GB2128494A

GB2128494A - Stirrer for a reactor for gasifying solid fuels

Info

Publication number: GB2128494A
Application number: GB08324857A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Johannes Albrecht; Rudolf Jakobs; Isnab Turna; Helmut Vierrath; Manfred Weil; Klaus Zapke
Original assignee: Metallgesellschaft AG
Current assignee: GEA Group AG
Priority date: 1982-10-23
Filing date: 1983-09-16
Publication date: 1984-05-02
Also published as: GB2128494B; DE3239320A1; US4536193A; GB8324857D0; FR2534925B3; FR2534925A1

Description

1

SPECIFICATION

Stirrer for a reactor for gasifying solid fuels This invention relates to a stirrer in, or for use in a reactor for gasifying granular fuels, particularly 5 coal.

A method is known for gasifying granular fuels under pressure of 5 to 150 bars by treatment with gasifying agents which contain free oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide, the fuel forming in the reactor a fixed bed, which gradually descends and, 75 the gasifying agents being introduced into the fixed bed from below, while the incombustible mineral constituents of the fuel are withdrawn below the fixed bed as solid ash or liquid slag.

Such a method will be hereinafter referred to as---a80 method of the kind set forth". A method of the kind set forth is carried out in a reactor which contains at least one stirring arm, which is rotatable about a vertical axis and which is approximately triangular in cross-section. The stirring arm is rotated through the fixed bed during the gasification and has a knife edge penetrating through the coal bed and a rear crushing edge.

Such a stirrer is described in the Specification of German Patent No. 23 53 241 and the corresponding U.S. Patent No. 3,951,661.

German Ausl egu ngssch rift No. 10 21 116 also discloses a reactor having a stirring arm. The gasification of solid fuels is known and disclosed, e.g., in Ullmanns EncyMopadie dertechnischen Chemie, 4th edition (1977), Volume 14, on pages 383 to 386. Details of a gasification method involving the formation of solid ash are described in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,540,867 and 3,854,895, while a modification of the method involving the formation of liquid slag has been described in British Patent Specifications 1,507,905;

1,508,771 and 1,512,677.

The fuel which is suitable for gasification in the reactor usually consists of non-caking, swellable 105 or caking coal although other carbonaceous materials, such as wood, peat or biomass can also be gasified. The granular fuel preferably has a particle size in the range of about 3 to 60 mm so that the fixed bed is adequately permeable to gas. 110 It is known to loosen the fixed bed by means of a stirrer having one or more stirring arms in order to improve the permeability to gas.

It is an object of the invention to provide a stirring arm which can be used in a temperature range of 200 to 11 001C and which is suitable even for heavy loads. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided in, a reactor for gasifying granular fuels by a method of the kind set forth, a stirring arm, which is mounted 120 or adapted to be mounted within the reactor so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis, wherein the stirring arm is approximately triangular in crosssection and has a leading or knife edge for penetrating through the fixed bed and a trailing or 125 crushing edge and wherein the leading edge and the trailing edge of the stirring arm are provided with replaceable armouring, the armouring at the leading edge comprising a plurality of armouring GB 2 128 494 A 1 elements, which are approximately V-shaped in cross-section and arranged one beside the other so as to define between adjacent elements an expansion joint.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a reactor for gasifying fuels by a method of the kind set forth, comprising a reactor housing, a vertical rotary shaft mounted within the housing and at least one stirring arm as indicated above mounted in said shaft.

Because the armouring is replaceable, a higher wear can be tolerated and the same considerations apply to the armouring of the crushing or trailing edge by means of a plurality of individual elements, which are individually replaceable. A further advantage afforded by the armouring elements at the leading or knife edge is that differential thermal expansion will not give rise to stresses in the armouring.

According to a preferred feature of the invention the armouring elements are mounted on the stirring arm so as to be movable at ambient temperature, this feature applying to the armouring at the knife edge and to the armouring at the crushing edge. With this arrangement, stresses between the stirring arm, which is usually water-cooled, and the armouring in contact with the hot coal will be reduced or avoided.

In order to enable the invention to be more readily understood, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example an embodiment thereof, and in which:- Figure 1 is an elevation of a stirring arm for a gasifying reactor, and Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 11-11 in Figure 1.

Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a stirring arm 1 for a gasification reactor (not shown). The arm is secured to a vertical rotary shaft 2, which contains cooling water passages 3 and 4, which are indicated by dotted lines. The shaft 2 and the stirring arm 1 are cooled by the cooling water. During the gasifying operation, the stirring arm 1 is moved through the fixed bed of the granular fuel, which is to be gasified. When the shaft 2 is moved in the sense of rotation 5 (Figure 1), the stirring arm, which is approximately triangular in cross-section as shown in Figure 2, will be moved through the fixed bed of fuel in the direction of the arrow 6.

In order to protect the leading edge of the stirring arm, which leading edge may be described as a knife-edge, the stirring arm is provided with a number of armouring elements 7, which are approximately V-shaped in cross-section. The stirring arm has two chambers 8 and 9 for the introduction and return of cooling water into and from the arm in mutually opposite directions. The top rear edge of the stirring arm is described as a crushing edge and is also armoured and for this purpose is provided with wedge-shaped armouring plates 10. In a direction which is parallel to the radial extent of the stirring arm, the armouring elements 7 and the plates 10 have a

2 GB 2 128 494 A 2 width of about 5 to 50 cm, and there is an expansion joint having a width of 0. 1 to 5 mm at ambient temperature between adjacent elements 7 or plates 10.

The elements 7 and plates 10 are so secured to the watercooled stirring arm by fixing means that the armouring is still movable to a slight extent relative to the stirring arm and so that the high temperature differences will not result in stresses 40 and damage. The fixing means shown in Figure 2 consists of bolts 11 having shank diameters which are smaller than the associated bore 12 of the stirring arm. Differences in diameter of 1 to 3 mm will usually be sufficient. The head the bolt 11 is 15. accommodated in a recess 13 formed in the amouring element 7 or the plate 10 and does not protrude from the contour of the element 7 or the plate 10. Each bolt at the knife edge is locked by a retaining ring 14, and at the crushing edge by a 20 retaining plate 14a which consists of a rectangular, split heat shield. The material of the armouring elements 7 and of the plates 10 must resist wear at temperatures up to 11 001C and for this reason may consists e.g., of various kinds of 25 nickel-chromium steel or of ceramics.

Claims

1. In, or for use in a reactor for gasifying 60 granular fuels by a method of the kind set forth, a stirring arm which is mounted or adapted to be mounted within the reactor so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis, wherein the stirring arm is approximately triangular in cross-section and has a leading or knife edge for penetrating through the fixed bed and a trailing or crushing edge, and wherein the leading edge and the trailing edge of the stirring arm are provided with replaceable armouring, the armouring at the leading edge comprising a plurality of armouring elements, which are approximately V- shaped in crosssection and arranged one beside the other so as to define between adjacent elements an expansion joint.

2. A stirring arm as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the armouring elements are mounted on the stirring arm so as to be movable at ambient temperature.

3. A stirring arm as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the armouring at the trailing edge consists of a plurality of elements, which are mounted on the stirring arm so as to be movable at ambient temperature.

4. A stirring arm as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the armouring elements at the knife edge and the crushing edge are mounted on the stirring arm by bolts.

5. In, or for use in a reactor for gasifying granular fuels by a method of the kind set forth, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

6. A reactor for gasifying fuels by a method of the kind set forth, comprising a reactor housing, a vertical rotary shaft mounted within the housing and at least one stirring arm as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5 mounted on said shaft.

Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office by the Cot(rier Press, Leamington Spa, 1984. Published by the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.

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