GB2128598A - Stabilisation of red phosphorus - Google Patents
Stabilisation of red phosphorus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2128598A GB2128598A GB08317656A GB8317656A GB2128598A GB 2128598 A GB2128598 A GB 2128598A GB 08317656 A GB08317656 A GB 08317656A GB 8317656 A GB8317656 A GB 8317656A GB 2128598 A GB2128598 A GB 2128598A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- red phosphorus
- particles
- phosphorus particles
- slurry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/003—Phosphorus
- C01B25/006—Stabilisation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Particulate red amorphous phosphorus is stabilized against oxidative degradation to phosphorus acids and phosphine by the use of titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Stabilization of red phosphorus
The present invention relates to red phosphorus which is stabilized against oxidation.
It is known that red phosphorus upon storage in a moist atmosphere, undergoes a chemical reaction with the resultant-formation of various acids of phosphorus, mainly phosphorous acid and phosphoric acid, and phosphine. The formation of the highly toxic phosphine gives rise to hazardous working conditions and the formation of the phosphorous and phosphoric acids is undesirable in end uses of red phosphorus. Aluminum in the form of its hydroxide has been wideiy used to stabilize red phosphorus against such oxidation. However, relatively large amounts of aluminum are required to achieve a significant degree of stabilization.
An additional problem which arises with the prior art aluminum treatment is that the product is difficult to process. A layer of alumina is precipitated onto the red phosphorus particles in an aqueous dispersion thereof and then the treated red phosphorus is filtered and dried. Efficient filtration of the treated red phosphorus is difficult to achieve as a result of gelation of the aluminum hydroxide and large quantities of water are retained by the aluminum hydroxide.
Recently, it has been suggested in U.S. Patent no. 4,115,522 to effect stabilization using orthophosphoric acid salts of aluminum, magnesium, calcium or zinc. The aluminum salt is the most effective and, again, relatively large quantities are required.
More recently, U.S. Patent no. 4,210,630 suggests that improved stabilization can be achieved by using lead hydroxide in combination with aluminum hydroxide. A further suggestion, set forth in
Canadian Patent no. 1,097,152, is to superficially cover each red phosphorus particle with a thin film of a hardened melamine-formaldehyde resin.
It has now surprisingly been found that titanium dioxide and titanium phosphate are particularly effective stabilizers of red phosphorus and may be used in lesser quantities than are required for aluminum hydroxide treatment. In addition, when the titanium dioxide and titanium phosphate treatment is effected by precipitation from aqueous medium, the treated red phosphorus is readily and rapidly filtered, in contrast to treatment with aluminum hydroxide.
In contrast to aluminum hydroxide-treated red phosphorus, the titania-treated red phosphorus of this invention may be heated at elevated temperatures up to 3000C without the evolution of water, rendering the product suited to addition to plastics which are processed at high temperatures.
The red phosphorus, which is treated by titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate in accordance with this invention, is in particulate form with a size of at most 2 mm and preferably about 0.01 to 0.15 mm. The red phosphorus particles are formed into a homogeneous blend with titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate. The amount of titanium compound may vary from about 0.05 to about 2.0 wt %, expressed at Ti.
The treatment of the red phosphorus by titanium dioxide may be effected in the aqueous phase to cause precipitation of hydrated titanium dioxide on the red phosphorus, followed by drying and dehydration. In this procedure, the red phosphorus particles may be suspended in water and the resulting slurry heated to about 600 to 950C, preferably about 800 to 900 C. The heated slurry is gradually mixed with the required amount of a water soluble titanium salt, for example, titanium sulphate or titanium tetrachloride, to achieve the desired treatment level at a slightly acid pH. The pH of the slurry then is adjusted to a value in the range of about 2 to about 6 to effect precipitation of hydrated titanium dioxide on the red phosphorus particles.The mixture is filtered and the treated red phosphorus dried and dehydrated at a temperture of about 1000 to about 1 300C in a vacuum oven.
The treatment of the red phosphorus particles by titanium phosphate may be effected in the aqueous phase in analogous manner to the aqueous phase treatment by titanium dioxide described above, except that orthophosphoric acid or a water-soluble salt of orthophosphoric acid, for example, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and titanium sulphate are added to the slurry, rather than titanium sulphate or titanium tetrachloride alone.
An alternative procedure for treatment of the red phosphorus by titanium dioxide is by vapor phase formation of the titanium dioxide. Such a procedure is beneficial when the source of the titanium is a readily-hydrolyzable organic titanate, for example, those sold by Du Pont under the trademarks Tyzor
TPT (tetra-isopropyl titanate) and Tyzor TBT (tetra butyl titanate). In this process, the liquid titanate may be metered through an atomizing nozzle into a stream of hot dry air at a temperature of about 1 500C to about 1 800C, which then is brought into contact with the red phosphorus particles. Alternatively, a preheated stream of nitrogen or other convenient gas may be passed through the titanate liquid and the resultant stream brought into contact with the red phosphorus.Contact between the vapors of organic titanate conveyed by the gas stream and the red phosphorus particles causes adsorption of the organic titanate on the red phosphorus particles.
Similarly, some inorganic titanium compounds that hydrolyze easily, for example, titanium tetrachloride, may be used for vapor treatment. Red phosphorus may be mixed with titanium tetrachloride in a closed vessel at ambient temperature to cause adsorption of the titanium tetrachloride on the red phosphorus particles.
The red phosphorus particles bearing the titanium compound are next exposed to moisture to hydrolyze the titanate to form a coating of titanium dioxide on the surface of the red phosphorus particles. Hydrolysis by-products are removed by heating under vacuum to avoid odor development on storage.
The treatment of the red phosphorus particles with titanium tetrachloride, or other readilyhydrolyzable titanium compound, for example, hydrolyzable organic titanates, may be used to remove residual moisture from the red phosphorus. In this procedure, the titanium tetrachloride is mixed with red phosphorus particles in a closed vessel at ambient temperature for about 1 to 2 hours. Reaction occurs between moisture in the red phosphorus particles and the titanium tetrachloride forming titanium dioxide.
The quantity of titanium tetrachloride used depends on the moisture content of the red phosphorus particles. Any residual titanium tetrachloride may be purged, along with by-product HCI, with dry air or dry nitrogen. Removal of moisture from the red phosphorus in this way not only stabilizes the red phosphorus but enables drying of the red phosphorus to be effected without extensive high temperature heating operations.
Red phosphorus which is treated with titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate in accordance with the present invention is significantly more stable than that treated with aluminum phosphate, aluminum
hydroxide or a combination of aluminum and lead hydroxides at the same level of application of Ti and
Al. Titanium dioxide is slightly better than titanium phosphate in stabilizing the red amorphous
phosphorus.
Although it is known to enhance the stability achieved with aluminum hydroxide by using a
combination with lead hydroxide (see U.S. Patent no. 4,210,630 referred to above), it has been found that the combination of titanium dioxide with aluminum or lead oxides does not exhibit any greater stability than titanium dioxide alone. It is preferred, therefore, in this invention to use titanium dioxide
alone or titanium phosphate alone.
Red phosphorus which has been treated in accordance with this invention requires much less time to filter and exhibits a much lower water retention than aluminum hydroxide-treated red phosphorus,
resulting in a significant decrease in the processing time required in this invention, as compared with the prior art.
The improved stability which is achieved in accordance with this invention results in a significant decrease in acid formation and the generation of phosphine upon storage of the treated red phosphorus.
The invention is illustrated further by the following Examples Reference is made in the Examples to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the effect of titanium dioxide and aluminum hydroxide on the oxidation stability of red phosphorus;
Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the effect of titanium and aluminum compounds on the oxidation stability of red phosphorus;
Figure 3 is a graphical representation of the effect of titanium dioxide in combination with hydroxides of other metals on the oxidation stability of red phosphorus; and
Figure 4 is a graphical representation of the effect of pH of precipitation of titanium dioxide on the oxidation stability of red phosphorus.
EXAMPLE 1
Red amorphous phosphorus of particle size typically 0.15 to 0.01 mm was suspended in water to a concentration of about 25% by weight of red amorphous phosphorus and the resulting slurry heated to about 800 to 900C. Varying quantities of titanium sulphate, corresponding to 2000, 3000 and 5000 ppm of Ti, were added to samples of the slurry and the pH of the slurry adjusted to a value of 3 to cause the precipitation of hydrated titanium dioxide thereon. The suspension was stirred for a further 1 hour, the mixture filtered and the filter residue dried at about 1 000C for about 1 6 hours in a vacuum oven.
The samples of treated red phosphorus were tested for stability to oxidation and the results compared with those for untreated red phosphorus and red phosphorus treated with aluminum hydroxide. The aluminum hydroxide treatment was effected using alum at pH 9 to precipitate aluminium hydroxide on the red phosphorus in an amount corresponding to 2000 ppm of Al.
The stability to oxidation of the red phosphorus was tested by storing samples at 700C under
100% relative humidity and measuring the acidity, expressed as H3PO4, by pH titration. The results obtained are set forth in the graph of Figure 1.
As may be seen from Figure 1, red amorphous phosphorus treated with titanium dioxide is extremeiy stable at amount of Ti of 3000 ppm and higher. Treatment with titanium dioxide at the same concentration level (2000 ppm) produces a greater stability when compared with aluminated red phosphorus.
It was also observed that the amount of PH3 evolved from the red phosphorus was also significantly decreased by treatment with titanium dioxide.
EXAMPLE 2
Red phosphorus of typical particle size from 0.15 to 0.01 mm, after boiling with caustic soda to remove unreacted yellow phosphorus, was treated with Ti and Al compounds using the procedures described in Example 1. Titanium phosphate treatment was achieved by adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate to slurry along with the titanium sulphate and adjusting the pH to about 3.
The treated samples were tested for acidity development under the conditions recited in Example 1 and the results are reproduced in the graph of Figure 2. As may be seen from Figure 2, red amorphous phosphorus treated with titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate is significantly more stable than that treated with aluminium phosphate or a combination of aluminium and lead hydroxides, under the same levels of Ti and Al treatment (3000 ppm). In the case of aluminium phosphate treatment, the red amorphous phosphorus was significantly less stable when treated at pH 7 as compared to treatment at pH 3.2.
The treated samples were also tested for phosphine evolution and compared with untreated samples. One gram portions were stored in vials (69 cu. cm) with a septum to provide for instant access by syringe. After repeated stirring and leaving to stand at room temperature, the phosphine concentration (expressed as ppm by weight of RAP) was determined by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. The results obtained are reproduced in the following Table I.
TAIBLE I Sample Exposure PH3 concn.
No. Sample Treatment (days) (ppm)
1 + 3000 ppm Al as AIPO4 at pH 7 6 2.12
2 as 1, except treated at pH 3.2 6 0.27
3 RAP + 3000 ppm Ti as TiO2 6 0.33
4 RAP + 3000 ppm Ti as Ti phosphate 6 0.38
5 RAP + 3000 ppm Al asAl(OH)3 + 8500 ppm Pb as Pb(OH)2 6 0.12
6 Untreated RAP 6 2.23
7 Commercial RAP 10 8.06 *RAP is red amorphous phosphorus
As may be seen from the results set forth in Table I, phosphine evolution was greatly decreased by treatment of the red amorphous phosphorus both Al and Ti compounds.
EXAMPLE 3
Samples of red amorphous phosphorus of typical particle size of 0.15 to 0.01 mm were treated with a combination of titanium dioxide and other metallic compounds using the procedure of Example 1, with appropriate salts being used to effect precipitation of the other metals in hydroxide form.
The treated samples were tested for acidity development under the conditions recited in Example 1 in comparison with untreated samples and the results are reproduced in the graph of Figure 3. As may be seen from the results of Figure 3 in comparison with those of Figures 1 and 2, treatment of the red amorphous phosphorus with a combination of TiO2 and lead or aluminum hydroxides does not show better stability than treatment with TiO2 alone. In the case of copper hydroxide, a very high acid development was observed, even higher than the red pshosphorus itseif.
The treated samples were also tested for phosphine production, following the procedure recited in
Example 2, in comparison with untreated samples, and the results are reproduced in the following Table ll:
TABLE II
Sample Exposure PH3 Concn.
no. Sample Treatment (days) (ppm)
1 3000 ppm Ti as TiO2 + 4000 ppm Pb as Pb(OH)2 6 1.84
at pH 9
2 3000 ppm Ti as TiO2 + 8000 ppm Pb as (Pb(OH) 6 0.32
at pH 9
3 3000 ppm Ti as TiO2 + 2000 ppm Cu as Cu(OH)2 6 0.015
at pH 9
4 3000 ppm Ti as TiO2 + 2000 ppm Al as Al(OH)3 6 2.21
at pH 9
5 3000 ppm Ti as TiO2 6 0.33
6 Untreated RAP 6 2.23
The results of the above Table II show that there is no improvement in achieving a decrease in phosphine production when lead is present, and in fact phosphine formation is higher than for TiO2 alone. Treatment with a combination of TiO2 and Cu(OH)2 produced a significant decrease in phosphine production, but, as noted above, leads to a substantial increase in acid formation.
EXAMPLE 4
The filtration properties of untreated red amorphous phosphorus, red phosphorus treated with
Al(OH)3 and red phosphorus treated with TiO2 were compared. In each case, a slurry of particles was stirred for one hour at 80" to 850C, cooled to 600C and filtered on a laboratory vacuum filter. The time needed for filtration and the water content of the filter cake were determined.The results are
reproduced in the following Table Ill:
TABLE Ill
Sample Filtration Water Retention
no Sample Treatment Time (secs) wt% of cake
1 3000 ppm Al as Al(OH3) at pH 9 280 24.7
2 3000 ppm Ti as TiO2 at pH 3 149 18.6
3 3000 ppm Ti as TiO2 at pH 4 143 19.3
4 Untreated RAP 126 13.7
As may be seen from the results of Table III, the untreated red amorphous phosphorus had the best filtration properties but RAP treated with TiO2 at pH 3 or 4 required considerably less time for filtration and retains a lesser amount of water than Al(OH3) treated RAP.
EXAMPLE 5
Samples of red amorphous phosphorus of typical particle size of 0.15 to 0.01 mm of moisture content of about 0.20% were carefully mixed with titanium tetrachloride in a closed vial at room temperature for 2 hours. The titanium tetrachloride was hydrolyzed by moisture in the red phosphorus to form titanium dioxide thereon. Excess titanium tetrachloride and by-product HCI were removed by
purging with a dry air stream. The treated samples were tested for acidity development under the
conditions recited in Example 1 and, at an applied level of Ti of 2400 ppm and 3100 ppm, acidity development was found to be comparable to that for samples treated with 3000 ppm Ti by the solution
procedure of Example 1.
The moisture content of the treated red phosphorus particles was also determined and the results
are set forth in the following Table IV:
TABLE IV
Sample No. Sample Treatment Moisture Content (wt %) 1 3100 ppm Ti 0.08
2 2550 ppm Ti 0.05
3 2400 ppm Ti 0.05
The low residual moisture content ofthese samplers is comparable to the moisture level of RAP samples
dried in a vacuum oven at 1000C for three days.
EXAMPLE 6
The effect of the pH of TiO2 precipitation following the procedure of Example 1 on the stability of treated red amorphous phosphorus was tested. The oxidation stability results obtained in accordance with the test procedure described in Example 1, are reproduced graphically as Figure 4.
As seen in Figure 4, red phosphorus treated at pH 3 is very stable against oxidation but the stability decreases with increasing pH values for TiO2 precipitation.
In summary of this disclosure, the present invention provides a novel red amorphous phosphorus
having improved stability against oxidation by way of treatment with titanium in the form of titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate. Modifications are possible within the scope of this invention.
Claims (13)
1. A composition, characterized by a homogeneous blend of red phosphorus having a particle size of at most about 2 mm and an oxidation stabilizing amount of titanium in the form of titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate.
2. The composition claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the titanium is present in an amount of at least 0.05 wt%.
3. The composition claimed in either of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the titanium is present in an amount of 0.05 to 2.0 wt%.
4. The composition claimed in claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the red phosphorus particle size is about 0.01 to 0.15 mm.
5. A process for producing red phosphorus stabilized against oxidation, characterized by forming a homogeneous blend of red phosphorus particles and an oxidation stabilizing amount of titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate.
6. The process claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the blend is formed by the steps of (1) forming a slurry of red phosphorus particles of particle size of at most 2 mm, (2) heating the slurry to a temperature of about 600C to about 950C, (3) adding to the heated slurry a titanium compound in an amount to provide an oxidation stabilizing amount of titanium on the red phosphorus particles, said titanium compound being one whereby titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate precipitates in the slurry, (4) adjusting the pH of the slurry to a value of about 2 to 6 to effect precipitation of titanium dioxide or titanium phosphate on the red phosphorus particles, (5) separating the red phosphorus particles so treated from the slurry, and (6) drying the separated treated particles.
7. The process claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the slurry is heated to a temperature of about 800 to 900C, the treated red phosphorus particles are dried at about 1000 to about 1300 C, and the titanium compound is added to the slurry in an amount sufficient to deposit about 0.05 to about 2 wt% Ti on the phosphorus particles.
8. The process claimed in claim 6 or 7 characterized in that the titanium compound is (a) titanium sulphate or titanium tetrachloride, whereby titanium dioxide precipitates on the red phosphorus particles, or (b) titanium sulphate and orthophosphoric acid or a water-soluble salt of orthophosphoric acid also is added to said slurry, whereby titanium phosphate precipitates on the red phosphorus particles.
9. The process claimed in claim 5 characterized in that the blend is formed by the steps of (1) bringing into contact with red phosphorus particles of size at most about 2 mm the vapors of a volatile hydrolyzable compound of titanium to cause adsorption of such vapors to the surface of the particles, the titanium compound being adsorbed in an amount sufficient to provide oxidation stability to said red phosphorus particles following hydrolysis of said compound, and (2) hydrolyzing the adsorbed titanium compound to provide a homogeneous blend of red phosphorus and titanium dioxide.
10. The process claimed in claim 9 characterized in that the titanium compound is a volatile organic titanate or titanium tetrachloride and the contact step is effected by forming a stream of the titanium compound in a carrier gas and flowing the stream into contact with a bed of red phosphorus particles.
11. The process claimed in claim 5 characterized in that the blend is formed by the steps of (1) mixing red phosphorus particles with a hydrolyzable titanium compound, and (2) effecting hydrolysis of the titanium compound in contact with the red phosphorus particles to form titanium dioxide on the surface of the red phosphorus particles.
12. The process claimed in claim 9 characterized in that the mixing step is effected in a closed vessel, the hydrolysis step is effected by introducing moisture to the vessel, and unreacted titanium compound by-products are removed from the titanium dioxide treated red phosphorus particles.
13. The process claimed in claim 11 or 12 characterized in that the titanium compound or titanium tetrachloride.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000406319A CA1178788A (en) | 1982-06-29 | 1982-06-29 | Stabilization of red phosphorus |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8317656D0 GB8317656D0 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| GB2128598A true GB2128598A (en) | 1984-05-02 |
| GB2128598B GB2128598B (en) | 1987-02-18 |
Family
ID=4123124
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08317656A Expired GB2128598B (en) | 1982-06-29 | 1983-06-29 | Stabilization of red phosphorus |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5913612A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1178788A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3323135C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2128598B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1162883B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE460471B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2150925A (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1985-07-10 | Erco Ind Ltd | Stabilization of phosphorus |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014208737A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-11-06 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Resin composition, resin molded article, and surface-treated red phosphorus |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1526362A (en) * | 1975-06-10 | 1978-09-27 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Compositions for flame-proofing plastics |
| GB1526364A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1978-09-27 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Compositions for flameproofing plastics |
| GB1526361A (en) * | 1975-06-10 | 1978-09-27 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Compositions for flameproofing plastics |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2000033B2 (en) * | 1970-01-02 | 1971-11-11 | Knapsack AG, 5033 Hürth-Knapsack | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PASSIVATED RED PHOSPHORUS |
| DE2249638B2 (en) * | 1972-10-11 | 1981-01-15 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Phlegmatized red phosphorus |
| JPS5949942B2 (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1984-12-05 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | Flame retardant thermosetting resin composition |
| DE2631532C2 (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1984-09-13 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Stabilized powdered red phosphorus and process for its manufacture |
| DE2632296C2 (en) * | 1976-07-17 | 1979-02-01 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Stabilized red phosphorus and process for its manufacture |
| DE2647093C2 (en) * | 1976-10-19 | 1984-12-06 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Stabilized powdered red phosphorus and process for its manufacture |
| DE2705042A1 (en) * | 1977-02-08 | 1978-08-10 | Hoechst Ag | STABILIZED RED PHOSPHORUS AND THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IT |
| DE2655739C2 (en) * | 1976-12-09 | 1978-12-14 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Stabilized red phosphorus and process for its manufacture |
| DE2813151A1 (en) * | 1978-03-25 | 1979-09-27 | Hoechst Ag | STABILIZED RED PHOSPHORUS |
-
1982
- 1982-06-29 CA CA000406319A patent/CA1178788A/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-06-27 DE DE3323135A patent/DE3323135C2/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-27 SE SE8303669A patent/SE460471B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-06-28 IT IT67705/83A patent/IT1162883B/en active
- 1983-06-29 GB GB08317656A patent/GB2128598B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-29 JP JP58116235A patent/JPS5913612A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1526362A (en) * | 1975-06-10 | 1978-09-27 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Compositions for flame-proofing plastics |
| GB1526361A (en) * | 1975-06-10 | 1978-09-27 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Compositions for flameproofing plastics |
| GB1526364A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1978-09-27 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Compositions for flameproofing plastics |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2150925A (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1985-07-10 | Erco Ind Ltd | Stabilization of phosphorus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8317656D0 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
| DE3323135C2 (en) | 1987-04-30 |
| JPS5913612A (en) | 1984-01-24 |
| SE460471B (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| CA1178788A (en) | 1984-12-04 |
| IT8367705A0 (en) | 1983-06-28 |
| GB2128598B (en) | 1987-02-18 |
| SE8303669L (en) | 1983-12-30 |
| JPH0549604B2 (en) | 1993-07-26 |
| SE8303669D0 (en) | 1983-06-27 |
| IT1162883B (en) | 1987-04-01 |
| DE3323135A1 (en) | 1984-02-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20000629 |