GB2074868A - Molluscicidal compositions - Google Patents
Molluscicidal compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2074868A GB2074868A GB816838A GB8106838A GB2074868A GB 2074868 A GB2074868 A GB 2074868A GB 816838 A GB816838 A GB 816838A GB 8106838 A GB8106838 A GB 8106838A GB 2074868 A GB2074868 A GB 2074868A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- metaldehyde
- weight
- activator
- proportion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000002013 molluscicidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- GKKDCARASOJPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N metaldehyde Chemical compound CC1OC(C)OC(C)OC(C)O1 GKKDCARASOJPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000005956 Metaldehyde Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003750 molluscacide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008884 pinocytosis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 102000006382 Ribonucleases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 108010083644 Ribonucleases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 8
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102000013415 peroxidase activity proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000183769 Amaurascopsis reticulata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000224489 Amoeba Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010058846 Ovalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001046 anti-mould Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002546 antimould Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031902 chemoattractant activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The effectiveness of solid molluscicidal compositions containing metaldehyde is improved by addition of particular enzymes or proteins which can stimulate pinocytosis in epithelial cells of the digestive tract of molluscs. By use of such additives the proportion of metaldehyde in molluscicide compositions can be reduced. Typical additives are ribonuclease, blood albumin peroxidase and egg albumen.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Molluscicidal composition - This invention relates to new molluscicidal compositions.
Various molluscs are pests in agriculture. In particular, the terrestrial slug A. reticulatus may cause serious damage to crops in horticulture and other forms of agriculture, and much effort has been directed to combatting this pest. It has been found that certain chemicals, for example metaldehyde, are poisonous to terrestrial slugs, and molluscicidai compositions containing such compounds in admixture with a carrier or bait are used in large quantities. There is, however, a need for more effective
molluscicidal compositions.
The present invention is based on our discovery that the effect of metaldehyde in molluscicidal activity against A. reticulatus is enhanced by the conjoint use of certain enzymes or other proteins with the metaldehyde.
Accordingly, the present invention provides molluscicidal compositions for combatting one or more species of molluscs, which comprises a mixture of metaldehyde and an activator therefor which is an enzyme or other protein, said enzyme or other protein being one which can stimulate pinocytosis in epithelial cells of the digestive tract of the mollusc.
It has been found that activators of particular interest are substances which induce pinocytosis in
Amoeba, see for example the paper by C. Chapman-Andresen Compte. rent. Lab. Carlsberg 33 73-264 (1 962). A test for pinocytosis is described by W. Strauss in J. Biophysic and Biochem. Cytol. 5
No. 2 193 (1959) and this test may be used to identify enzymes and proteins suitable for use as activators in this invention. Suitable activators include ribonuclease, blood albumin, bovine serum albumin, horse radish peroxidase, egg albumen and enzyme PFC (an enzyme waste from A.B.M.
Chemicals).
For practical reasons the activator is preferably added in a form which does not unduly promote putrefaction of the molluscicide compositions and although putrefaction may be controlled to some extent by addition of biostats and/or fungicides to the compositions we prefer to use activators which are non-cellular and have been purified to remove most, if not all, of the putrescible matter. For example, dried blood is a source of blood albumin but it also contains blood cells which give rise to putrefaction or fungal growth. Although dried blood can be used in conjunction with a biostat, such as p-nitrophenol, it is preferable to use the serum as the source of albumin. Egg albumin is the most preferred activator since we have found that compositions containing it are the least susceptible to fungal growth and that the activator also helps bind the composition together.
The molluscicidal compositions of the invention will normally be used as a formulated solid composition, for example, a powder, pellet or other solid composition. The compositions contain only a small proportion of metaldehyde, the major component being bran or other food or inert carrier, and can, for example, basically be of the form conventionally used for pelleted metaldehyde slug bait.
When the compositons contain a suitable binder such as gelatine they can be in the form of a filament, of say up to 5 mm in diameter, or narrow strip, of say up to 20 mm in width, which may be produced, for example, by extrusion. The filament or strip, preferably containing a suitable attractant such as bran, can be used by laying it on the ground, for example along a row or around an area, to provide an extended poisonous bait which will be encountered and devoured by slugs.
We have found that the incorporation of the activators in the molluscicidal compositions markedly improves the effectiveness of the compositions, so much so that the incorporation of activator makes it possible to reduce the proportion of metaldehyde present in the composition and yet achieve a useful 'kill'.
Effective proportions of metaldehyde can readily be determined by simple test. A typical composition in common use contains, as the major ingredient, a farinaceous base such as bran or wheatfeed. This is mixed with about 3% to 6% metaldehyde and optionally with additives such as antimould agents and binders. When an activator of this invention is incorporated in such a composition in a proportion of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 2 to 6% by weight, the effectiveness of the composition is considerably increased. The increase is such that in a preferred form of our invention the activated metaldehyde molluscicide composition contains metaldehyde in a proportion of 1.0 to 2.5% by weight of the composition.We have found that in the presence of activator, even these low proportions of metaidehyde can give a useful 'kill'.
A particularly useful composition is one containing about 2% by weight of metaldehyde and about 4% by weight of egg albumen.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples in which percentages are by weight.
EXAMPLE 1
A series of test pellets were made up to the following formulations:
A = 3% metaldehyde and farinaceous base
D = 3% metaldehyde with dried blood (1 0%) and farinaceous base
F = 1% metaldehyde with dried blood (10%) and farinaceous base
G = 1% metaldehyde and farinaceous base
Pellets of each formulation and of a commercial formulation containing 6% by weight of metaldehyde were separately broadcast over small enclosed plots and raked over lightly. The same number of slugs was introduced into each plot and the number of dead counted over several days.
Number of slugs introduced 24 (mixed species)
Test Pellets Commercial Pellet
A D F G
No. killed 11 21 16 8 15
In this test, some fungal growth occurred on the pellets containing dried blood. It was found that this growth could be retarded by incorporation of 0.2% by weight of p-nitrophenol in pellets D and F.
However, equally good results were obtained when the 10% dried blood was replaced by 6% by weight of bovine serum albumin.
EXAMPLE 2
In a field test an identical weight of pellets was placed under a 1 5 cm square tile on uniform grassland and the number of dead slugs under each tile was counted each morning. Field results are variable but the combined results of several tests was as follows:
PELLETS A B S
Dead slugs -- combined totals of five tests 53 107 66
Pellet A = Farinaceous and clay based pellet with 2% of metaldehyde
Pellet B = Farinaceous and clay based pellet with 2% of metaldehyde and 5% bovine serum
albumin
Pellet S = Standard farinaceous pellet with 3% metaldehyde
EXAMPLE 3
In another field test identical weights of pellets were placed under 1 5 cm square tiles on uniform grassland and the number of dead slugs under each tile counted each morning.Results of four tests were as follows:
PELLET A S
Dead slugs combined totals of four tests 62 23
Pellet A contained 2% metaldehyde and 4% egg albumen
Pellet S contained 3% metaldehyde and no egg albumen
The addition of egg albument enhanced the 'kill' even when a lower concentration of metaldehyde is present.
EXAMPLE 4
In a similar field test pellets containing 2% metaldehyde in a farinaceous base were compared with pellets containing in addition, 5% enzyme P.F.C. The latter produced a 'kill' over 50% higher than that of the enzyme-free pellets.
EXAMPLE 5
Into a 50:50 mixture of homogenised bran and heated gelatine was stirred 4% of metaldehyde.
After allowing it to set, the mass of bran and gelatine was chopped up into particulate form. A similar composition, but with the addition of 2% of bovine serum albumin, was also prepared in particulate form. The results of a series of field tests carried out as above on the two particulate molluscicides indicated that as a molluscicide the composition containing albumin was about twice as effective as the other composition. A confirmatory test on a particulate composition made in the same way but containing 2% of metaldehyde and 2% of the albumin, indicated that it was as effective as the composition containing 4% metaldehyde but no albumin.
EXAMPLE 6
Three compositions as described in Example 5 were made up but instead of being chopped up, each mass was extruded, part as a filament of about 3 mm diameter and part as a strip about 2 mm thick and about 10 mm wide. Field tests in which 2 m lengths of the filament and strip were laid down end to end indicated that the 4% metaldehyde 2% albumin composition was more effective against slugs than the albumin-free composition which was equalled in effectiveness by the 2% metaldehyde 2% albumin composition.
Claims (10)
1. A solid molluscicide composition containing as a molluscicide an effective proportion of metaldehyde and, as an activator, an enzyme or protein which can stimulate pinocytosis.
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 in which the proportion of activator is from 0.5 to 10% by weight of the composition.
3. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 in which the proportion of activator is from 2 to 6% by weight of the composition.
4. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the proportion of metaldehyde is from 1.0 to 2.5% by weight of the composition.
5. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6 in which the activator is ribonuclease, blood albumin, bovine serum albumin, horse radish peroxidase or enzyme PFC.
6. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 in which the activator is egg albumen.
7. A composition as claimed in Claim 6 in which the proportion of egg albumen is from 2 to 5% by weight of the composition.
8. A composition as claimed in Claim 6 containing about 2% by weight of metaldehyde and about 4% by weight of egg albumen.
9. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims which is in powder, pellet or other particulate form.
10. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8 which is in filament or narrow strip form.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8008515 | 1980-03-13 | ||
GB8016883 | 1980-05-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2074868A true GB2074868A (en) | 1981-11-11 |
Family
ID=26274802
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB816838A Withdrawn GB2074868A (en) | 1980-03-13 | 1981-03-04 | Molluscicidal compositions |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FR (1) | FR2477836A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2074868A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1136927B (en) |
NL (1) | NL8101172A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0197622A1 (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-10-15 | Kao Corporation | Enhancement of biocide activity |
US4826685A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1989-05-02 | Landec Labs, Inc. | Molluscicidal device |
US5098706A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1992-03-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Juvenile hormone esterase for insect control |
US5643776A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1997-07-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect diagnostic and control compositions |
US5674485A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1997-10-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect diagnostic and control compositions with truncated JHE |
US5756340A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1998-05-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect control with multiple toxins |
EP1057406A1 (en) * | 1999-06-05 | 2000-12-06 | V & A Marketing Limited | Molluscicidal strip |
US6596271B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2003-07-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect control method with genetically engineered biopesticides |
US6689356B1 (en) | 1988-12-19 | 2004-02-10 | The Regents Of The Unviersity Of California | Recombinant baculoviruses producing insect toxins |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1180086A (en) * | 1967-08-12 | 1970-02-04 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Pesticide Composition. |
CH614347A5 (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1979-11-30 | Hoffmann La Roche |
-
1981
- 1981-03-04 GB GB816838A patent/GB2074868A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-03-11 FR FR8104855A patent/FR2477836A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-03-11 NL NL8101172A patent/NL8101172A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-03-13 IT IT20325/81A patent/IT1136927B/en active
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0197622A1 (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-10-15 | Kao Corporation | Enhancement of biocide activity |
US4826685A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1989-05-02 | Landec Labs, Inc. | Molluscicidal device |
US5098706A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1992-03-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Juvenile hormone esterase for insect control |
US5643776A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1997-07-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect diagnostic and control compositions |
US5674485A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1997-10-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect diagnostic and control compositions with truncated JHE |
US5674747A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1997-10-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Viral vector coding for juvenile hormone esterase |
US6689356B1 (en) | 1988-12-19 | 2004-02-10 | The Regents Of The Unviersity Of California | Recombinant baculoviruses producing insect toxins |
US5756340A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1998-05-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect control with multiple toxins |
US6162430A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2000-12-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect control with multiple toxins |
US6596271B2 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2003-07-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Insect control method with genetically engineered biopesticides |
EP1057406A1 (en) * | 1999-06-05 | 2000-12-06 | V & A Marketing Limited | Molluscicidal strip |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2477836A1 (en) | 1981-09-18 |
IT8120325A0 (en) | 1981-03-13 |
IT1136927B (en) | 1986-09-03 |
NL8101172A (en) | 1981-10-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |