed in water-based systems in accordance with the present invention, and using the dispersants described herein, include waxes, hydrocarbon polymers, microcrystalline waxes and the like.
The present Invention relates to two types of water-based ink additives systems. The flrst type of system Is termed an "unsupported" system and the second type is termed a "supported" system.
The unsupported system is composed of a aqueous dispersion of the dispersants described in the present invention. A stable, unsupported dispersion may be prepared by the following procedure: 1. Determine the final solids content of the dispersion which is desired.
The maximum solids content attainable will vary with the molecular weight
and the amount of alkoxylation of the described dispersants.
2. The amount of water needed is weighed into an agitated dispersion vessel
and the amount of dispersant needed Is added to a clean, dry container.
3. The dispersant Is heated to 15-200F. above its melting point and, at the
same time, the water is heated to 1900F.
4 Once both components are at the appropriate temperature, the dispersant
is slowly poured into the water.
5. when all of the dispersant has been added to the water, the heat source
is removed and stirring is continued for 2 to 3 minutes.
6. The dispersion Is slowly stirred, cooling at the rate of 2-4 F. per
minute. When the temperature reaches 1400F., the cooling rate may be
increased or held constant until the desired pour temperature is reached.
A stable dispersion results.
It should be noted that the conventional method of generating dispersions by addlng molten polymer to hot water and shock cooling will not in most instances produce stable dispersions of the dispersants of the present invention.
A supported system is a dispersion of a functional or non-functional polymer in water together with the dispersants of the present invention. The method of maKing the supported dispersion depends upon the melt point of the polymer being dispersed. Polymers with melting points above the boiling point of water will require the use of pressure equipment to make the dispersion. Lower melting point polymers can be dispersed under atmospheric conditions. Supported systems in accordance with the present invention may be prepared in accordance with the following procedure: 1. Heat water in a dispersion vessel with mechanical means of stirring or
mixing.
2. Heat the polymer and dispersant of the invention in a vessel that can be
used to pour heated materials into heated water.
3. The materials heated in Step 2 will need to be heated to +200F. above the
highest melting point of the materials used.
4. Remove the heated mixture from Step 2 and slowly pour the mixture into
the heated water with adequate stirring to thoroughly mix.
5. After the heated mixture has been added to the water, remove the heating
source from the vessel and quickly cool the sample with stirring to
achieve the smallest particle size dispersion. A stable, small particle
size dispersion results.
Powdered polymers may be added to the described water-based additive system in order to obtain proper slip and rub resistance characteristics in the formulated ink. The polymers which may be used include the functional and non-functional polymers and mixtures thereof described above, having a small, preferably icronized, particle size. Thus, the polymer additive should have a particle size of from less than 2 microns to about 20 microns. Preferably, the additives have an average particle size diameter of from about 5 to about 12 microns.
The selection of the proper dispersant as described will depend upon the polymers and additives to be dispersed in the water-based system. It has been found that the dispersants described in the present invention show superior dispersant properties as compared with other commercially available, but lover molecular weight, alcohols and allow achievement of higher solids level in the dispersion, i.e., dispersions may be obtained containing up to about 70S solids.
The amount of dispersant used may be from about 0.001S to about 50%, preferably from about 5% to about 35% based on the total weight of the dispersion.
The following examples illustrate specific embodiments of the invention, including the best means for practicing the invention, but it is understood that the examples are illustrations only and the inventIon is not to be limited thereby.
EXAMPLE I PreDaration of an Unsu;;orted Ink Additive Svstem Using the dispersion procedure described above, a 36% solids dispersion was made of 350 gms UNITHOXs 450 dispersant (a linear, ethoxylated primary alcohol having a molecular weight of 850 prepared by 50S ethoxylation of starting alcohol having a molecular weight of 425) in 715 gms water. The dispersion remains stable at room temperature after one year.
If desired, additives may be added to the system by slowly sifting the powdered additive into the system with stirring.
EXAMPLE II Pregaration of a Supported Ink Additive System
Using the dispersion procedure described above, a 50t solids dispersion was made of 450 gms of an ethylene/propylene copolymer of 700 molecular weight in 500 grams water using 50 gms of UNITHOX 750 dispersant (a linear ethoxylated primary alcohol having a molecular weight of 1,400 prepared by 50% ethoxylation of starting alcohol having a molecular weight of 700). The resulting dispersion Is a thick, stable paste.
As In the unsupported system, polymer additives may be included In the system by slow sifting of the powdered polymer into the dispersion under agitation.
In accordance with the invention, dispersions of polymers in water having up to about 70S solids content may be prepared using the dispersants of the present invention.
While the illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described here and above with particularity, it will be understood that various other modifications will be apparent and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (17)
1. A stable dispersion comprising water and a linear, high molecular weight, alkoxylated primary alcohol.
2. Dispersion of claim 1 which further contains a powdered polymer additive.
3. Dispersion of claim 1 which further contains a functional polymer.
4. Dispersion of claim 3 which further contains a powdered polymer additive.
5. Dispersion of claim 1 which further contains a nonfunctional polymer.
6. Dispersion of claim 5 which further contains a powdered polymer additive.
7. Dispersion of claim 1 which further contains a mixture of functional and nonfunctional polymers.
8. Dispersion of claim 7 which further contains a powdered polymer additive.
9. A printing ink containing the dispersion of claim 1.
10. A printing ink containing the dispersion of claim 2.
11. A printing ink containing the dispersion of claim 3.
12. A printing ink containing the dispersion of claim 4.
13. A printing ink containing the dispersion of claim 5.
14. A printing ink containing the dispersion of claim 6.
15. A printing ink containing the dispersion of claim 7.
16. A printing ink containing the dispersion of claim 8.
17. A dEE don substantially as described herein in Example I or II.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US23378888A | 1988-08-19 | 1988-08-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8825093D0 GB8825093D0 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
| GB2221916A true GB2221916A (en) | 1990-02-21 |
Family
ID=22878693
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8825093A Withdrawn GB2221916A (en) | 1988-08-19 | 1988-10-26 | Aqueous dispersions of alkoxylated alcohols and printing inks containing the dispersions |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0255777A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2221916A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1457534A1 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-09-15 | Kiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Ink for inkjet recording |
| US7234805B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2007-06-26 | Kiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Inkjet recording ink for sublimation transfer and method of dyeing |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB380431A (en) * | 1931-04-10 | 1932-09-12 | James Yate Johnson | Improvements in the manufacture and production of assistants in the textile and related industries and dispersing agents |
| GB857434A (en) * | 1957-10-29 | 1960-12-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Poly-ether type non-ionic compositions of matter |
| GB950844A (en) * | 1959-07-31 | 1964-02-26 | Boehme Fettchemie Gmbh | Alkylene oxide addition products |
| US3563910A (en) * | 1967-11-20 | 1971-02-16 | Ethyl Corp | Chemical emulsion compositions |
| GB1270987A (en) * | 1968-09-12 | 1972-04-19 | Basf Ag | New pigment dyes |
| GB1438011A (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1976-06-03 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Branched alkaols and ethoxylates thereof |
| GB1438012A (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1976-06-03 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Gamma ethylenic alcohols |
| GB2185746A (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1987-07-29 | Oreal | New polyglycerol ethers and their use in cosmetics and in pharmacy |
-
1988
- 1988-10-26 GB GB8825093A patent/GB2221916A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-02-10 JP JP1030065A patent/JPH0255777A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB380431A (en) * | 1931-04-10 | 1932-09-12 | James Yate Johnson | Improvements in the manufacture and production of assistants in the textile and related industries and dispersing agents |
| GB857434A (en) * | 1957-10-29 | 1960-12-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Poly-ether type non-ionic compositions of matter |
| GB950844A (en) * | 1959-07-31 | 1964-02-26 | Boehme Fettchemie Gmbh | Alkylene oxide addition products |
| US3563910A (en) * | 1967-11-20 | 1971-02-16 | Ethyl Corp | Chemical emulsion compositions |
| GB1270987A (en) * | 1968-09-12 | 1972-04-19 | Basf Ag | New pigment dyes |
| GB1438011A (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1976-06-03 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Branched alkaols and ethoxylates thereof |
| GB1438012A (en) * | 1972-06-07 | 1976-06-03 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Gamma ethylenic alcohols |
| GB2185746A (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1987-07-29 | Oreal | New polyglycerol ethers and their use in cosmetics and in pharmacy |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1457534A1 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-09-15 | Kiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Ink for inkjet recording |
| EP1457534A4 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2005-04-06 | Kiwa Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Ink for inkjet recording |
| US7641328B2 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2010-01-05 | Kiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Ink for ink jet recording |
| US7234805B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2007-06-26 | Kiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Inkjet recording ink for sublimation transfer and method of dyeing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0255777A (en) | 1990-02-26 |
| GB8825093D0 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |