GB2089951A - Heat Exchanger for the Generation of Steam - Google Patents

Heat Exchanger for the Generation of Steam Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2089951A
GB2089951A GB8134154A GB8134154A GB2089951A GB 2089951 A GB2089951 A GB 2089951A GB 8134154 A GB8134154 A GB 8134154A GB 8134154 A GB8134154 A GB 8134154A GB 2089951 A GB2089951 A GB 2089951A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
gas
chamber
entry
water
conduits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB8134154A
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GB2089951B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Borsig GmbH
Original Assignee
Borsig GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Borsig GmbH filed Critical Borsig GmbH
Publication of GB2089951A publication Critical patent/GB2089951A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2089951B publication Critical patent/GB2089951B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0447—Apparatus other than synthesis reactors
    • C01C1/0452—Heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/021—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes in which flows a non-specified heating fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

A heat exchanger for the generation of steam in an ammonia synthesis plant comprises U-shaped gas conduits (7) for heat exchange between hot ammonia gas at high pressure in the conduits and water at high pressure around the conduits. The water is conducted through a water-steam chamber (9) which is separated by means of a plate (8) from a gas entry chamber (3) and a gas exit chamber (12) surrounding the entry chamber (3). The entry chamber for the entry of hot ammonia gas for the conduits is disposed at a spacing in front of the plate (8) and substantially centrally within the exit chamber (12). Inserted feed tubes (5), which are welded into bores, are provided for one end of each of the conduits welded into the plate. The entry and exit ends of the conduits are arranged alternatively in rows. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Heat Exchanger The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and has particular reference to a heat exchanger for the generation of steam in an ammonia synthesis plant by heat exchange between hot ammonia gas at high pressure and water at high pressure.
In a heat exchanger for such a purpose, in which ammonia is to be cooled from about 450 to 500 C at about 200 to 300 bar to about 300 to 4500C by water at about 100 to 120 bar, it is necessary to prevent a corrosive effect on the exchanger by ammonia gas at temperatures above 370 to 380cm. To fulfil this requirement, it is known to conduct hot ammonia gas through a central feed tube to a connected bell which is connected in gas-tight manner with a nitrationresistant plating of the tube plate, wherein Utubes of the heat exchanger consist of nitrationresistant material (DE-PS 20 07 528). However, nitration-resistant tubes are sensitive to tension crack damage at the side of the water.
There is accordingly a need for a heat exchanger in which ferrite material can be used for gas conduits and other parts of the exchanger.
According to the present invention there is provided a heat exchanger for heat exchange between high pressure water and hot high pressure ammonia gas, comprising means defining a gas entry chamber, means defining a gas exit chamber so arranged that the entry chamber is disposed substantially centrally within the exit chamber, means defining a water-steam chamber separated from the exit chamber by wall means provided with a plurality of openings arranged in rows, a plurality of substantially Ushaped gas conduits arranged in the water-steam chamber and each having a gas entry end and a gas exit end which are each connected to the wall means to communicate with a respective one of the openings, the entry end openings and the exit end openings alternating in each of the rows, and a plurality of gas feed pipes each communicating with the entry chamber and with a respective one of the conduits at the entry end thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, entry of the hot ammonia gas into the conduits is by way of a gas entry chamber, which is drawn forward with respect to the wall means, for example a tube plate, and which is disposed substantially centrally within the gas exit chamber. The feed pipes preferably comprise plug-in tubes, welded into bores, for half of the ends of the conduits welded into the tube plate, wherein the ends of the conduits are so disposed one beside the other in the tube plate that only one gas entry end is always arranged each time beside a gas exit end in the resulting rows.
To ensure that the ends of the conduits and the tube plate for the feed of the hot ammonia assume the highest temperature of about 300 to 3500C, which corresponds to the temperature of the cooled ammonia gas and which prevents nitration of the tube plate and of the conduits, the plug-in tubes preferably each comprise a main portion of smaller external diameter than the internal diameter of the associated conduit and at its free end has an enlargement which is connected in gas-tight manner with the internal wall of the conduit behind-as seen in flow direction of the gas entry-the tube plate in the interior of the water-steam chamber, the conduit and plug-in tube main portion forming an annular gap from the enlargement to tne gas side of the tube plate.
The advantages provided by such an arrangement are that through the particular disposition of the conduits with the plug-in tubes, a more uniform temperature of the entire tube plate is achieved at the level of the exit temperature of the cooled down ammonia gas and nitration of the tube plate and conduits is avoided.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be more particularly described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a heat exchanger according to the said embodiment, Fig. 2 is a cross-section along the line Il-Il of Fig. and Fig. 3 is a detail, to an enlarged scale, of the region X in 1.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a heat exchanger in which hot ammonia gas enters through a stub pipe 1 in the direction of arrow 2, into a nitration-resistant, drawn-forward gas entry chamber 3. The gas then passes in the direction of arrows 4 into nitration-resistant plugin tubes 5, which are each welded at one end to the wall of the entry chamber 3 and connected at the other end in a gas-tight manner, by way of an enlargement 6, to the internal wall surface of an entry end portion of a respective one of a plurality of U-shaped gas tubes 7 of ferritic material. The tubes are welded into a ferritic tube plate 8 and are arranged in a water-steam chamber 9 to be immersed in water. The entry end portions of the tubes 7 form with the tubes 5 annular gaps 10 which, in consequence of the position of the enlargements 6 in the water-steam chamber 9, extend into the water-steam chamber. The cooled-down ammonia gas flows in direction of the arrows 11 out of the tubes 7 into a gas exit chamber 12 and leave this chamber in direction of the arrow 13 through a stub pipe 14. Cooling water is introduced in direction of the arros 1 5 through a stub pipe 1 6 into the water-steam chamber 9 and leaves it as steam in direction of the arrow 1 7 through a stub pipe 18.
Claims
1. A heat exchanger for heat exchange between high pressure water and hot high pressure ammonia gas, comprising means defining a gas entry chamber, means defining a
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (4)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Heat Exchanger The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and has particular reference to a heat exchanger for the generation of steam in an ammonia synthesis plant by heat exchange between hot ammonia gas at high pressure and water at high pressure. In a heat exchanger for such a purpose, in which ammonia is to be cooled from about 450 to 500 C at about 200 to 300 bar to about 300 to 4500C by water at about 100 to 120 bar, it is necessary to prevent a corrosive effect on the exchanger by ammonia gas at temperatures above 370 to 380cm. To fulfil this requirement, it is known to conduct hot ammonia gas through a central feed tube to a connected bell which is connected in gas-tight manner with a nitrationresistant plating of the tube plate, wherein Utubes of the heat exchanger consist of nitrationresistant material (DE-PS 20 07 528). However, nitration-resistant tubes are sensitive to tension crack damage at the side of the water. There is accordingly a need for a heat exchanger in which ferrite material can be used for gas conduits and other parts of the exchanger. According to the present invention there is provided a heat exchanger for heat exchange between high pressure water and hot high pressure ammonia gas, comprising means defining a gas entry chamber, means defining a gas exit chamber so arranged that the entry chamber is disposed substantially centrally within the exit chamber, means defining a water-steam chamber separated from the exit chamber by wall means provided with a plurality of openings arranged in rows, a plurality of substantially Ushaped gas conduits arranged in the water-steam chamber and each having a gas entry end and a gas exit end which are each connected to the wall means to communicate with a respective one of the openings, the entry end openings and the exit end openings alternating in each of the rows, and a plurality of gas feed pipes each communicating with the entry chamber and with a respective one of the conduits at the entry end thereof. In a preferred embodiment, entry of the hot ammonia gas into the conduits is by way of a gas entry chamber, which is drawn forward with respect to the wall means, for example a tube plate, and which is disposed substantially centrally within the gas exit chamber. The feed pipes preferably comprise plug-in tubes, welded into bores, for half of the ends of the conduits welded into the tube plate, wherein the ends of the conduits are so disposed one beside the other in the tube plate that only one gas entry end is always arranged each time beside a gas exit end in the resulting rows. To ensure that the ends of the conduits and the tube plate for the feed of the hot ammonia assume the highest temperature of about 300 to 3500C, which corresponds to the temperature of the cooled ammonia gas and which prevents nitration of the tube plate and of the conduits, the plug-in tubes preferably each comprise a main portion of smaller external diameter than the internal diameter of the associated conduit and at its free end has an enlargement which is connected in gas-tight manner with the internal wall of the conduit behind-as seen in flow direction of the gas entry-the tube plate in the interior of the water-steam chamber, the conduit and plug-in tube main portion forming an annular gap from the enlargement to tne gas side of the tube plate. The advantages provided by such an arrangement are that through the particular disposition of the conduits with the plug-in tubes, a more uniform temperature of the entire tube plate is achieved at the level of the exit temperature of the cooled down ammonia gas and nitration of the tube plate and conduits is avoided. An embodiment of the present invention will now be more particularly described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a heat exchanger according to the said embodiment, Fig. 2 is a cross-section along the line Il-Il of Fig. and Fig. 3 is a detail, to an enlarged scale, of the region X in 1. Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a heat exchanger in which hot ammonia gas enters through a stub pipe 1 in the direction of arrow 2, into a nitration-resistant, drawn-forward gas entry chamber 3. The gas then passes in the direction of arrows 4 into nitration-resistant plugin tubes 5, which are each welded at one end to the wall of the entry chamber 3 and connected at the other end in a gas-tight manner, by way of an enlargement 6, to the internal wall surface of an entry end portion of a respective one of a plurality of U-shaped gas tubes 7 of ferritic material. The tubes are welded into a ferritic tube plate 8 and are arranged in a water-steam chamber 9 to be immersed in water.The entry end portions of the tubes 7 form with the tubes 5 annular gaps 10 which, in consequence of the position of the enlargements 6 in the water-steam chamber 9, extend into the water-steam chamber. The cooled-down ammonia gas flows in direction of the arrows 11 out of the tubes 7 into a gas exit chamber 12 and leave this chamber in direction of the arrow 13 through a stub pipe 14. Cooling water is introduced in direction of the arros 1 5 through a stub pipe 1 6 into the water-steam chamber 9 and leaves it as steam in direction of the arrow 1 7 through a stub pipe 18. Claims
1. A heat exchanger for heat exchange between high pressure water and hot high pressure ammonia gas, comprising means defining a gas entry chamber, means defining a gas exit chamber so arranged that the entry chamber is disposed substantially centrally within the exit chamber, means defining a water-steam chamber separated from the exit chamber by wall means provided with a plurality of openings arranged in rows, a plurality of substantially Ushaped gas conduits arranged in the water-steam chamber and each having a gas entry end and a gas exit end which are each connected to the wall means to communicate with a respective one of the openings, the entry end openings and the exit end openings alternating in each of the rows, and a plurality of gas feed pipes each communicating with the entry chamber and with a respective one of the conduits at the entry end thereof.
2. A heat exchanger as claimed in clam 1, wherein each of the feed pipes is secured in a bore in said means defining the entry chamber and is inserted into the associated conduit at the entry end thereof.
3. A heat exchanger as claimed in claim 2, wherein each of the feed pipes comprises a main portion having an external diameter smaller then the internal diameter of the associated gas conduit, and an enlarged end portion which is connected in a gas-tight manner to the internal wall surface of the conduit and so positioned in a section to the conduit inside the water-steam chamber that an annular space is formed between the internal wall surface of the conduit and the external surface of the pipe main portion to extend from the pipe end portion to the distal side of said wall means.
4. A heat exchanger substantially as hereinuefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB8134154A 1980-12-23 1981-11-12 Heat exchanger for the generation of steam Expired GB2089951B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3049409A DE3049409C2 (en) 1980-12-23 1980-12-23 Equipment for steam generation in ammonia synthesis plants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2089951A true GB2089951A (en) 1982-06-30
GB2089951B GB2089951B (en) 1984-04-26

Family

ID=6120499

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8134154A Expired GB2089951B (en) 1980-12-23 1981-11-12 Heat exchanger for the generation of steam

Country Status (8)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6038334B2 (en)
AT (1) AT382705B (en)
DE (1) DE3049409C2 (en)
ES (1) ES8302882A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2496843B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2089951B (en)
IT (1) IT1140363B (en)
NL (1) NL180134C (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0274006A1 (en) * 1986-12-06 1988-07-13 Uhde GmbH Device for heat exchange between a circulation gas leaving an NH3 converter and water
US5236671A (en) * 1990-09-24 1993-08-17 C. F. Braun, Inc. Apparatus for ammonia synthesis
WO2009156085A3 (en) * 2008-06-26 2010-08-26 Haldor Topsøe A/S Process for the production of ammonia and stream superheater
CN102620580A (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-01 赫多特普索化工设备公司 Heat exchanger
CN103344138A (en) * 2013-07-15 2013-10-09 江苏七政新能源有限公司 Multi-tube type cooler
US11054196B2 (en) 2017-05-26 2021-07-06 Alfa Laval Olmi S.P.A. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3302304A1 (en) * 1983-01-25 1984-07-26 Borsig Gmbh, 1000 Berlin HEAT EXCHANGER FOR COOLING HOT GASES, ESPECIALLY FROM THE AMMONIA SYNTHESIS
DE3642673C1 (en) * 1986-12-13 1988-01-21 Borsig Gmbh Heat exchanger for cooling gases from ammonia synthesis
DE102010040278A1 (en) * 2010-09-06 2012-03-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger e.g. steam generator used in nuclear plant, has perforated plate whose surface is divided into hot and cold regions, such that heat transfer medium flows through passages in opposite directions
CN104729824B (en) * 2015-03-12 2017-06-30 中国科学院力学研究所 A kind of heat-exchanger rig and its building method for cooling down High Mach number nozzle throat

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR927657A (en) * 1946-06-05 1947-11-05 Babcock & Wilcox France Improvements to tubular heat exchangers
US3083833A (en) * 1959-05-20 1963-04-02 Bendix Corp Fuel heater-filter combination
DE2007528C3 (en) * 1970-02-19 1973-10-25 Friedrich Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund Device for heat exchange in ammonia synthesis plants
DE2804187C2 (en) * 1978-02-01 1980-04-03 L. & C. Steinmueller Gmbh, 5270 Gummersbach Heat exchanger with hanging U-tubes embedded in a plate for cooling process gases under high pressure and high temperature
US4191246A (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-03-04 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Device to reduce local heat flux through a heat exchanger tube

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0274006A1 (en) * 1986-12-06 1988-07-13 Uhde GmbH Device for heat exchange between a circulation gas leaving an NH3 converter and water
US5236671A (en) * 1990-09-24 1993-08-17 C. F. Braun, Inc. Apparatus for ammonia synthesis
WO2009156085A3 (en) * 2008-06-26 2010-08-26 Haldor Topsøe A/S Process for the production of ammonia and stream superheater
US8261700B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2012-09-11 Haldor Topsoe A/S Steam superheater
CN102620580A (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-01 赫多特普索化工设备公司 Heat exchanger
RU2599889C2 (en) * 2011-01-31 2016-10-20 Хальдор Топсеэ А/С Heat exchanger with u-shaped tubes, method of heat exchange between heat carrier and coolant and use of heat exchanger with u-shaped tubes
CN102620580B (en) * 2011-01-31 2016-12-14 赫多特普索化工设备公司 Heat exchanger
EP2482020B1 (en) 2011-01-31 2019-09-04 Haldor Topsøe A/S Heat exchanger
US10767942B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2020-09-08 Haldor Topsoe A/S Heat exchanger
EP2482020B2 (en) † 2011-01-31 2022-12-21 Haldor Topsøe A/S Heat exchanger
CN103344138A (en) * 2013-07-15 2013-10-09 江苏七政新能源有限公司 Multi-tube type cooler
US11054196B2 (en) 2017-05-26 2021-07-06 Alfa Laval Olmi S.P.A. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES506988A0 (en) 1982-12-16
AT382705B (en) 1987-04-10
NL180134B (en) 1986-08-01
IT1140363B (en) 1986-09-24
ES8302882A1 (en) 1982-12-16
DE3049409A1 (en) 1982-07-22
ATA432081A (en) 1986-08-15
JPS57129821A (en) 1982-08-12
NL180134C (en) 1987-01-02
FR2496843B1 (en) 1987-06-26
DE3049409C2 (en) 1983-12-01
FR2496843A1 (en) 1982-06-25
GB2089951B (en) 1984-04-26
IT8125674A0 (en) 1981-12-18
JPS6038334B2 (en) 1985-08-31
NL8104758A (en) 1982-07-16

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19931112