GB2124527A - Cavity former for use in the production of a metal casting mould having a riser - Google Patents
Cavity former for use in the production of a metal casting mould having a riser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2124527A GB2124527A GB08302265A GB8302265A GB2124527A GB 2124527 A GB2124527 A GB 2124527A GB 08302265 A GB08302265 A GB 08302265A GB 8302265 A GB8302265 A GB 8302265A GB 2124527 A GB2124527 A GB 2124527A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- riser
- former
- cavity
- sleeve
- riser sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/088—Feeder heads
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Table Equipment (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
The former (5) has one or more recesses (6) extending between the top and towards the bottom and a negative taper from bottom to top. The recesses (6) from ribs from the moulding sand which grip the outer surface of a riser sleeve inserted into a cavity made by the former. The former may also have a raised rim (7) and an annular depression (7a) within the rim (7) adjoining a surface (8) which lies above the level of the annular depression (7a). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Cavity former for use in the production of a metal casting mould having a riser
The present invention is concerned with a cavity former for use in the production of a metal casting mould having a riser.
The use of riser sleeves in metal casting moulds is well known. Up to now, they have been located either by moulding directly on the pattern used to make the mould or subsequently by insertion into the top or cope part of the mould into a cavity formed by a loose pattern piece which has been removed from the top of the mould.
It has also been proposed to insert riser sleeves into open half moulds where the mould has a vertical parting line.
Because of the increasing automation of methods used for the production of casting moulds from moulding material such as sand, there is less access to the pattern plates at the moulding station, especially in the production of repetition castings. As a result, it is no longer possible to apply riser sleeves directly on the pattern plate, nor is it possible to locate a loose piece on the pattern plate to form a cavity into which is later inserted a riser sleeve.
When it is no longer possible to obtain access to the pattern plate an alternative procedure may be possible with automatic moulding plants which are equipped with a cope mould line which is synchronised with a drag line where cores are set into the drag. On the moving cope line, inverted cope moulds are accessible for additional work, so riser sleeves may be inserted in the inverted cope mould.
With riser sleeves which have been used hitherto this is either impossible or only partially successful. Known riser sleeves have a cylindrical or almost cylindrical outer surface for reasons partly concerned with their production technique and partly concerned with their function. Because of dimensional variations inherent in their method of production such riser sleeves cannot be inserted into a preformed cavity with sufficient confidence that they will remain in place securely.
Another group of riser sleeves, especially those which are closed by means of a cap at one end, have a positive taper from their base going up towards the cap, i.e. the outside diameter becomes larger from bottom to top end therefore they cannot be used for the subsequent insertion into the inverted cope mould.
In co-pending application No. 8040648 (specification No. 2065008A) there is described a method for the production of a metal casting mould having a riser, in which method a riser sleeve is inserted in a cavity in the mould, the cavity being formed by locating a cavity former in a body of particulate moulding material, compacting the material about the former, and removing the former, characterised in that the former is made oversize relative to the sleeve to be received in the cavity and has one or more recesses therein whereby the cavity is formed with at least one inwardly projecting rib-like formation of moulded material for gripping the sleeve when received therein, and the former has a negative taper from bottom to top.
When objects such as riser sleeves are made in quantity to a predetermined nominal size i.e.
height and diameter, in practice the sleeves deviate from that nominal size. Such sleeves can still be used provided that they can be inserted in the mould cavities which are to receive them, and that once inserted they will remain in place.
By checking and recording the actual height and diameter of a particular nominal size of sleeve during the course of production it is possible to calculate the standard deviation in height and diameter from the mean values for those parameters for that sleeve.
According to the present invention there is provided a cavity former for use in the production of a metal casting mould having a riser characterised in that the exterior of the former has one or more recesses extending between the top and towards the bottom of the former and the former has a negative taper from bottom to top.
The former is suitable for making riser cavities to suit sleeves whose mean outside diameters plus three times the standard deviation are smaller than the corresponding outside diameters of the former. In this way the outside diameter of the former is larger than the outside diameter of the riser sleeves which are to be inserted in the cavities. Retention of the sleeves in the cavities results from the grip on the outside of the riser sleeve of the sand ribs which are moulded from the recesses in the former. This results in a clamping effect because circles which can be geometrically inscribed inside the base of the recesses have diameters which are smaller than the corresponding mean outside diameters less three times the standard deviation of the riser sleeves which are to be used.
According to a preferred feature of the invention the former has at its top end a raised rim which is so dimensioned that the total height of the former thus constituted is greater than the mean height plus three times the standard deviation of the actual riser sleeves which are to be used. Thus there remains after the insertion of the riser sleeve an annular cavity into which any sand, which has been loosened during the insertion of the riser sleeve, may fall, without in any way hindering the desired depth of location of the riser sleeve.
According to another preferred feature of the invention the former has at its top end an annular depression which is so dimensioned that the height of the former up to the base of the annular depression is smaller than the mean height less three times the standard deviation of the actual riser sleeves which are to be used.
By using such a former there is formed after
moulding an annular rib of moulding material. This
rib is of such depth that it touches even the lowest or shortest inserted sleeve at its top end and when
longer riser sleeves are inserted the pad becomes partially compressed. A sealing means is achieved with this arrangement.
A further example of a former according to the invention is characterised in that the annular depression adjoins a surface lying above the level of the annular depression whereby the height of the former up to this surface is greater than the mean height plus three times the standard deviation of the actual riser sleeves which are to be used. By this means, using riser sleeves which are open at the top, an additional riser volume is achieved, while when using a riser sleeve with a closed top an air gap remains between the surfaces and the top of the cap of the riser sleeve.
The riser sleeve may be of exothermic, exothermic and heat-insulating or heat-insulating material and have an outer surface which exhibits from its base to its top a negative taper having an angle from 20 to 200 with respect to the vertical.
Preferably, the inner and outer surfaces of the tapered riser sleeve are paraliel one with another, and the sleeve may have a height to diameter ratio (with respect to the lowermost internal diameter) in the range 1:1 to 1.6:1.
The riser sleeve may also have a closed top in which a b!ind recess is provided which reduces the thickness of the top and which permits the controlled venting of the riser.
Because the cavity is oversize by a predetermined amount, when a riser sleeve is inserted, several air cavities are formed which are separated from each other by the vertical sand ribs and which are connected one with another by the gap at the bottom of the cavity. This has several advantages. Firstly, heat transfer to surrounding moulding material or moulding sand is reduced, and the modulus extension factor of the riser sleeve is increased. Secondly, the atmospheric oxygen contained in the air cavities can lead to a reduction in the necessary quantity of oxidising agents in the sleeve material or by retaining the same amount of oxidising agents the ignition and burning rates of the exothermic sleeves can be increased. Further, in the case of green sand moulds the transfer of moisture to the riser sleeve is reduced.Thereby the ignition and burning characteristics in the case of exothermic sleeves will become more consistent.
Preferably a breaker core is present at the lower end of the riser sleeve and the core has an outside diameter larger than that of the riser sleeve so that the cavity formed by the former can be sealed by the projecting edge of the breaker core. By choosing suitable dimensions for the breaker core the breaker core can be made to seal the cavity formed by the former.
The former of the invention may be made from any suitable material which will retain its shape during mould production.
The invention is illustrated with reference to the drawings in which
Figure 1 is a cross section through a closed tapered riser sleeve fitted with a breaker core.
Figure 2 is a section through a tapered open riser sleeve fitted with a breaker core.
Figure 3 is a top plan view of a former of the invention.
Figure 4 is a section along the line A-B of
Figure 3.
Figure 5 shows schematically a riser sleeve fitted with a breaker core inserted into a casting mould.
Figure 6 shows schematically a riser sleeve without a breaker core inserted into a casting mould.
Figure 7 shows a cavity in a sand mould for the later insertion of a riser sleeve the cavity being formed by a former according to the invention.
Figure 8 is analogous to Figure 7 but shows a riser sleeve fitted with a breaker core inserted into the cavity in the sand mould.
In Figure 1 a riser sleeve 1 has a closed top 2 and a breaker core 4 fitted by glueing, whose outside diameter is larger than the outside diameter of the riser sleeve 1. As a result the breaker core 4 exhibits with respect to the riser sleeve 1 a projecting rim 4'.
In Figure 2 a riser sleeve 1 a is shown which is open at the top and to which a breaker core 4 can be fitted as is indicated in the presentation of
Figure 2.
The riser sleeve 1 or 1 a is made from exothermic, exothermic and heat-insulating or heat-insulating material. The breaker cores 4 are
made of refractory material.
As can be seen from Figures 1 and 2 the outer surface of the respective riser sleeve has a negative taper from bottom to top having an angle of from 20 to 200 with respect to the vertical.
Moreover the inner and outer surfaces of the tapered riser sleeve are parallel one to another.
The ratio of height to diameter of the riser sleeve 1 or 1 a lies in the range of 1:1 to 1.6:1 with respect to the lowermost inside diameter.
In the example according to Figure 1 the riser
sleeve 1 has a closed top 2 and in this closed top
at least one blind recess 11 which reduces the
thickness of the top 2 is provided. By means of
one or more of such blank recesses a controlled
venting of the riser is possible.
In Figures 3 and 4 a former 5 is shown whereby
the left half of Figure 4 represents a sectioned
view of line A-B in Figure 3 and the right half of
Figure 4 represents the external view.
The former of Figures 3 and 4 has a tapered
form corresponding to that of the riser sleeves 1
and 1 a according to Figures 1 and 2, but, the
outside diameters of the former 5 are larger than
the respective mean outside diameters plus three
times the standard deviation of the riser sleeves
which are to be used. By this means it is ensured
that the former 5 has at any point on its height or
length an outside diameter which is larger than
the outside diameter of the riser sleeve which after
moulding will be inserted or pushed into the cavity
formed by the use of the former 5.
The outer surface of the former 5 has
distributed around its circumference, several
recesses 6 which extend from the top of the
former towards the bottom. The recesses 6 form ribs from the moulding sand. The depth of the recesses 6 is chosen such that the circles which can be geometrically inscribed inside the base of the recesses have diameters smaller than the corresponding mean outside diameters less three times the standard deviation of the riser sleeves which are to be used. In this way the height of the sand ribs formed in the cavity by the recesses 6 is always such that a riser sleeve inserted into the cavity is gripped by the ribs. The riser sleeve is held fast by the sand ribs with sufficient force to withstand rough treatment likely to separate the sleeve from the cavity.
A raised rim 7 is present on top of the former 5 and is dimensioned so that the total height of the former 5 so formed is larger than the mean height plus three times the standard deviation of the riser sleeves which are to be used. By "mean height" of the riser sleeve the mean height of a particular type of riser sleeve is to be understood. Therefore the former 5 has an added length or is oversize with respect to the length or height of the riser sleeve which is to be inserted. As a result there remains after the insertion of the riser sleeve an empty annular cavity into which sand which is loosened during the insertion of the riser sleeve may fall. This ensures that the riser sleeve is aiways fixed at the desired depth.
An annular depression 7a is present within the rim 7 and is so dimensioned that the height of the former 5 up to the base of the annular depression 7a is smaller than the mean height less three times the standard deviation of the riser sleeves 1, 1 a which are to be used. As a result an annular sand pad is formed in the cavity produced by the former 5 and the height of the pad is sufficient for the pad to contact the top of even the shortest or lowest riser sleeve. With this arrangement a seal is achieved especially in the case of open riser sleeves, or when using capped sleeves which have been vented in the foundry, so that when the sleeves are used and filled with metal, metal cannot flow from above, behind the sleeves.
The annular depression 7a on its inside adjoins a surface 8 which lies above the level of the annular depression the height of the former to this surface 8 is larger than the mean height plus three times the standard deviation of the riser sleeves 1, 1 a which are to be used. By "mean height" here again the mean height of a particular type of riser sleeve is to be understood. As a result, after a riser sleeve 1 or 1 a has been inserted into the preformed cavity an air gap or a volume of air remains between the top end of the riser sleeve and the surface of the cavity opposite to the sleeve.
Figure 5 is a schematic representation showing a preformed cavity 9 formed by means of a former 5 according to the invention and in which cavity 9 has been inserted a riser sleeve 1. It is to be understood that the riser sleeve 1 is in close contact on its outer surface with the ribs which are formed on the inner surface of the preformed cavity 9 by means of the recesses 6 in the former.
In addition the cap 2 of the riser sleeve 1 is in contact with the annular pad which has been formed by the annular depression 7a in the former 5. Between the outside of the inserted riser sleeve 1 and the wall of the preformed cavity 9 there are several air cavities separated from one another by the vertical ribs but which are all connected one with another by means of the annular air cavity which is formed in the preformed cavity 9 by the rim 7 on the former 5. In addition, an air cavity exists between the cap 2 of the riser sleeve 1 and the opposite end wall of the preformed cavity 9 and is also to be seen in Figure 5.
In the example according to Figure 5 a riser sleeve 1 with breaker core 4 is used. Since the diameter of the breaker core 4, already described above, is larger than the lowermost outside diameter of the riser sleeve 1 a seal is formed between the projecting rim 4' of the breaker core 4 and, according to Figure 5, the lower end of the wall of the preformed cavity 9 when the riser sleeve 1 is inserted into the preformed cavity 9.
Figure 6 is an analogous view to Figure 5 but where a riser sleeve 1, which has no breaker core, is inserted. In order to achieve a seal between the outside of the riser sleeve 1 and the lower end of the wall of the preformed cavity 9 by the use of such a riser sleeve the outside diameter at the lower end of the former 5 is so narrowly shaped that when a riser sleeve 1 is inserted a sealing contact results between the outside of the riser sleeve and the wall of the preformed cavity 9.
Figure 7 is a schematic view of a section of a sand mould with a preformed cavity 9 in compacted moulding sand 10 and having sand ribs 11 formed by the recesses 6 in the former 5.
An annular rib 12 is formed by the rim 7, the cavity 7a and the surface 8 in the shape of the former 5.
Figure 8 is an analogous view to Figure 7 in which a riser sleeve 1 has been inserted into the
preformed cavity 9. It may be seen that to a
certain extent during insertion of the riser sleeve 1 the sand ribs 11 have been compressed or
pinched together so that a secure fit is ensured
between the outside of the riser sleeve 1 and the
ribs 11. 13 indicates that part of the sand ribs 11 with which the riser sleeve does not come into
contact. Sand 14 loosened during the insertion of
the riser sleeve 1 has fallen into the described
annular cavity where it does no harm.
Figure 8 shows once again the seal at the wall
of the preformed cavity 9 between the breaker
core 4 and the compacted moulding sand 10.
Claims (3)
1. A cavity former for use in the production of a
metal casting mould having a riser characterised
in that the exterior of the former has one or more
recesses extending between the top and towards
the bottom of the former and the former has a
negative taper from bottom to top.
2. A former according to claim 1 characterised in that it possesses at its top end a raised rim.
3. A former according to claim 2 characterised in that it possesses at its top end an annular depression.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2923393A DE2923393C2 (en) | 1979-06-08 | 1979-06-08 | Process for the production of casting molds with feeders |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8302265D0 GB8302265D0 (en) | 1983-03-02 |
GB2124527A true GB2124527A (en) | 1984-02-22 |
GB2124527B GB2124527B (en) | 1984-08-22 |
Family
ID=6072839
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8040648A Expired GB2065008B (en) | 1979-06-08 | 1980-04-28 | Method of making a cavity for holding an object such as a foundry riser sleeve and cavity former and sleeve for use therewith |
GB08302265A Expired GB2124527B (en) | 1979-06-08 | 1983-01-27 | Cavity former for use in the production of a metal casting mould having a riser |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8040648A Expired GB2065008B (en) | 1979-06-08 | 1980-04-28 | Method of making a cavity for holding an object such as a foundry riser sleeve and cavity former and sleeve for use therewith |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0029828B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5817696B2 (en) |
AT (1) | AT385439B (en) |
BR (1) | BR8008705A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1153185A (en) |
CH (1) | CH652624A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE2923393C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES492157A0 (en) |
GB (2) | GB2065008B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1165526B (en) |
MX (1) | MX154156A (en) |
NL (1) | NL176913C (en) |
SE (1) | SE440615B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1980002658A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1245792A1 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Coolable turbine shroud and process of manufacturing the shroud |
US6972059B1 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2005-12-06 | As Lungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Exothermic feeder |
CN104001861A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-08-27 | 常州南车汽车零部件有限公司 | Device and method for placing riser bush on tide mould cope |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2923393C2 (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1984-01-26 | Foseco International Ltd., Birmingham | Process for the production of casting molds with feeders |
DE3600847A1 (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-07-30 | Foseco Ges Fuer Chemisch Metal | METHOD, DEVICE AND FEEDING INSERTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CASTING MOLDS |
GB8624598D0 (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1986-11-19 | Foseco Int | Feeder sleeves |
GB9113121D0 (en) * | 1991-06-18 | 1991-08-07 | Foseco Int | Vertically parted mould having a feeder unit therein |
ES2134729B1 (en) | 1996-07-18 | 2000-05-16 | Kemen Recupac Sa | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN OBJECT APPLICATION FOR A SPANISH INVENTION PATENT N. 9601607 FOR "PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF EXACT SLEEVES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF MAZAROTAJE AND FEEDING FOR CAST MOLDS. |
DE19923779A1 (en) * | 1999-05-22 | 2000-11-23 | Luengen Gmbh & Co Kg As | Molding material used for cores in casting techniques contains a mineral refractory granular base material, a binder and a finely ground spheroidal additive |
CN105127372B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-08-15 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | A kind of Feeder Design method of big wall thickness semi-circular inner casing casting |
TR2022014215A2 (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-10-21 | Erkunt Sanayi Anonim Sirketi | EXOTHERMIC FEEDER PRODUCTION METHOD |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB884597A (en) * | 1958-01-20 | 1961-12-13 | Bayerische Berg Huetton Und Sa | An improved method of providing a sand casting mould with gates |
GB1065377A (en) * | 1963-11-29 | 1967-04-12 | Archer Daniels Midland Co | Moulding of exothermic compositions in foundry moulds |
WO1980002658A1 (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1980-12-11 | Foseco Int | Method of making a cavity for holding an object such as a foundry riser sleeve,and cavity former and sleeve for use therewith |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE874065C (en) * | 1939-07-15 | 1953-04-20 | Rudolf Rautenbach O H G | Process for feeding metal castings that solidify in molds |
FR2102644A5 (en) * | 1970-08-13 | 1972-04-07 | Daussan Henri | |
DE2146031A1 (en) * | 1971-09-15 | 1973-03-22 | Eduard Dipl Ing Baur | CASTING FORM AND CUP-SHAPED FUNNELS FOR CASTING FORMS |
DE2309016A1 (en) | 1973-02-23 | 1974-08-29 | Eduard Dr Ing Baur | Feeder insert in casting mould - defines surrounding cavity which becomes filled with melt during pouring |
JPS501033A (en) * | 1973-05-08 | 1975-01-08 | ||
US4131152A (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1978-12-26 | Foseco Trading Ag | Feeding unit for a casting |
GB1597832A (en) * | 1977-03-01 | 1981-09-09 | Foseco Trading Ag | Breaker core assembly for use in the casting of molten metals |
-
1979
- 1979-06-08 DE DE2923393A patent/DE2923393C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-08 DE DE19797916621U patent/DE7916621U1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-13 JP JP54118667A patent/JPS5817696B2/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-04-28 CH CH787/81A patent/CH652624A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-04-28 WO PCT/GB1980/000074 patent/WO1980002658A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1980-04-28 GB GB8040648A patent/GB2065008B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-04-28 BR BR8008705A patent/BR8008705A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-04-28 AT AT0905580A patent/AT385439B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-04-28 NL NLAANVRAGE8020142,A patent/NL176913C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-05-01 CA CA000351093A patent/CA1153185A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-04 ES ES492157A patent/ES492157A0/en active Granted
- 1980-06-06 MX MX182681A patent/MX154156A/en unknown
- 1980-06-06 IT IT67884/80A patent/IT1165526B/en active
- 1980-12-15 EP EP80900722A patent/EP0029828B1/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-01-28 SE SE8100572A patent/SE440615B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-01-27 GB GB08302265A patent/GB2124527B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB884597A (en) * | 1958-01-20 | 1961-12-13 | Bayerische Berg Huetton Und Sa | An improved method of providing a sand casting mould with gates |
GB1065377A (en) * | 1963-11-29 | 1967-04-12 | Archer Daniels Midland Co | Moulding of exothermic compositions in foundry moulds |
WO1980002658A1 (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1980-12-11 | Foseco Int | Method of making a cavity for holding an object such as a foundry riser sleeve,and cavity former and sleeve for use therewith |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6972059B1 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2005-12-06 | As Lungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Exothermic feeder |
EP1245792A1 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Coolable turbine shroud and process of manufacturing the shroud |
CN104001861A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-08-27 | 常州南车汽车零部件有限公司 | Device and method for placing riser bush on tide mould cope |
CN104001861B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-09-28 | 常州南车汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of tide mould mo(u)ld top half places riser buss device and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT385439B (en) | 1988-03-25 |
NL176913B (en) | 1985-02-01 |
BR8008705A (en) | 1981-04-28 |
JPS5817696B2 (en) | 1983-04-08 |
GB8302265D0 (en) | 1983-03-02 |
JPS55165255A (en) | 1980-12-23 |
MX154156A (en) | 1987-05-20 |
DE2923393A1 (en) | 1980-12-18 |
NL176913C (en) | 1985-07-01 |
IT1165526B (en) | 1987-04-22 |
SE440615B (en) | 1985-08-12 |
GB2065008A (en) | 1981-06-24 |
WO1980002658A1 (en) | 1980-12-11 |
EP0029828A1 (en) | 1981-06-10 |
ATA905580A (en) | 1987-09-15 |
CH652624A5 (en) | 1985-11-29 |
NL8020142A (en) | 1981-02-27 |
ES8101947A1 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
EP0029828B1 (en) | 1984-06-27 |
ES492157A0 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
GB2065008B (en) | 1983-09-01 |
IT8067884A0 (en) | 1980-06-06 |
DE7916621U1 (en) | 1981-07-09 |
DE2923393C2 (en) | 1984-01-26 |
SE8100572L (en) | 1981-01-28 |
GB2124527B (en) | 1984-08-22 |
CA1153185A (en) | 1983-09-06 |
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Effective date: 20000427 |