GB2109707A - Separating apparatus - Google Patents

Separating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2109707A
GB2109707A GB08233206A GB8233206A GB2109707A GB 2109707 A GB2109707 A GB 2109707A GB 08233206 A GB08233206 A GB 08233206A GB 8233206 A GB8233206 A GB 8233206A GB 2109707 A GB2109707 A GB 2109707A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
motion
component
vertical plane
figures
imparting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08233206A
Other versions
GB2109707B (en
Inventor
C F North
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOOTHAM NORTH ENGINEERING LIMI
Original Assignee
BOOTHAM NORTH ENGINEERING LIMI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BOOTHAM NORTH ENGINEERING LIMI filed Critical BOOTHAM NORTH ENGINEERING LIMI
Priority to GB8233206A priority Critical patent/GB2109707B/en
Publication of GB2109707A publication Critical patent/GB2109707A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2109707B publication Critical patent/GB2109707B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/005—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs the currents being pulsating, e.g. pneumatic jigs; combination of continuous and pulsating currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/02—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using swinging or shaking tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/10—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects
    • B07B13/11—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects involving travel of particles over surfaces which separate by centrifugal force or by relative friction between particles and such surfaces, e.g. helical sorters
    • B07B13/113—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects involving travel of particles over surfaces which separate by centrifugal force or by relative friction between particles and such surfaces, e.g. helical sorters shaking tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

Separating apparatus for separating mixtures having components of high and low density comprises an inclined perforated table on to which the mixture to be separated may be deposited, and means for imparting to the table a motion having a component in the vertical plane. A heavy fraction moves down the table and may be collected at the bottom while a light fraction moves up the table and may be collected at the top.

Description

SPECIFICATION Separator This invention relates to an apparatus for separating mixtures, in particular garbage mixtures, having components of high and low density.
In the treatment of waste products, for example industrial waste, domestic rubbish, or other forms of garbage, it is desirable to be able to separate certain components. For example ferrous metals may be separated by electro-magnetic means.
Such separation may serve two purposes, firstly the separated material might have some value in its own right, and secondly it may be necessary to remove certain materiai so as to prevent or minimise damage to subsequent processing apparatus.
A large proportion of garbage consists of paper, plastics, and other combustible materials. if this fraction can be separated and compacted or pelletised, it forms a useful industrial fuel.
However, machinery for compacting or pelletising such matter is expensive and is sensitive to the presence of hard bodies such as pieces of glass and the like.
The present invention seeks to provide a separating apparatus which is especially useful in separating light combustible fractions of garbage, such as paper and plastics, from denser components such as pieces of glass and metal.
According to the present invention there is provided a separating apparatus which comprises an inclined perforated table to which the mixture to be separated may be deposited, and means for imparting to the table a motion having a component in the vertical plane.
Preferably, the perforations in the table comprise at least 40% of the total surface area of the table. The purpose of the perforations is two- fold: firstly small particles or "fines" are effectively sieved out through the perforations, but, more importantly, as the table moves vertically downwardly a draught is created through the perforations which lifts lighter components of the mixture from the surface of the table and contributes substantially to the separation as will be described more fully hereinafter.
The means for imparting a motion to the table which has a vertical component may be provided by any suitable mechanical motion. For example, the table may be imparted by a circular motion in a vertical plane by means, for example of a crankshaft: the table may be given a rocking or pendulum motion: or the table may be given a reciprocating motion, the component in a vertical plans being provided by virtue of the inclination of the table to the horizontal.
In operation of the apparatus of the invention, if a mixture of materials to be separated is deposited on the table somewhat below the mid-point thereof, it is found that denser components, called "heavies", move down the table and may be collected at the bottom edge thereof whereas lighter components, or "lights", are moved up the table and may be collected at the top edge thereof. As already described, fines drop through the perforations and may be collected beneath the tabel below the point at which the mixture is fed on to the table. Thus the apparatus of the invention is capable of producing a three-fold separation of a mixture into heavies, lights and fines.
The apparatus of the invention is primarily, but not exclusively, intended for use in the separation of paper, plastics and other like combustible materials from domestic garbage. In a typical garbage treatment plant there may well be a rough preliminary classification, for example by screening, removing of ferrous metal by electromagnetic means, and then the shredding or comminuting of the remaining garbage. If it is desired to separate the combustible fraction for pelletising for use as an industrial fuel it is highly desirable to remove any remaining hard or dense particles such as glass, metal, or the iike. The apparatus of the invention is ideally suited to this.
The apparatus may also be used, for example in conjunction with a densifier, for the separation of good quality pellets or cubes from fines, preparation of animal feeds for densifying by separating such things as stones or metallic debris from hay or straw, and so forth.
The apparatus may have more than one, e.g.
two, tables one above the other to increase throughput speed. The latter form of the apparatus may also be used to produce different size fractions from the upper and lower tables.
The motion imparted to the table or tables can be adjusted to suit different feed stocks. For instance, where a large proportion of the feed is low density and contains a small quantity of large rejects then the motion should have a larger horizontal component to assist throughput.
Alternatively, where the feedstock consists of moist fines a greater vertical component of agitation is needed.
The invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side view of an apparatus constructed according to the invention; Figure 2 is a part section on arrows A, A of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a plan view of the apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 4 is an end elevational view, partly in section, of another embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 is a side view of the embodiment of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a similar view to Figure of a third embodiment; and Figure 7 is a section on line VIl-VIl in Figure 6.
Referring to the drawings, it can be seen from Figures 1 to 3 that the separating apparatus generally designated 10 comprises a perforated table 12 inclined at approximately 1 5O to the horizontal. The table 1 2 is mounted on shafts 14 driven through counter-balanced cranks 1 6 by means of a drive belt 18 from an electric motor 20. The table 12 is mounted within an housing 22 having an inlet opening 24 positioned approximately one third of the length of the table up from the lower end for receiving the material to be separated. Hoppers or the like may be positioned at appropriate points to collect the fractions separated.
When the apparatus of Figures 1 to 3 is set in motion a vertical circular motion is imparted to the inclined table 12. The motion imparted is indicated diagrammatically at 26 in Figure 1. The table 12 is perforated, as can be seen most clearly from Figure 3, and as it travels through the downward portion of its motion air passes upwards through the perforations raising light materials within the mixture above the table surface. iillhen the light material resettles during the upward part portion of the tables motion it does so at a point further toward the top of the table.This process is repeated and the light material therefore progresses toward the upper end of tno table, where it can be collected. | This process nay be assisted by positioning a fan to blow air upwardly across the top surface of the abe thus assisting the "climbing" action imparted to the light materials by the table itself.
Heavy materials, on the other hand are unaffected by the various air flows and these roll downwards to be collected at the bottom edge of the table 12. Any fine materials within the mixture to be separated fall through the perforations and are collected beneath the input hopper 24. In order to effect a useful separation, the throw of the upward component of the motion of the table must be substantial, and in the example shown the total vertical movement of the table is 140 mm. However, throws in the range of 50 to 200 mm have been found suitable.
Referring now to Figures 4 and 5 in which like nurnerals denote like parts, it can be seen that two tables 12 and 12' are provided each having perrorations of a different size, the upper table having the larger. In this way five fractions can be obtained from the mixture.
In Figures 4 and 5 a different form of motion is imparted to the table 12, which is suspended from swinying arms 28 and is driven by means of a reciprocating shaft itself driven by means of a crank; powered by an electric motor. This imparts a rocking or pendulum motion to the table, rather than the full circular motion imparted by the drive mechanism of Figures 1 to 3, but has been to effect satisfactory separation. In a further modification of the drive system the table can itself be its own crankshaft being driven at the lower end by a rotary drive and resting on roller means at the upper end.In this configuration a circular motion is imparted to the lower end of the table which becomes elliptical, and progressively flatter, at points up the table until it becomes ai.most reciprocatory at the upper end.
It will be appreciated that various other motions can be imparted to the table within the scope of the present invention. However, it has been found that the perforntions within the table form an essential part of the apparatus, without which separation does not occur in any marked degree. If the table 12 in any of the embodiments described above is replaced by an imperforate board there is little or no upward motion of the light particles and the desired separation is not effected.
Furthermore, in order to assist the air-flow through the perforated table 12, an imperforate plate may be positioned below it so that as the table approaches the plate on its downward stroke air is "squeezed" through the perforations enhancing their effect. The plate may be fixed in position, or may be driven to move out of phase with the table to create a true "bellows" effect between the two.
In a further form of drive motion for the apparatus of the invention it is envisaged that a circular motion could be imparted to the perforate table by means of a crank-shaft and connecting rods, the connecting rods incorporating a spring and damper suspension mechanism. If the quantity of material is large and the density high, the weight of the tables can be taken on suspension springs (like a trampoline) leaving the drive mechanism to impart th3 moticn without supporting the weight of the table.
Figures 6 and 7 i,'lustrate another form of the apparatus in which two tables 12 and 12' are provided, but in which the drive motion is different again. The lower table 12 is pivotally attached at 50 to a connecting rod 52 which has an extension at 54 slidably engaging in a bearing 56 pivotally mounted at 68. The connecting rod 52 is pivotally attached eccentrically at 60 to a drive disc 62 driven by means of a belt 64 from a motor 66. A chain drive 68 connects the two drive discs 62.
Rotation of the drive discs 62 by means of a motor 66 imparts a motion to the tables 12 and 12' in the form of an elipse with a flattened vertical component. By varying the position of mounting of the drive discs 62, for example by means of packings beneath it, the geometry of the drive motion can be aitered to increase or decrease the vertical component of the movement.

Claims (10)

1. A separating apparatus which comprises an inclined perforated table on to which the mixture to be separated may be deposited, and means for imparting to the table a motion having a component in the vertical plane.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the perforations in the table comprise at least 40% of the total surface area of the table.
3. An apparatus as claimed in either of claims 1 or 2 in which the means for imparting to the table a moron having a component in the vertical plane comprises a crank shaft giving the table a circular motion in the vertical plane.
4. An apparatus as claimed in either of claims 1 or 2 in which the table is given a rocking or pendulum motion having a component in the vertical plane.
5. An apparatus as claimed in either of claims 1 or 2 in which the table is given a reciprocating motion, the component in the vertical plane being provided by virtue of the inclination of the table to the horizontal.
6. An apparatus as claimed in either of claims 1 or 2 in which the means for imparting to the table a motion having a component in the vertical plane is adjustable to impart a motion in the form of an ellipse flattened in the vertical direction, the vertical component of the elliptical motion being adjustable.
7. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 in which two or more tables are provided one above the other.
8. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 in which an imperforate plate may be positioned below the table so that as the table approaches the plate on its downward stroke air is forced through the perforations in the table.
9. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in which the weight of the table is supported on hanging support springs.
10. An apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, Figures 4 and 5, and Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
GB8233206A 1981-11-21 1982-11-22 Separating apparatus Expired GB2109707B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8233206A GB2109707B (en) 1981-11-21 1982-11-22 Separating apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8135126 1981-11-21
GB8233206A GB2109707B (en) 1981-11-21 1982-11-22 Separating apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2109707A true GB2109707A (en) 1983-06-08
GB2109707B GB2109707B (en) 1985-08-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2131329A (en) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-20 Soichi Yamamoto Method of grain separation and a vibratory grain separator for use with rice-hulling apparatus
EP0139783A1 (en) * 1983-11-01 1985-05-08 Ventilatorenfabrik Oelde Gmbh Device for processing scrap, waste or the like
EP0155180A2 (en) * 1984-03-15 1985-09-18 MASON & NORTH ENGINEERING LIMITED Separator
FR2577448A1 (en) * 1985-02-15 1986-08-22 Goyvaertz Catherine Device for sorting waste and drying the most combustible fractions thereof
EP0243819A2 (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-11-04 Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. Method of and device for fractionating a heterogeneous mixture of solid materials
AT386767B (en) * 1986-10-24 1988-10-10 Voest Alpine Ag Ballistic sifter
ES2127070A1 (en) * 1995-09-04 1999-04-01 Borrell Collado Jose Machine for cleaning foreign bodies, for almonds and other nuts
EP1188491A1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-20 Trienekens AG Process for sorting a plastics mixture out of a waste mixture and waste sorting installation
ES2584425A1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2016-09-27 Ricardo ALONSO PÉREZ Waste separation device (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2131329A (en) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-20 Soichi Yamamoto Method of grain separation and a vibratory grain separator for use with rice-hulling apparatus
EP0139783A1 (en) * 1983-11-01 1985-05-08 Ventilatorenfabrik Oelde Gmbh Device for processing scrap, waste or the like
EP0155180A2 (en) * 1984-03-15 1985-09-18 MASON & NORTH ENGINEERING LIMITED Separator
EP0155180A3 (en) * 1984-03-15 1986-04-02 MASON & NORTH ENGINEERING LIMITED Separator
FR2577448A1 (en) * 1985-02-15 1986-08-22 Goyvaertz Catherine Device for sorting waste and drying the most combustible fractions thereof
EP0243819A2 (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-11-04 Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. Method of and device for fractionating a heterogeneous mixture of solid materials
EP0243819A3 (en) * 1986-04-28 1988-12-28 Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. Method of and device for fractionating a heterogeneous mixture of solid materials
AT386767B (en) * 1986-10-24 1988-10-10 Voest Alpine Ag Ballistic sifter
ES2127070A1 (en) * 1995-09-04 1999-04-01 Borrell Collado Jose Machine for cleaning foreign bodies, for almonds and other nuts
EP1188491A1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-20 Trienekens AG Process for sorting a plastics mixture out of a waste mixture and waste sorting installation
ES2584425A1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2016-09-27 Ricardo ALONSO PÉREZ Waste separation device (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2016151176A1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2016-09-29 Alonso Pérez Ricardo Waste separator device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2109707B (en) 1985-08-07

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee