GB2156257A - Bonding of alumina - Google Patents

Bonding of alumina Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2156257A
GB2156257A GB08430365A GB8430365A GB2156257A GB 2156257 A GB2156257 A GB 2156257A GB 08430365 A GB08430365 A GB 08430365A GB 8430365 A GB8430365 A GB 8430365A GB 2156257 A GB2156257 A GB 2156257A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
aluminium
alumina
bonded
interlayer
bonding
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Application number
GB08430365A
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GB8430365D0 (en
Inventor
Dr Michael George Nicholas
Dr Richard Stuart Nelson
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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Publication of GB8430365D0 publication Critical patent/GB8430365D0/en
Publication of GB2156257A publication Critical patent/GB2156257A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
    • C04B37/005—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of glass or ceramic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
    • C04B37/006—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/025—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of glass or ceramic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
    • C04B2237/06—Oxidic interlayers
    • C04B2237/064—Oxidic interlayers based on alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/121—Metallic interlayers based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/126—Metallic interlayers wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40—Metallic
    • C04B2237/402—Aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40—Metallic
    • C04B2237/405—Iron metal group, e.g. Co or Ni
    • C04B2237/406—Iron, e.g. steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/52—Pre-treatment of the joining surfaces, e.g. cleaning, machining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/54—Oxidising the surface before joining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
    • C04B2237/765—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc at least one member being a tube

Abstract

An alumina surface 2, 3 is bonded to a surface of a second material 1 by interposing a metallic (e.g. aluminium) interlayer 4, 5 between said surfaces followed by hot pressing. In order to produce a strong, leak tight bond, the second material is in the form of an aluminium containing material, such as an aluminium bearing ferritic steel, that has been pre-oxidised to provide a substantially alumina layer on the surface to be bonded. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Bonding of Alumina This invention relates to a method of bonding an alumina surface to a surface of a second material by interposing a metallic interlayer between said surfaces followed by hot pressing.
It is known to bond alumina to stainless steel by, for example, interposing an aluminium interlayer between the surfaces to be bonded followed by vacuum hot pressing. This method may give a strong bond, though strength values can, in practice, be degraded by growth and fracture of Fe-AI intermetallic layers during or after fabrication of the bond. Vacuum tightness of the bond is, however, a much more demanding requirement and is not readily achieved by the above method.
The invention is concerned with overcoming the above problems by use of a specific class of material for bonding which material is subjected to pretreatment before bonding.
The invention provides a method of bonding an alumina surface to a surface of a second material by interposing a metallic, preferably aluminium, interlayer between said surfaces followed by hot pressing, characterised in that the second material is an aluminium containing material that has been pre-oxidised to provide a substantially alumina layer on the surface to be bonded.
The method of the invention has been found to give rise to bonds that are not only strong but also leak tight as evidenced by the results given in the examples herein. Bonds produced by the method may, for example, have applications in electrical and vacuum devices where the properties of the bond are required.
Preferably, the second material is an aluminium bearing ferritic steel and examples of such steels suitable for use in the present invention are steels having the following composition by weight: 10 to 30% Cr, 1 to 10% Al, 0 to 0.5% C and the balance Fe.
Examples of such steels may be available in the UK under the UK Registered Trade Mark "Fecralloy", where the steel composition includes a small proportion of Y. Preferred aluminium bearing ferritic steels have the composition by weight of up to 20% Cr, 1 to 10% Al, 0.1 to 3.0% Y and the balance Fe, and particularly preferred steels have the composition by weight of 15.50 to 16.50% Cr, 4.6 to 5.6% Al, 0.3 to 1.0% Y and the balance Fe.
The abovementioned steels may include additions of Co and/or Ni, for example containing up to 3% (or even up to 5%) by weight of each element.
An example of such a steel is that sold under the UK Registered Trade Mark Kanthal DSD, for example having the approximate composition by weight of 22.5% Cr, 4.5% Al, 2.0% Co, 0.1% C and the balance Fe.
Aluminium bearing ferritic steels have the property of forming a thin tenacious alumina surface layer when oxidised, for example by heating in air. It is possible that the alumina surface layer acts as a barrier to interdiffusion of the steel and the interlayer inhibiting intermetallic formation and giving rise to the advantages of the invention. It is expected that the same effect will be advantageous in the bonding of alumina to other aluminium containing materials such as copper-aluminium bronzes, which also form embrittling intermetallic layers with aluminium interlayers. It is also possible that the provision of a substantially alumina layer in accordance with the invention will be generally useful and advantageous wherever second materials and interlayers that exhibit degrading intermetallic formation or interdiffusion processes are involved.
The hot pressing may conveniently be carried out by methods known in the art. The effect of varying conditions of hot pressing most appropriate in particular circumstances may readily be determined experimentally.
It is possible that the properties of the bond produced such as intermetallic growth may be affected by post-fabrication heat treatment. This has still to be investigated.
In another aspect, the invention provides a body comprising alumina bonded to a second material and having an interposed metallic, preferably aluminium, interlayer, characterised in that the second material is an aluminium containing material bonded to the interlayer by means of a substantially alumina surface coating on the aluminium containing material generated by oxidation thereof.
One way of carrying out the invention is described below by way of example only and designated as Example 1. Also included below are comparative examples, i.e. not examples of the invention. These are designated as Examples A and B. Reference will be made below to the accompanying drawing, the sole figure of which is a side view in median section showing components assembled for bonding according to the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 Three cylindrical samples (6 mm internal diameter, 16 mm external diameter, 10 mm high) of Fecralloy steel of composition by weight 78.86% Fe, 15.6% Cr, 4.99% Al, 0.32% Y and 0.23% Si were oxidised by heating in air for 1 hour at 1000"C. This produced a substantially alumina surface coating on the samples.
Alumina test pieces, formed from 97.5% pure alumina according to ASTM F1 64 were fired in air at 1000"C. Aluminium foil test pieces (0.5 mm thickness) were abraded with Al2O3 loaded cloth and then ultrasonically degreased in acetone.
Referring to the figure, the Fecralloy steel sample 1, the alumina test pieces (2 and 3) and the aluminium foil test pieces (4 and 5) were assembled as shown therein. Care was taken not to touch the surfaces to be bonded whilst assembly was being carried out.
The above assembly was placed in a chamber.
This was evacuated to a pressure of 3x 10-5 mbar and a pressure of 50 MPa applied to the assembly at a temperature of 600"C for 30 minutes. The pressure was applied by means of two anvils positioned above and below the assembly respectively.
The assembly was bonded by the above hot pressing treatment and the bonds produced found to be leak tight. Thus, the rate determined by a Veeco tester was less than 3x10-'0 torr litre sec-'.
The mean tensile fracture strength of the bonds was found to be 35 MPa in tests conducted using an Instron 1195 machine operated at an extension rate of 1 mm min-', and the mean intermetallic layer thickness in the bonds was found to be < 1 pm.
EXAMPLE A The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the Fecralloy steel samples were used unoxidised.
In each case, the resulting bond was not leak tight; the mean joint strength was 19 MPa and the mean intermetallic layer thickness 35 pm.
EXAMPLE B The procedure of Example A was repeated with the exception that austenitic stainless steel (BS 321) samples were used.
In each case, the resulting bond was not leak tight, the mean joint strength was 20--25 MPa and the mean intermetallic layer thickness 12-15 pm.

Claims (5)

1. A method of bonding an alumina surface to a surface of a second material by interposing a metallic interlayer between said surfaces followed by hot pressing, the second material being an aluminium containing material that has been preoxidised to provide a substantially alumina layer on the surface to be bonded.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the metallic interlayer is an aluminium interlayer.
3. A method as claimed in either of the preceding claims wherein the second material is an aluminium bearing ferritic steel.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 substantially as described herein with reference to Example 1.
5. A body comprising alumina bonded to a second material and having an interposed metallic interlayer, the second material being an aluminium containing material bonded to the interlayer by means of a substantially alumina surface coating on the aluminium containing material generated by oxidation thereof.
GB08430365A 1983-12-07 1984-11-30 Bonding of alumina Withdrawn GB2156257A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB838332639A GB8332639D0 (en) 1983-12-07 1983-12-07 Steel:ceramic seals

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GB8430365D0 GB8430365D0 (en) 1985-01-09
GB2156257A true GB2156257A (en) 1985-10-09

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GB08430365A Withdrawn GB2156257A (en) 1983-12-07 1984-11-30 Bonding of alumina

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2179819A (en) * 1985-08-30 1987-03-11 Quantel Ltd Improvements in video signals processing systems
WO2003059843A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-07-24 Battelle Memorial Institute Method of joining ceramic and metal parts
EP1829112A2 (en) * 2004-11-30 2007-09-05 The Regents of the University of California Joining of dissimilar materials
KR100874578B1 (en) 2002-01-11 2008-12-16 바텔리 메모리얼 인스티튜트 How to join the ceramic and metal parts
US8283077B1 (en) 1999-07-31 2012-10-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Structures and fabrication techniques for solid state electrochemical devices
US8343686B2 (en) 2006-07-28 2013-01-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Joined concentric tubes
US8445159B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2013-05-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Sealed joint structure for electrochemical device
US8486580B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2013-07-16 The Regents Of The University Of California Integrated seal for high-temperature electrochemical device

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2179819A (en) * 1985-08-30 1987-03-11 Quantel Ltd Improvements in video signals processing systems
US8283077B1 (en) 1999-07-31 2012-10-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Structures and fabrication techniques for solid state electrochemical devices
WO2003059843A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-07-24 Battelle Memorial Institute Method of joining ceramic and metal parts
US7055733B2 (en) 2002-01-11 2006-06-06 Battelle Memorial Institute Oxidation ceramic to metal braze seals for applications in high temperature electrochemical devices and method of making
KR100874578B1 (en) 2002-01-11 2008-12-16 바텔리 메모리얼 인스티튜트 How to join the ceramic and metal parts
EP1829112A2 (en) * 2004-11-30 2007-09-05 The Regents of the University of California Joining of dissimilar materials
EP1829112A4 (en) * 2004-11-30 2009-11-18 Univ California Joining of dissimilar materials
US8287673B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2012-10-16 The Regents Of The University Of California Joining of dissimilar materials
US8445159B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2013-05-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Sealed joint structure for electrochemical device
US8343686B2 (en) 2006-07-28 2013-01-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Joined concentric tubes
US8486580B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2013-07-16 The Regents Of The University Of California Integrated seal for high-temperature electrochemical device

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Publication number Publication date
GB8430365D0 (en) 1985-01-09
GB8332639D0 (en) 1984-01-11

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