GB2089725A - Inhibition of water ingress into rubber bodies - Google Patents
Inhibition of water ingress into rubber bodies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2089725A GB2089725A GB8041176A GB8041176A GB2089725A GB 2089725 A GB2089725 A GB 2089725A GB 8041176 A GB8041176 A GB 8041176A GB 8041176 A GB8041176 A GB 8041176A GB 2089725 A GB2089725 A GB 2089725A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- body according
- layer
- rubber
- film
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009459 flexible packaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/12—Polyvinylhalogenides containing fluorine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L2011/047—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with a diffusion barrier layer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
A rubber body (such as a braid- reinforced hydraulic hose) of water- permeable rubber has a water barrier layer comprising a pre-formed metal- plastics laminate. The laminate preferably comprises a self-supporting plastics film with a vacuum-deposited metal layer; when the body is a hydraulic hose, the laminate is preferably a tape wrapped helically about the hose, between separate layers of reinforcing braid. Water ingress is substantially less than when a plastics film which is metallised in situ is used.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Inhibition of water ingress into rubber bodies
The present invention is concerned with the inhibition of water (or water vapour) ingress into rubber bodies, such as rubber hoses, and thus with the inhibition of permeation of such rubber bodies by water or water vapour.
It would be desirable to inhibit water or water vapour ingress into certain rubber bodies, such as, in particular, rubber hydraulic hoses. Water or water vapour permeating into hydraulic fluid present in a hydraulic hose tends to vaporise and to reduce the boiling point of the hydraulic fluid. When the hose is a brake hose, the heat generated on braking causes the hydraulic fluid to vaporise at a relatively low level of braking; the resulting vaporised hydraulic fluid and water vapour causes reduced hydrostatic pressure transmission between brake master cylinder and wheel brake actuators and consequent impairment of the safety of the braking system.
The problem of water or water vapour ingress is particularly severe when the rubber hose is steam cured, especially when the hose is braided with rayon, as the hose then absorbs moisture during the steam-curing process. The resulting absorbed moisture can readily permeate into the hydraulic fluid, even if further ingress of water or water vapour is inhibited (for example, by operation substantially in the absence of external water).
Various means of inhibiting permeation of rubber bodies by water and, more particularly, by water vapour, might be proposed, such as:
a) the use of a rubber which is intrinsically resistant to permeation by water and water vapour,
b) the provision of a water-absorbent material,
c) the inclusion of lamellar or flaked filler in the rubber, or
d) the provision of a barrier layer.
Rubbers which are intrinsically resistant to permeation by water and water vapour are generally more expensive than rubbers such as natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber and are therefore not preferred, while the provision of a water-absorbent material is difficult to implement. The inclusion of flakes in a rubber tends to impairthe mechanical properties of the rubber, such as its tear resistance; this is particularly serious when the rubber is in the form of a thin body. We have therefore investigated the feasibility of providing a barrier layer.
For simplicity of operation, it would be desirable to provide a barrier layer in the form of a coating on the rubber body. We have therefore attempted to coat rubber hoses with a variety of materials, such as a vacuum deposited aluminium or silicon oxide layer, or a layer of polyvinylidene chloride (the latter being sometimes referred to as PVDC or polyvinylidene dichloride, and being a known relatively waterimpermeable polymer). Such coatings resulted in little or no decrease in water ingress into the rubber hoses.
In case this was because of coating problems, a layer of polyvinylidene chloride latex was applied to braided rubber hose prior to application of the conventional cover; surprisingly, such hose suffered slightly greater water ingress than a similar hose without the polyvinylidene chloride layer.
In another attempt to provide a barrier layer for rubber hose, lengths of the hose were wrapped with polyvinylidene chloride film. Although some decrease in water ingress resulted, the amount of decrease was disappointing. Even when the resulting wrapped hose was aluminised with a view to further inhibit water ingress, little further decrease in water ingress resulted.
We have now found that if a pre-formed metalplastics laminate is applied to the rubber, the amount of water or water vapour ingress is surprisingly considerably less than would be expected from the above-described experiments with polyvinylidene chloride film wrapping which is aluminised in situ.
According to the invention, therefore, there is provided a water-permeable rubber body having applied thereto a pre-formed metal-plastics laminate. The laminate preferably covers substantially all the rubber surface of the body.
The metal-plastics laminate comprises at least one metal layer and at least one plastics layer; the metal layer may be a thin foil or, preferably, a vacuumdeposited layer, and the plastics layer may be a self-supporting film or film laminate or a coating layer (when the metal layer is a thin film). Such a coating layer may be applied from an aqueous or organic solution or an aqueous suspension.
The thickness of all layers of the laminate should be as thin as possible consistent with the required water-impermeability and mechanical strength; for example, when the metal layer is of aluminium foil, it is generally of a thickness conventionally used for flexible packaging, such as about 5 to 10 microns.
Similarly, when the plastics layer is a self-supporting film or film laminate, this is generally of a thickness conventionally used for flexible packaging, such as about 20 to 50 microns.
The metal-plastics laminate generally includes at least one layer of plastics material chosen for its barrier properties; such a material is generally a crystalline polymer and has a permeability of less than about 1600 x 1010 cc/cm2/mm/sec/cm Hg at 25 C and 90% relative humidity, measured as described by F. A. Paine in the Journal of the Royal
Institute of Chemistry 1962, Vol. 86, pages 263 to 269. Examples of advantageous polymers with particularly low permeability are polyvinylidene chloride and polychlorotrifluoroethylene; of these, polyvinylidene chloride is less expensive and therefore preferred. Other suitable such crystalline polymers include, for example, polyesters (such as polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene (high or low density) and polypropylene.
Preferred features of the present invention will now be described with particular reference to rubber hydraulic hoses.
The pre-formed metal-plastics laminate is preferably applied to the rubber hose by wrapping; this may be after.application of the braid or, more preferably, between separate reinforcing braids. It is particularly preferred that the pre-formed laminate is used in the form of a tape which is wrapped helically around the hose (preferably around a first braid before application of a second braid). The edges of the helically wrapped tape are preferably overlapped and, more preferably, heat-sealed.
The use of the above-mentioned pre-formed laminate is particularly advantageous when a waterabsorbent braiding material, for example, of rayon, is used.
The wrapped laminate, which preferably has a heat-sealable plastics surface layer and is heatsealed after application, may be, for example, of aluminium foil laminated to polyethylene film orto polypropylene film coated on both surfaces by polyvinylidene chloride (the latter type of film being available commercially under the Trade Mark Vic lan), a polyester or Viclan film aluminised on both faces (the aluminium layers being optionally coated, for example, by polyethylene or Viclan layers).
When an aluminised film is employed, the aluminium layer may be further coated with a vacuum deposited layer of silicon oxide (such silicon oxide layers are used commercially on aluminised layers to prevent dulling thereof caused by humidity).
The hose to which the pre-formed laminate has been applied according to the invention is preferably provided with a conventional outer casing of, for example, neoprene rubber.
The present invention has been described with particular reference to rubber hoses, but the invention is applicable to other rubber bodies which are subject to ingress of water or water vapour, particularly such bodies which are steam-cured and/or rayon reinforced. Examples of such bodies are membranes such as those used in automobile gas springs or gas-filled hydraulic accumulators (such as those made by Greer-Mercier Co.).
CLAIMS (Filed 22.12.81)
1. A body of water-permeable rubber having a barrier layer for inhibiting water ingress into the rubber body, in which the barrier layer is a preformed laminate comprising at least one metal layer and at least one plastics layer.
2. A body according to claim 1, in which the plastics layer is a self-supporting film or film laminate.
3. A body according to claim 2, in which the metal layer is a vacuum-deposited layer present on the film or film laminate.
4. A body according to claim 3, in which the vacuum-deposited layer is of aluminium.
5. A body according to any of claims 1 to 4, in which the plastics layer comprises a crystalline polymer.
6. A body according to claim 5, in which the crystalline polymer has a permeability of less than 1600 x 1010 cc/cm2/mm/sec/cm Hg at 250C and 90% relative humidity.
7. A body according to claim 6, in which the polymer is polyvinylidene chloride or polychlorotriifluoroethylene.
8. A body according to any of claims 1 to 7, which is a hydraulic hose.
9. A body according to claim 8, in which the barrier layer is in the form of a tape wrapped helically around the hose.
10. A body according to claim 9, in which the edges of the helically wrapped tape are overlapped and heat-sealed to form a single continuous overlap ping joint.
11. A body according to any of claims 8 to 10, in which the hose has reinforcing braids.
12. A body according to claim 11, in which the reinforcing braids are of water-absorbent material.
13. A body according to claim 11 or 12, in which the barrier layer is present between separate layers of reinforcing braid.
14. A body according to any of claims 1 to 13, in which the rubber is steam-cured.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (14)
1. A body of water-permeable rubber having a barrier layer for inhibiting water ingress into the rubber body, in which the barrier layer is a preformed laminate comprising at least one metal layer and at least one plastics layer.
2. A body according to claim 1, in which the plastics layer is a self-supporting film or film laminate.
3. A body according to claim 2, in which the metal layer is a vacuum-deposited layer present on the film or film laminate.
4. A body according to claim 3, in which the vacuum-deposited layer is of aluminium.
5. A body according to any of claims 1 to 4, in which the plastics layer comprises a crystalline polymer.
6. A body according to claim 5, in which the crystalline polymer has a permeability of less than 1600 x 1010 cc/cm2/mm/sec/cm Hg at 250C and 90% relative humidity.
7. A body according to claim 6, in which the polymer is polyvinylidene chloride or polychlorotriifluoroethylene.
8. A body according to any of claims 1 to 7, which is a hydraulic hose.
9. A body according to claim 8, in which the barrier layer is in the form of a tape wrapped helically around the hose.
10. A body according to claim 9, in which the edges of the helically wrapped tape are overlapped and heat-sealed to form a single continuous overlap ping joint.
11. A body according to any of claims 8 to 10, in which the hose has reinforcing braids.
12. A body according to claim 11, in which the reinforcing braids are of water-absorbent material.
13. A body according to claim 11 or 12, in which the barrier layer is present between separate layers of reinforcing braid.
14. A body according to any of claims 1 to 13, in which the rubber is steam-cured.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8041176A GB2089725A (en) | 1980-12-23 | 1980-12-23 | Inhibition of water ingress into rubber bodies |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8041176A GB2089725A (en) | 1980-12-23 | 1980-12-23 | Inhibition of water ingress into rubber bodies |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2089725A true GB2089725A (en) | 1982-06-30 |
Family
ID=10518191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8041176A Withdrawn GB2089725A (en) | 1980-12-23 | 1980-12-23 | Inhibition of water ingress into rubber bodies |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2089725A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2579290A1 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-26 | Technoform Caprano Brunnhofer | FUEL LINE OF PREDETERMINED LENGTH FOR REMAINING INSTALLATION IN A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| EP0262218A1 (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1988-04-06 | Mobil Plastics Europ | Polypropylene films. |
| GB2328727A (en) * | 1997-09-01 | 1999-03-03 | Draftex Ind Ltd | Fluid transporting pipe with metallic layer |
| EP1197700A3 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2004-01-02 | Kludi GmbH & Co. KG | Hose, in particular for sanitary installations |
-
1980
- 1980-12-23 GB GB8041176A patent/GB2089725A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2579290A1 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-26 | Technoform Caprano Brunnhofer | FUEL LINE OF PREDETERMINED LENGTH FOR REMAINING INSTALLATION IN A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| EP0262218A1 (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1988-04-06 | Mobil Plastics Europ | Polypropylene films. |
| EP0262218A4 (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1989-01-19 | Mobil Plastics Europ | Polypropylene films. |
| GB2328727A (en) * | 1997-09-01 | 1999-03-03 | Draftex Ind Ltd | Fluid transporting pipe with metallic layer |
| EP1197700A3 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2004-01-02 | Kludi GmbH & Co. KG | Hose, in particular for sanitary installations |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |