GB2198744A - Gasification process - Google Patents
Gasification process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2198744A GB2198744A GB8704804A GB8704804A GB2198744A GB 2198744 A GB2198744 A GB 2198744A GB 8704804 A GB8704804 A GB 8704804A GB 8704804 A GB8704804 A GB 8704804A GB 2198744 A GB2198744 A GB 2198744A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- liquor
- flash evaporation
- gasification
- aqueous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Abstract
An aqueous effluent liquor 41 obtained by condensation from synthesis gas, e.g. produced by fixed bed gasification of coal with steam and oxygen at 1, is flash evaporated at 40 to produce a vapor product and a liquid residue, the pressure in the evaporator 40 being greater than that in the gasifier 1. The vapor product 46, comprising steam. is used as a gasifying agent in, for example, the fixed bed gasification zone 1. A first portion 46 of the liquid residue is subjected to incineration and a second portion 44 is recycled back to the flash evaporation stage. <IMAGE>
Description
Purification of Effluent Liquors
This invention relates to the purification of aqueous effluents and especially to the recovery of aqueous components used in gasification processes, such that they may be reused. More particularly, the invention relates to the recovery and reuse of such components in association with the production of environmentally acceptable by-products.
In, for example, the fixed bed gasification of solid carbonaceous feedstocks such as coal, wherein steam and an oxygen-containing gas eg.
air or oxygen per se, are employed as gasifying agents, the product gas may be treated to remove excess steam and inorganic and organic contaminants. This removal process is usually effected by quenching and cooling the synthesis gas thereby causing tars, oils and aqueous liquors to condense out. The condensate may then be further treated to separate the aqueous and non-aqueous components.
The non-aqueous components comprising tars and oils, being carbonaceous in nature, can be returned to the gasifier as a feedstock.
Likewise it has been proposed to return the aqueous component either in liquid or vapor form, to supplement the steam being supplied as a gasifying agent.
The present invention provides a process for the steam-oxygen gasification of carbonaceous materials to produce a synthesis gas which is treated to separate out condensible components including an aqueous liquor, which process comprises subjecting said aqueous liquor to flash evaporation at a pressure greater than that at which gasification is effected, to produce a vapor product containing mainly steam and a residual aqueous liquid product, thereafter recycling a portion of said liquid product to the flash evaporation stage, and subjecting a second portion of said'liquid product to incineration. The said vapor product is recycled for use in gasification. After mixing with oxygen and, possibly, additional steam, it is made to react with the carbonaceous feed material.
In the flash evaporation stage, the aqueous liquor, at elevated pressure eg. 40 bar, forms two fractions. The first fraction, a vapour fraction, contains steam and some of the more volatile organic components. The second fraction is a liquid residue containing water, dissolved inorganic compounds, such as chlorides, and the remaining organic species. A further fraction of water, as steam, may be recovered from the liquid residue by recycling a portion of it back to the flash evaporator vessel where it is evaporated in the presence of further amounts of the aqueous liquor. Another portion or side stream of the liquid residue-may be incinerated to produce solid-and gaseous final products.
Within the evaporator loop is provided a recycle pump to bring the pressure of the recycled residue back up to the elevated pressure required for the flash evaporation. It may be convenient to place the recycle pump upstream of the incinerator side stream so that residue is pumped to the incinerator under pressure for flash evaporation within the incinerator.
With liquors derived from the gasification of coal, as the carbonaceous material, it may be preferred to pretreat the aqueous liquor prior to flash evaporation. Thus the liquor may be subjected to steam stripping to remove volatile compounds such as hydrogen sulphide and ammonia, which can be separately processed to give environmentally acceptable products.
The present invention offers the advantage that only a small part of the condensed water from the gasification stage leaves the process.
The remainder is recycled in such a way as to reduce the energy and water demands of the process. Thus the quantity of steam or water, which must be rendered fit for discharge to the environment, is greatly reduced. The present invention has two advantages over processes in which. the recycle of water to the gasifier is made in the liquid phase.
Firstly liquid phase recycles result in greatly increased concentrations of involatile solutes, of which the most troublesome is chloride. This is avoided by the vapour phase recycle of the present invention. Secondly, the recycling e of liquids may adversely affect gasifier operation in the main process of coal gasification.
There is likely to be a limit on the amount of water which may be recycled; whereas recycle of steam should be unlimited.
A further advantage of the invention is that it renders more economic the use of an incineration process for the aqueous liquor waste.
Incineration processes for aqueous wastes require costly support fuel.
The present invention drastically reduces the fuel demand and in certain cases the organic content of the waste for incineration should be sufficient to allow combustion without support fuel. This saving is achieved at a small extra cost, which results from the downgrading of a high pressure steam supply to the pressure and temperature of the vapour recycled to the gasifier. The combination of the invention with an incinerator also has the advantage of reducing to zero the liquid effluent discharged by the process to the environment.
EXAMPLE
The invention will be further described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a schematic representation of a process train employing embodiments of the invention.
As shown in the drawing, the effluent purification process can be applied to the gasification of coal.
Coal 11, steam 12 and oxygen 13 are reacted in a gasifier 1, for example, an ash-slagging gasifer, as described in "The Chemistry of
Coal Utilization (2nd Supplementary Volume), 1981, John Wiley & Son
Inc. The steam supply is supplemented by steam 46 obtained from the flash evaporation device 40. Heat for the flash evaporation is provided, for example, by steam supply 49.
Hot product gas 14 is subjected to quenching (in quench 2) and cooling (in gas coolers 3) to produce a gaseous product 21 and a liquid condensate 22. The gaseous product 21 is suitable for use as a synthesis gas, fuel gas or for upgrading to substitute natural gas.
The liquid condensate 22 is passed to a process unit, 5, for separation of the non-aqueous portion, 23, which consists of tarry and oily materials. The non-aqueous portion 23 may be recycled to the gasifiers, incinerated or sold. While part of the aqueous condensate may be recycled as stream 24 to the quench, there must remain an aqueous condensate stream 41, requiring treatment as a waste.
This aqueous liquor 41 which may optionally be first subjected to steam stripping, is fed to the flash evaporator vessel (operating at for example 40 bar) 40 via pump 42. Within pump 42 the liquor pressure is raised to, for example, about 100 bar. The liquor is flash evaporated to give a vapor portion 46 which is used as a gasifying agent, and a residual liquor 47. The residual liquor stream 47 is divided into a recycle stream 44 and an incinerator side stream 45. As shown in the drawing all of the residual liquor, even that not required for recycle, passes through the recycle pump 43. Prior to re-injection into the flash evaporator, the recycle liquor 44 must be reheated in heater 48.
In an alternative embodiment, the aqueous liquor 41 may be subjected to steam stripping to remove volatile sulphur compounds prior to flash evaporation. The off-gases comprising hydrogen sulphide and ammonia may be further treated in, for example, a Claus Plant to recover elemental sulphur. For this purpose it will be economical to conbine the off gases with other waste gases produced elsewhere on the site, for treatment in a common Claus plant.
A portion 45 of the residual liquor 47 is the only waste remaining for disposal. Thus when the liquor 44 in the recirculation loop contains dissolved solids of a predetermined concentration, a portion 45 is drawn off for disposal, by incineration or otherwise. This waste stream 45 is very small in comparison with the original waste stream 41.
A typical application of the invention is in combination with an ash-slagging gasifier operated at a pressure of 32 bar. The flash evaporation of the liquor should yield vapour at a pressure of 38 bar.
For the gasification of a British coal containing, on a dry ash free basis, 0.5% chlorine, the following stream compositions will result.
The stream numbers are those shown in the drawing.
41 45 46
Stream Liquor Liquid Residue Flash Vapour
Temperature OC 70 240 250
Pressure Bar 1 100 38
Flowrate kg/ 39000 4875 34125
Composition, weight %
NH3, free 0.40 0 0.46
NH3, combined 1.30 10.40 0 HC1, combined 2.57 20.57 0
Phenols 0.66 4.84 0.06
H20 94.48 63.21 98.95
H2S 0.45 0 0.52
Other components 0.14 0.98 0.01
These results relate to the gasification of 195000 kg/h of coal (on dry ash-free basis).
Claims (5)
1. A process for the steam-oxygen gasification of carbonaceous materials to produce a synthesis gas and wherein said synthesis gas is treated to separate out condensible components including an aqueous liquor, characterised in that said liquor is subjected to flash evaporation at a pressure greater than that at which gasification is effected, to produce a vapor product comprising steam and a residual liquid product and in that a first portion of said liquid product is recycled to the flash evaporation stage and a second portion is subjected to incineration, and in that the said vapour product is used as a reactant in gasification.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said flash evaporation is effected at pressures in the range 10-110 bar.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flash evaporation is effected at temperatures in the range 160 - 320"C.
4. A process as claimed in any one of the preceeding claims wherein said liquor is subjected to stripping (by steam or otherwise) prior to flash evaporation.
5. A process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials according to claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore-described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP87310853A EP0273616A3 (en) | 1986-12-16 | 1987-12-10 | Purification of effluent liquors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8630047A GB8630047D0 (en) | 1986-12-16 | 1986-12-16 | Purification of effluent liquors |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8704804D0 GB8704804D0 (en) | 1987-04-08 |
GB2198744A true GB2198744A (en) | 1988-06-22 |
Family
ID=10609092
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8630047A Pending GB8630047D0 (en) | 1986-12-16 | 1986-12-16 | Purification of effluent liquors |
GB8704804A Pending GB2198744A (en) | 1986-12-16 | 1987-03-02 | Gasification process |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8630047A Pending GB8630047D0 (en) | 1986-12-16 | 1986-12-16 | Purification of effluent liquors |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS63191893A (en) |
GB (2) | GB8630047D0 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0356554A1 (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1990-03-07 | MAN Gutehoffnungshütte Aktiengesellschaft | Process for gasifying coal and treating the gas produced |
EP1493799A1 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-05 | von Görtz & Finger Technische Entwicklungs Ges.m.b.H. | Flash water vapour gasification of biomass |
CN102336496A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-02-01 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Method for treating and recycling ash water in dry coal dust gasification device |
WO2012071005A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Yang Weihong | A method of producing bio oil using ultra high temperature steam pyrolysis of carbonaceous solids |
WO2012149988A1 (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-11-08 | Lurgi Gmbh | Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon |
DE102012013139A1 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the gasification of solids |
DE102013104828A1 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | Krones Ag | Apparatus and method for treating condensate from gasification plants |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4517318B2 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2010-08-04 | ユー・エム・シー・ジャパン株式会社 | Waste liquid treatment method |
JP2008025876A (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-02-07 | Babcock & Wilcox Volund Aps | Combustion treatment method for waste liquid |
JP5392988B2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2014-01-22 | メタウォーター株式会社 | Biomass gasification method and biomass gasification apparatus |
US7955403B2 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2011-06-07 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Systems and methods for producing substitute natural gas |
CN109485190A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2019-03-19 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | The processing method and gasification of coal and its system in the Heisui River that coal gasification generates |
CN115721951A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-03-03 | 新疆心连心能源化工有限公司 | Gasification tail gas treatment device and using method thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4175929A (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1979-11-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for control of pollutants generated during coal gasification |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2861727D1 (en) * | 1978-04-28 | 1982-05-19 | Texaco Development Corp | Process for producing synthesis gas with wash water purification and novel flash column for use in said process |
DE2853989C2 (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1980-07-31 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the treatment of water-containing condensate from the cooling of the raw gas of the pressurized gasification |
DE3515484A1 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-10-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR TREATING CONDENSATE FROM THE PRODUCT GAS OF GASIFYING SOLID FUELS |
-
1986
- 1986-12-16 GB GB8630047A patent/GB8630047D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-03-02 GB GB8704804A patent/GB2198744A/en active Pending
- 1987-12-16 JP JP31844887A patent/JPS63191893A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4175929A (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1979-11-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for control of pollutants generated during coal gasification |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0356554A1 (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1990-03-07 | MAN Gutehoffnungshütte Aktiengesellschaft | Process for gasifying coal and treating the gas produced |
EP1493799A1 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-05 | von Görtz & Finger Technische Entwicklungs Ges.m.b.H. | Flash water vapour gasification of biomass |
WO2012071005A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Yang Weihong | A method of producing bio oil using ultra high temperature steam pyrolysis of carbonaceous solids |
CN103502399B (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2015-08-26 | 鲁奇有限责任公司 | For the method for gasify solid carbonaceous raw material |
WO2012149988A1 (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-11-08 | Lurgi Gmbh | Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon |
CN103502399A (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2014-01-08 | 鲁奇有限责任公司 | Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon |
KR101612171B1 (en) | 2011-05-02 | 2016-04-12 | 러기 게엠베하 | Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon |
AU2012250295B2 (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2017-04-13 | Lurgi Gmbh | Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon |
CN102336496A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-02-01 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Method for treating and recycling ash water in dry coal dust gasification device |
DE102012013139A1 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the gasification of solids |
WO2014005738A1 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the gasification of solids |
EA029238B1 (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2018-02-28 | Л'Эр Ликид Сосьете Аноним Пур Л'Этюд Э Л'Эксплутасьон Де Просед Жорж Клод | Process and apparatus for the gasification of solids |
DE102012013139B4 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2022-05-05 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and device for the gasification of solids |
DE102013104828A1 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | Krones Ag | Apparatus and method for treating condensate from gasification plants |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8704804D0 (en) | 1987-04-08 |
JPS63191893A (en) | 1988-08-09 |
GB8630047D0 (en) | 1987-01-28 |
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