GB2126679A - Fixing device - Google Patents

Fixing device Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2126679A
GB2126679A GB08319098A GB8319098A GB2126679A GB 2126679 A GB2126679 A GB 2126679A GB 08319098 A GB08319098 A GB 08319098A GB 8319098 A GB8319098 A GB 8319098A GB 2126679 A GB2126679 A GB 2126679A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fixing device
elongate member
expandable material
blowing agent
hollow rigid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08319098A
Other versions
GB2126679B (en
GB8319098D0 (en
Inventor
Jacob Brauner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB08319098A priority Critical patent/GB2126679B/en
Publication of GB8319098D0 publication Critical patent/GB8319098D0/en
Publication of GB2126679A publication Critical patent/GB2126679A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2126679B publication Critical patent/GB2126679B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316—Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161—Roughness or rugosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)

Abstract

A fixing device comprises a hollow rigid elongate member (2) having an outer surface which is keyed to provide an anchorage for expandable material (8) which is arranged to cover at least a part of the outer surface of the hollow elongate member and which includes a blowing agent effective to produce expansion of the expandable material (8) consequent upon the application of heat at a temperature not sufficient to cause significant deformation of the hollow rigid elongate member (2), e.g. by means of a heated mandrel 20 (Fig. 5), whereby the device is fixable firmly within a hole in a body such as a wall. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Fixing device This invention relates to fixing devices more especially although not exclusively for walls and methods of fixing such devices.
Wall fixing devices comprising generally tubular plugs which are expanded within a fixing hole consequent upon insertion of a fixing screw or bolt are well known. The plugs may be made of flexible fibre or plastics material or alternatively they may be made of steel or some other metal which is provided with ridges or teeth which are constrained to bite into the fixing hole wall consequent upon expansion of the plug.
These known wall fixing devices, although generally suitable for walls of high density material such as brick or concrete, are less suitable for fixing into lightweight low density material, especially of cellular structure, such as aerated building blocks, rigid foam plastics panels, plaster board or crumbly material such as old plaster.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a fixing device which is particularly suitable for fixing into low density materials or crumbly materials.
According to the present invention a fixing device comprises a hollow rigid elongate member having an outer surface which is keyed to provide an anchorage for expandable material which is arranged to cover at least a part of the said outer surface and which includes a blowing agent effective to produce expansion of the expandable material consequent upon the application of heat at a temperature not sufficient to cause significant deformation of the hollow rigid elongate member, whereby the device is fixable firmly within a hole.
In use of the fixing device, the device is inserted into a suitable fixing hole in a wall for example and heat is applied within the device by means of a hot probe, or by means of hot air, such that the blowing agent is heated to a point at which gas is released which is effective to expand the expandable material so that it is brought into intimate contact with the walls of the fixing hole in which the device is inserted, whereby the device is firmly fixed within the fixing hole.
The hollow rigid elongate member may be made of metal or heat resistant plastics material.
The keying on the hollow rigid elongate member may comprise external screw threads, lugs or ridges. Alternatively, the hollow rigid elongate member may have a roughened outer surface and/or may be made with a non-circular cross section so as to resist rotation within the expandable material when fixed.
The inside surface of the hollow rigid elongate member may be screw threaded. Alternatively it may be grooved or fluted to receive wood screws.
As a further alternative, it may be smooth and tubular so as to be suitable for receiving selftapping screws. Still further, it may be grooved or fluted to receive snap-in fasteners.
The expandable material may comprise a sleeve which is fitted over the hollow elongate member.
Alternatively, the expandable material may comprise a layer applied as a coating of thermoplastics material.
The expandable material may comprise a thermoplastics material provided with the blowing agent. Alternatively, the expandable material may comprise a flexible elastomer such as synthetic rubber, similarly provided with the blowing agent.
The blowing agent may comprise azodicarbonamide, sulphonhydrazide or dinitrosopentoa methylene-tetra mine. The blowing agent may also comprise a soluble gas such for example as pentane.
The expansion of the expandable material is due to the release of trapped gas, generated by the chemical breakdown of the blowing agent, or the sharply decreased solubility of dissolved gas (for example pentane) when certain temperatures are reached.
According to one aspect of the invention, the device may be fitted by a method comprising the steps of drilling a clearance hole, fitting the device within the clearance hole, and heating the device within the clearance hole by means of a heated probe or with a hot air gun.
One embodiment of the invention will now be described solely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a sectional side view of a fixing device positioned in a fixing hole; Figure 2 is a sectional end view of the device of Figure 1; and Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 are sectional side views illustrating steps in a method of fixing the device shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Referring now to Figure 1, a fixing device comprises a hollow elongate member 2 having a generally tubular inside bore 4 and a castellated outer cylindrical surface 6. Castellation of the outer surface 6 is provided to afford keying for an outer covering of heat expandable material 8 which is formed to define spacer ribs 10. The device 1 is positioned within a hole 12 which is drilled in a concrete wall 14. In order to effect a firm fixture of the device 1 within the hole 12, the device 1 is heated by means of a heated probe or with a hot air gun such that the heat expandable material 8 expands to fill the interstices within the hole 12 and so that the hollow elongate member 2 is firmly fixed therein.
The steps involved in fixing the device 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 will now be described with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5.
Referring now to Figure 3, the hole 12 in the wall 14 is first formed with a masonry drill 16. The hole 12 is arranged to be just big enough to receive the fixing device 1 and as shown in Figure 4 the device 1 is tapped home into the hole 12 by means of a hammer 18. Having positioned the device 1 within the hole 12, a heated mandrel or probe 20 is inserted into the device 1 so that the heat expandable material 8 is heated and so that it consequently expands to fill the interstices in the hole 12 around the device 1.
The hollow elongate member 2 may be manufactured from metal or heat resistant plastics material and the heat expandable material 8 may be fabricated from a thermoplastics material such as polypropylene, polyethylene or polystyrene.
Alternatively, the heat expandable material may be made from a resilient elastomer such as synthetic rubber or it may be made of a mixture of synthetic rubber and thermo-plastics material. The plastics material may be reinforced for example with glass fibres and/or granular material. The heat expandable material 8 may comprise a coating, or alternatively it may be a sleeve which may be heat shrunk onto the hollow elongate member 2.
In order to produce a heat expandable characteristic a blowing agent is combined with the expandable material 8. The blowing agent comprises fine grains of a material which will release gas when reaching activation temperature.
Such a blowing agent may comprise azodicarbonamide, sulphonhydrazide or dinitrosopentoamethylene-tetramine. A characteristic of these compounds is that they decompose at temperatures well over 1 000C to give up mainly nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and ammonia.
The inside surface of the hollow elongate member 2 may be smooth as shown in Figures 1 or 2 or alternatively it may be screw threaded or incorporate radial or longitudinal grooves or ribs.
Thus, the inside surface may be adapted suitably to receive any type of screw or fixing. The outer surface of the hollow elongate member 2 may be castellated as shown, or alternatively it may be provided with a roughened surface and/or formed to have a cross section corresponding to a polygon so that rotation of the hollow elongate member within the hole is resisted in use.
Heating of the device 1 within the hole may be effected by a thermostatically controlled electrically heated mandrel which is similar in appearance to a soldering iron or alternatively a flame-less combustion heated mandrel or a hot air gun may be used. With an electrically heated mandrel, the mandrel may be heated to approximately 2200C for approximately 10 seconds, to cause the required expansion of the heat expandable material 8.
Various modifications may be made to the device hereinbefore described without departing from the scope of the invention and for example the hollow elongate member 2 may be formed with internal and external screw threads. It will be readily appreciated that by using a device as shown, expansion of the heat expandable material 8 will effect a tight fit of the device 1 within the hole 12 since the heat expandable material 8 will expand so as closely to conform to the inside geometry of the hole 12 in which the device is inserted. In addition, the geometry of the hole can be shaped by an additional machining operation to provide higher anchorage strength. It will also be appreciated that by suitable choice of materials, adhesion between the heat expandable material and the walls of the hole may be produced so as to give a fixing which minimally stresses the material in which the hole is formed and which affords maximum anchorage consistent with the strength of the material surrounding the device 1. Further, the often considerable force required in the known devices on the screw or bolt to cause the wedging action in a hole is not needed.

Claims (16)

1. A fixing device comprising a hollow rigid elongate member having an outer surface which is keyed to provide an anchorage for expandable material which is arranged to cover at least a part of the said outer surface and which includes a blowing agent effective to produce expansion of the expandable material consequent upon the application of heat at a temperature not sufficient to cause significant deformation of the hollow rigid elongate member, whereby the device is fixable firmly within a hole.
2. A fixing device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hollow rigid elongate member is made of metal or heat resistant plastics material.
3. A fixing device as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the hollow rigid elongate member comprises external screw threads, lugs or ridges.
4. A fixing device as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the hollow rigid elongate member comprises a roughened outer surface and/or a non-circuiar cross-section so as to resist rotation within the expandable material when fixed.
5. A fixing device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the inside surface of the hollow rigid elongate member is screw threaded.
6. A fixing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the inside surface of the hollow rigid elongate member is grooved or fluted.
7. A fixing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the inside surface of the hollow rigid elongate member is smooth and tubular.
8. A fixing device as claimed in any one 6f the preceding claims wherein the expandable material comprises a sleeve which is fitted over the hollow elongate member.
9. Afixing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the expandable material comprises a layer applied as a coating of thermoplastics material.
10. A fixing device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the expandable material comprises a thermoplastics material provided with a blowing agent.
1 A fixing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the expandable material comprises a flexible elastomer which is provided with a blowing agent.
12. A fixing device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the blowing agent comprises azodicarbonamide.
13. A fixing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the blowing agent comprises sulphonhydrazide.
14. A fixing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the blowing agent is dinitrosopentoamethylene-tetramine.
15. A fixing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the blowing agent comprises a soluble gas.
16. A fixing device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 7. A fixing device as claimed in claim 1 fitted by a method comprising the steps of drilling a clearance hole, fitting the device within the clearance hole, and heating the device within the clearance hole by means of a heated probe or with a hot air gun.
GB08319098A 1982-08-02 1983-07-14 Fixing device Expired GB2126679B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08319098A GB2126679B (en) 1982-08-02 1983-07-14 Fixing device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8222187 1982-08-02
GB08319098A GB2126679B (en) 1982-08-02 1983-07-14 Fixing device

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8319098D0 GB8319098D0 (en) 1983-08-17
GB2126679A true GB2126679A (en) 1984-03-28
GB2126679B GB2126679B (en) 1985-10-30

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2314134A (en) * 1996-06-11 1997-12-17 Trw Inc Mounting of fasteners on panels
CN102071955A (en) * 2010-11-03 2011-05-25 河南理工大学 Soft outburst coal seam tunneling reserved coal body reinforcement and outburst-proof method

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB953056A (en) * 1959-04-20 1964-03-25 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Improved method of securing a fixing element in a hole
US3613495A (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-10-19 Henry J Podgursky Fastener means including an interior expansible core
GB1448753A (en) * 1973-06-23 1976-09-08 Fischer Artur Method of anchoring a fastening element
GB2024978A (en) * 1978-07-08 1980-01-16 Fischer Artur Anchoring of Fastening Elements in Holes
GB2112487A (en) * 1981-12-01 1983-07-20 Hilti Ag Fastening element
EP0047727B1 (en) * 1980-09-08 1984-12-05 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Method of rock bolting and a device comprising an expansible rock bolt and an installation device therefor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB953056A (en) * 1959-04-20 1964-03-25 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Improved method of securing a fixing element in a hole
US3613495A (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-10-19 Henry J Podgursky Fastener means including an interior expansible core
GB1448753A (en) * 1973-06-23 1976-09-08 Fischer Artur Method of anchoring a fastening element
GB2024978A (en) * 1978-07-08 1980-01-16 Fischer Artur Anchoring of Fastening Elements in Holes
EP0047727B1 (en) * 1980-09-08 1984-12-05 Atlas Copco Aktiebolag Method of rock bolting and a device comprising an expansible rock bolt and an installation device therefor
GB2112487A (en) * 1981-12-01 1983-07-20 Hilti Ag Fastening element

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2314134A (en) * 1996-06-11 1997-12-17 Trw Inc Mounting of fasteners on panels
GB2314134B (en) * 1996-06-11 2000-09-06 Trw Inc Fastener assembly
CN102071955A (en) * 2010-11-03 2011-05-25 河南理工大学 Soft outburst coal seam tunneling reserved coal body reinforcement and outburst-proof method
CN102071955B (en) * 2010-11-03 2013-01-23 河南理工大学 Soft outburst coal seam tunneling reserved coal body reinforcement and outburst-proof method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2126679B (en) 1985-10-30
GB8319098D0 (en) 1983-08-17

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19920714