GB2128494A - Stirrer for a reactor for gasifying solid fuels - Google Patents
Stirrer for a reactor for gasifying solid fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2128494A GB2128494A GB08324857A GB8324857A GB2128494A GB 2128494 A GB2128494 A GB 2128494A GB 08324857 A GB08324857 A GB 08324857A GB 8324857 A GB8324857 A GB 8324857A GB 2128494 A GB2128494 A GB 2128494A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- stirring arm
- reactor
- armouring
- edge
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
- C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Description
1
SPECIFICATION
Stirrer for a reactor for gasifying solid fuels This invention relates to a stirrer in, or for use in a reactor for gasifying granular fuels, particularly 5 coal.
A method is known for gasifying granular fuels under pressure of 5 to 150 bars by treatment with gasifying agents which contain free oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide, the fuel forming in the reactor a fixed bed, which gradually descends and, 75 the gasifying agents being introduced into the fixed bed from below, while the incombustible mineral constituents of the fuel are withdrawn below the fixed bed as solid ash or liquid slag.
Such a method will be hereinafter referred to as---a80 method of the kind set forth". A method of the kind set forth is carried out in a reactor which contains at least one stirring arm, which is rotatable about a vertical axis and which is approximately triangular in cross-section. The stirring arm is rotated through the fixed bed during the gasification and has a knife edge penetrating through the coal bed and a rear crushing edge.
Such a stirrer is described in the Specification of German Patent No. 23 53 241 and the corresponding U.S. Patent No. 3,951,661.
German Ausl egu ngssch rift No. 10 21 116 also discloses a reactor having a stirring arm. The gasification of solid fuels is known and disclosed, e.g., in Ullmanns EncyMopadie dertechnischen Chemie, 4th edition (1977), Volume 14, on pages 383 to 386. Details of a gasification method involving the formation of solid ash are described in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,540,867 and 3,854,895, while a modification of the method involving the formation of liquid slag has been described in British Patent Specifications 1,507,905;
1,508,771 and 1,512,677.
The fuel which is suitable for gasification in the reactor usually consists of non-caking, swellable 105 or caking coal although other carbonaceous materials, such as wood, peat or biomass can also be gasified. The granular fuel preferably has a particle size in the range of about 3 to 60 mm so that the fixed bed is adequately permeable to gas. 110 It is known to loosen the fixed bed by means of a stirrer having one or more stirring arms in order to improve the permeability to gas.
It is an object of the invention to provide a stirring arm which can be used in a temperature range of 200 to 11 001C and which is suitable even for heavy loads. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided in, a reactor for gasifying granular fuels by a method of the kind set forth, a stirring arm, which is mounted 120 or adapted to be mounted within the reactor so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis, wherein the stirring arm is approximately triangular in crosssection and has a leading or knife edge for penetrating through the fixed bed and a trailing or 125 crushing edge and wherein the leading edge and the trailing edge of the stirring arm are provided with replaceable armouring, the armouring at the leading edge comprising a plurality of armouring GB 2 128 494 A 1 elements, which are approximately V-shaped in cross-section and arranged one beside the other so as to define between adjacent elements an expansion joint.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a reactor for gasifying fuels by a method of the kind set forth, comprising a reactor housing, a vertical rotary shaft mounted within the housing and at least one stirring arm as indicated above mounted in said shaft.
Because the armouring is replaceable, a higher wear can be tolerated and the same considerations apply to the armouring of the crushing or trailing edge by means of a plurality of individual elements, which are individually replaceable. A further advantage afforded by the armouring elements at the leading or knife edge is that differential thermal expansion will not give rise to stresses in the armouring.
According to a preferred feature of the invention the armouring elements are mounted on the stirring arm so as to be movable at ambient temperature, this feature applying to the armouring at the knife edge and to the armouring at the crushing edge. With this arrangement, stresses between the stirring arm, which is usually water-cooled, and the armouring in contact with the hot coal will be reduced or avoided.
In order to enable the invention to be more readily understood, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example an embodiment thereof, and in which:- Figure 1 is an elevation of a stirring arm for a gasifying reactor, and Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 11-11 in Figure 1.
Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a stirring arm 1 for a gasification reactor (not shown). The arm is secured to a vertical rotary shaft 2, which contains cooling water passages 3 and 4, which are indicated by dotted lines. The shaft 2 and the stirring arm 1 are cooled by the cooling water. During the gasifying operation, the stirring arm 1 is moved through the fixed bed of the granular fuel, which is to be gasified. When the shaft 2 is moved in the sense of rotation 5 (Figure 1), the stirring arm, which is approximately triangular in cross-section as shown in Figure 2, will be moved through the fixed bed of fuel in the direction of the arrow 6.
In order to protect the leading edge of the stirring arm, which leading edge may be described as a knife-edge, the stirring arm is provided with a number of armouring elements 7, which are approximately V-shaped in cross-section. The stirring arm has two chambers 8 and 9 for the introduction and return of cooling water into and from the arm in mutually opposite directions. The top rear edge of the stirring arm is described as a crushing edge and is also armoured and for this purpose is provided with wedge-shaped armouring plates 10. In a direction which is parallel to the radial extent of the stirring arm, the armouring elements 7 and the plates 10 have a
2 GB 2 128 494 A 2 width of about 5 to 50 cm, and there is an expansion joint having a width of 0. 1 to 5 mm at ambient temperature between adjacent elements 7 or plates 10.
The elements 7 and plates 10 are so secured to the watercooled stirring arm by fixing means that the armouring is still movable to a slight extent relative to the stirring arm and so that the high temperature differences will not result in stresses 40 and damage. The fixing means shown in Figure 2 consists of bolts 11 having shank diameters which are smaller than the associated bore 12 of the stirring arm. Differences in diameter of 1 to 3 mm will usually be sufficient. The head the bolt 11 is 15. accommodated in a recess 13 formed in the amouring element 7 or the plate 10 and does not protrude from the contour of the element 7 or the plate 10. Each bolt at the knife edge is locked by a retaining ring 14, and at the crushing edge by a 20 retaining plate 14a which consists of a rectangular, split heat shield. The material of the armouring elements 7 and of the plates 10 must resist wear at temperatures up to 11 001C and for this reason may consists e.g., of various kinds of 25 nickel-chromium steel or of ceramics.
Claims (6)
1. In, or for use in a reactor for gasifying 60 granular fuels by a method of the kind set forth, a stirring arm which is mounted or adapted to be mounted within the reactor so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis, wherein the stirring arm is approximately triangular in cross-section and has a leading or knife edge for penetrating through the fixed bed and a trailing or crushing edge, and wherein the leading edge and the trailing edge of the stirring arm are provided with replaceable armouring, the armouring at the leading edge comprising a plurality of armouring elements, which are approximately V- shaped in crosssection and arranged one beside the other so as to define between adjacent elements an expansion joint.
2. A stirring arm as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the armouring elements are mounted on the stirring arm so as to be movable at ambient temperature.
3. A stirring arm as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the armouring at the trailing edge consists of a plurality of elements, which are mounted on the stirring arm so as to be movable at ambient temperature.
4. A stirring arm as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the armouring elements at the knife edge and the crushing edge are mounted on the stirring arm by bolts.
5. In, or for use in a reactor for gasifying granular fuels by a method of the kind set forth, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
6. A reactor for gasifying fuels by a method of the kind set forth, comprising a reactor housing, a vertical rotary shaft mounted within the housing and at least one stirring arm as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5 mounted on said shaft.
Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office by the Cot(rier Press, Leamington Spa, 1984. Published by the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.
Q A.
f
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19823239320 DE3239320A1 (en) | 1982-10-23 | 1982-10-23 | STIRRING DEVICE OF A REACTOR FOR GASIFYING SOLID FUELS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8324857D0 GB8324857D0 (en) | 1983-10-19 |
GB2128494A true GB2128494A (en) | 1984-05-02 |
GB2128494B GB2128494B (en) | 1985-11-13 |
Family
ID=6176458
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB08324857A Expired GB2128494B (en) | 1982-10-23 | 1983-09-16 | Stirrer for a reactor for gasifying solid fuels |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4536193A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3239320A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2534925A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2128494B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5013158A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1991-05-07 | Tarlow Kenneth A | Self stirring vessel |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6275231B1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 2001-08-14 | American Calcar Inc. | Centralized control and management system for automobiles |
CN108085064A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-29 | 上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司 | The mixing arm of gasification furnace and gasification furnace agitating device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB444795A (en) * | 1935-09-17 | 1936-03-27 | Tarmac Ltd | Improvements in mixing machines or apparatus |
GB458237A (en) * | 1936-06-22 | 1936-12-15 | Gustav Samm | Moulding-sand mixing machine |
GB894764A (en) * | 1960-01-28 | 1962-04-26 | Manfred Boekelmann | Improvements in or relating to methods of protecting the supporting arms of mixer tools |
DE2353241A1 (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1975-04-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS GASIFICATION OF COAL UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE |
GB1422500A (en) * | 1973-03-08 | 1976-01-28 | Elba Werk Maschinen Gmbh & Co | Concrete mixing machine |
GB1601228A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1981-10-28 | Wearports Ltd | Mixer blade |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2440940A (en) * | 1943-08-18 | 1948-05-04 | Galusha Albert Leet | Gas producer |
US3430898A (en) * | 1967-05-01 | 1969-03-04 | Us Navy | Leading edge for hypersonic vehicle |
US4315757A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1982-02-16 | General Electric Company | Coal gasification apparatus |
-
1982
- 1982-10-23 DE DE19823239320 patent/DE3239320A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1983
- 1983-08-31 FR FR8313976A patent/FR2534925A1/en active Granted
- 1983-09-16 GB GB08324857A patent/GB2128494B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-27 US US06/536,147 patent/US4536193A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB444795A (en) * | 1935-09-17 | 1936-03-27 | Tarmac Ltd | Improvements in mixing machines or apparatus |
GB458237A (en) * | 1936-06-22 | 1936-12-15 | Gustav Samm | Moulding-sand mixing machine |
GB894764A (en) * | 1960-01-28 | 1962-04-26 | Manfred Boekelmann | Improvements in or relating to methods of protecting the supporting arms of mixer tools |
GB1422500A (en) * | 1973-03-08 | 1976-01-28 | Elba Werk Maschinen Gmbh & Co | Concrete mixing machine |
DE2353241A1 (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1975-04-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS GASIFICATION OF COAL UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE |
GB1601228A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1981-10-28 | Wearports Ltd | Mixer blade |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5013158A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1991-05-07 | Tarlow Kenneth A | Self stirring vessel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2128494B (en) | 1985-11-13 |
DE3239320A1 (en) | 1984-04-26 |
US4536193A (en) | 1985-08-20 |
GB8324857D0 (en) | 1983-10-19 |
FR2534925B3 (en) | 1985-02-08 |
FR2534925A1 (en) | 1984-04-27 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19990916 |