GB2075147A - Cooling a piston - Google Patents

Cooling a piston Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2075147A
GB2075147A GB8108490A GB8108490A GB2075147A GB 2075147 A GB2075147 A GB 2075147A GB 8108490 A GB8108490 A GB 8108490A GB 8108490 A GB8108490 A GB 8108490A GB 2075147 A GB2075147 A GB 2075147A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
piston
crown
ring carrier
heat
rings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB8108490A
Other versions
GB2075147B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
Kawasaki Motors Ltd
Original Assignee
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd, Kawasaki Jukogyo KK filed Critical Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
Publication of GB2075147A publication Critical patent/GB2075147A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2075147B publication Critical patent/GB2075147B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/0023—Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
    • F01M2001/086—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means for lubricating gudgeon pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F02F2003/0061—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/04—Forging of engine parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F05C2251/042—Expansivity

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

A piston for an internal combustion engine, has a crown portion comprising an upper part 1a, and a lower or ring-bearing part 1b, which are of different metals welded together. The metal of part 1a is less heat-conductive than that of part 1b. The piston has a cooling chamber 6 formed in it. Preferably the two metals of parts 1a and 1b have the same coefficient of expansion. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Piston of combustion engine This invention relates to a piston construction for combustion engines, particularly diesel engines.
In general, combustion engine pistons are made of aluminium or cast iron and have a crown exposed to the heat of combustion within the combustion chamber. The crown is formed integrally with a ring carrier portion which receives piston rings to slide within the cylinder liner air-tightly with oil lubrication.
Some of the pistons have a cooling chamber therein to cool both the ring carrier portion of the crown and the portion adjacent the combustion chamber.
The ring carrier should be well heat-conductive to be quickly cooled so that the oil lubrication is effective, while the upper portion of the crown should be less heat-conductive to resist the transmission of the heat of combustion from the combustion chamber to the piston rings. The upper crown portion may also be less heat-conductive to insulate the heat so that its energy is used effectively to increase the heat efficiency. Thus, one integral piston recsuires opposed thermal characteristics.
It is an object of this invention to provide a piston construction with its piston rings adapted to be cooled sufficiently to eliminate seizure, extraordinary wear, fusion and the like between the rings and the cylinder liner which tends to occur at high temperatures and which may cause scuffing.
A piston according to this invention comprises a crown and a skirt fixed together, said crown including an upper part of less heatconductive metal and a ring carrier of highly heat-conductive metal, said upper part and ring carrier being welded together, said piston having a cooling chamber formed therein to pass a coolant through said chamber.
A preferred embodiment of this invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a partial view in axial section of a conventional piston; Figure 2 is a partial view in axial section of a piston according to this invention; and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the crown of the piston of Fig. 2.
Referring to Fig. 1, the conventional piston comprises a crown 1 secured to a skirt 2 by bolts 3. The crown 1 is formed integrally with a ring carrier 1 b which receives piston rings 4. The piston has a cooling chamber 6 formed therein communicating with an oil path in the piston pin 8. A coolant oil is supplied through the oil path to the chamber 6 for heat exchange by "oil shaker" to cool the ring carrier 1 b etc. The oil then flows through a path 10, a central chamber 11 and an opening 9 and falls into the crank chamber 1 2.
The crown 1 is made generally of cast or forged steel or aluminium alloy which is well heat-conductive so that the rings 4 are quickly cooled. The well heat-conductive crown 1, however, transmits a great amount of heat of combustion from the combustion chamber 7 to the rings 4, thus preventing the rings from being cooled.
Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3 showing the present invention, the piston comprises a crown 1 facing the combustion chamber 7 and a skirt 2 to which the crown 1 is secured by bolts 3.
The crown 1 includes an upper part la and a lower part or ring carrier 1 b which receives piston rings 4 for slidably sealing between the piston and the cylinder liner 5. Each of the parts 1 a and 1 b is made of material different from the other but having a similar coefficient of thermal expansion. The parts 1 a and 1 b are welded together preferably by electronbeam welding, or by arc welding. The upper part 1 a of the crown is made of less heatconductive and highly heat-resistive material.
The ring carrier 1 b is made of highly heatconductive material. The parts la and 1b may be of alloy steel.
The piston has an annular cooling chamber 6 formed therein extending in the crown 1 and skirt 2 and surrounded by a peripheral wall of the upper part 1 a and an upper portion of the ring carrier 1 b to cool the parts 1a and 1b.
As best shown in Fig. 3, the ring carrier 1 b has fins 10 formed in its inside projecting into the cooling chamber 6 to facilitate the cooling of the ring carrier 1 b, especially for high output engines. The forming of such fins can be easily performed by separating the parts la and 1b.
The other parts of the piston may have substantially the same construction as the conventional piston of Fig. 1.
By thus forming the piston according to this invention, only a small amount of heat of combustion is transmitted to the ring carrier through the upper part of the crown which is less heat-conductive to act as a heat insulator.
Also, the ring carrier is highly heat-conductive so as to quickly cool the piston rings, keeping good oil lubrication at the rings to reduce scuffing.
1. A piston for a combustion engine, said piston comprising a crown and skirt fixed together, said crown including an upper part of less heat-conductive metal and a ring carrier of highly heat-conductive metal, said upper part and ring carrier being welded together, said piston having a cooling chamber formed therein to pass a coolant through said chamber.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (4)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Piston of combustion engine This invention relates to a piston construction for combustion engines, particularly diesel engines. In general, combustion engine pistons are made of aluminium or cast iron and have a crown exposed to the heat of combustion within the combustion chamber. The crown is formed integrally with a ring carrier portion which receives piston rings to slide within the cylinder liner air-tightly with oil lubrication. Some of the pistons have a cooling chamber therein to cool both the ring carrier portion of the crown and the portion adjacent the combustion chamber. The ring carrier should be well heat-conductive to be quickly cooled so that the oil lubrication is effective, while the upper portion of the crown should be less heat-conductive to resist the transmission of the heat of combustion from the combustion chamber to the piston rings. The upper crown portion may also be less heat-conductive to insulate the heat so that its energy is used effectively to increase the heat efficiency. Thus, one integral piston recsuires opposed thermal characteristics. It is an object of this invention to provide a piston construction with its piston rings adapted to be cooled sufficiently to eliminate seizure, extraordinary wear, fusion and the like between the rings and the cylinder liner which tends to occur at high temperatures and which may cause scuffing. A piston according to this invention comprises a crown and a skirt fixed together, said crown including an upper part of less heatconductive metal and a ring carrier of highly heat-conductive metal, said upper part and ring carrier being welded together, said piston having a cooling chamber formed therein to pass a coolant through said chamber. A preferred embodiment of this invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a partial view in axial section of a conventional piston; Figure 2 is a partial view in axial section of a piston according to this invention; and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the crown of the piston of Fig. 2. Referring to Fig. 1, the conventional piston comprises a crown 1 secured to a skirt 2 by bolts 3. The crown 1 is formed integrally with a ring carrier 1 b which receives piston rings 4. The piston has a cooling chamber 6 formed therein communicating with an oil path in the piston pin 8. A coolant oil is supplied through the oil path to the chamber 6 for heat exchange by "oil shaker" to cool the ring carrier 1 b etc. The oil then flows through a path 10, a central chamber 11 and an opening 9 and falls into the crank chamber 1 2. The crown 1 is made generally of cast or forged steel or aluminium alloy which is well heat-conductive so that the rings 4 are quickly cooled. The well heat-conductive crown 1, however, transmits a great amount of heat of combustion from the combustion chamber 7 to the rings 4, thus preventing the rings from being cooled. Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3 showing the present invention, the piston comprises a crown 1 facing the combustion chamber 7 and a skirt 2 to which the crown 1 is secured by bolts 3. The crown 1 includes an upper part la and a lower part or ring carrier 1 b which receives piston rings 4 for slidably sealing between the piston and the cylinder liner 5. Each of the parts 1 a and 1 b is made of material different from the other but having a similar coefficient of thermal expansion. The parts 1 a and 1 b are welded together preferably by electronbeam welding, or by arc welding. The upper part 1 a of the crown is made of less heatconductive and highly heat-resistive material. The ring carrier 1 b is made of highly heatconductive material. The parts la and 1b may be of alloy steel. The piston has an annular cooling chamber 6 formed therein extending in the crown 1 and skirt 2 and surrounded by a peripheral wall of the upper part 1 a and an upper portion of the ring carrier 1 b to cool the parts 1a and 1b. As best shown in Fig. 3, the ring carrier 1 b has fins 10 formed in its inside projecting into the cooling chamber 6 to facilitate the cooling of the ring carrier 1 b, especially for high output engines. The forming of such fins can be easily performed by separating the parts la and 1b. The other parts of the piston may have substantially the same construction as the conventional piston of Fig. 1. By thus forming the piston according to this invention, only a small amount of heat of combustion is transmitted to the ring carrier through the upper part of the crown which is less heat-conductive to act as a heat insulator. Also, the ring carrier is highly heat-conductive so as to quickly cool the piston rings, keeping good oil lubrication at the rings to reduce scuffing. CLAIMS
1. A piston for a combustion engine, said piston comprising a crown and skirt fixed together, said crown including an upper part of less heat-conductive metal and a ring carrier of highly heat-conductive metal, said upper part and ring carrier being welded together, said piston having a cooling chamber formed therein to pass a coolant through said chamber.
2. A piston as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ring carrier has fins formed therein to project into said cooling chamber.
3. A piston as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cooling chamber faces part of said upper part and part of said ring carrier.
4. A piston substantially as described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
GB8108490A 1980-04-30 1981-03-18 Cooling a piston Expired GB2075147B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5846980A JPS5831464B2 (en) 1980-04-30 1980-04-30 Internal combustion engine piston structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2075147A true GB2075147A (en) 1981-11-11
GB2075147B GB2075147B (en) 1984-02-01

Family

ID=13085285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8108490A Expired GB2075147B (en) 1980-04-30 1981-03-18 Cooling a piston

Country Status (4)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5831464B2 (en)
CH (1) CH653099A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3116475C2 (en)
GB (1) GB2075147B (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4517930A (en) * 1982-09-28 1985-05-21 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Piston of combustion engine
GB2200718A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-08-10 Metal Leve Sa Two-piece piston
US5033427A (en) * 1987-05-30 1991-07-23 Isuzu Motors Limited Heat-insulating engine structure
US5868112A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-02-09 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Deep angle injection nozzle and piston having complementary combustion bowl
US6732703B2 (en) 2002-06-11 2004-05-11 Cummins Inc. Internal combustion engine producing low emissions
US7210448B2 (en) 2002-06-11 2007-05-01 Cummins, Inc. Internal combustion engine producing low emissions
US8677970B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2014-03-25 Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. Piston for internal combustion engine
EP2462366A4 (en) * 2009-08-06 2015-04-08 Federal Mogul Corp Low thermal conductivity piston and method of construction thereof
US9790889B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2017-10-17 Mahle International Gmbh Piston

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59110848A (en) * 1982-12-16 1984-06-26 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Piston crown and its manufacturing method
JPS59168556U (en) * 1983-04-27 1984-11-12 ヤンマーディーゼル株式会社 Combination piston structure
JPS6034546U (en) * 1983-08-13 1985-03-09 三菱重工業株式会社 piston for engine
DE3423559C1 (en) * 1984-06-27 1985-09-26 Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Multi-part plunger for internal combustion engines
DE3518721C3 (en) * 1985-05-24 1997-09-04 Man B & W Diesel Ag Oil-cooled, multi-part plunger of an internal combustion engine
JPH039962U (en) * 1989-06-19 1991-01-30
DE4138994C2 (en) * 1991-11-27 1999-07-29 Mahle Gmbh Coolable, multi-part piston for internal combustion engines
WO2013045289A1 (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-04 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Two-part steel piston for internal combustion engines

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE629977C (en) * 1935-01-11 1936-05-16 Humboldt Deutzmotoren A G Working piston for internal combustion engines
DE733931C (en) * 1940-11-23 1943-04-05 Sulzer Ag Pistons for internal combustion engines
DE1725117U (en) * 1956-04-05 1956-06-28 Mahle Kg INTERNAL ENGINE PISTON.
DE2546388A1 (en) * 1975-10-16 1977-04-21 Motoren Turbinen Union IC engine liquid cooled piston - has piston crown of two welded sections bolted to piston skirt

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4517930A (en) * 1982-09-28 1985-05-21 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Piston of combustion engine
GB2200718A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-08-10 Metal Leve Sa Two-piece piston
US5033427A (en) * 1987-05-30 1991-07-23 Isuzu Motors Limited Heat-insulating engine structure
US5868112A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-02-09 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Deep angle injection nozzle and piston having complementary combustion bowl
US6732703B2 (en) 2002-06-11 2004-05-11 Cummins Inc. Internal combustion engine producing low emissions
US6966294B2 (en) 2002-06-11 2005-11-22 Cummins Inc. Internal combustion engine producing low emissions
US7210448B2 (en) 2002-06-11 2007-05-01 Cummins, Inc. Internal combustion engine producing low emissions
EP2462366A4 (en) * 2009-08-06 2015-04-08 Federal Mogul Corp Low thermal conductivity piston and method of construction thereof
US8677970B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2014-03-25 Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. Piston for internal combustion engine
USRE46806E1 (en) 2011-03-17 2018-04-24 Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. Piston for internal combustion engine
US9790889B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2017-10-17 Mahle International Gmbh Piston

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3116475C2 (en) 1986-04-17
DE8112312U1 (en) 1991-09-19
JPS5831464B2 (en) 1983-07-06
GB2075147B (en) 1984-02-01
DE3116475A1 (en) 1982-04-15
CH653099A5 (en) 1985-12-13
JPS56154149A (en) 1981-11-28

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940318