GB2067535A - Clay filler for elastomers - Google Patents
Clay filler for elastomers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2067535A GB2067535A GB8030992A GB8030992A GB2067535A GB 2067535 A GB2067535 A GB 2067535A GB 8030992 A GB8030992 A GB 8030992A GB 8030992 A GB8030992 A GB 8030992A GB 2067535 A GB2067535 A GB 2067535A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- filler
- clay
- weight
- calcined
- elastomer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/12—Treatment with organosilicon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/346—Clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
- C09C1/42—Clays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/10—Solid density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Abstract
A filler for use in elastomer compositions comprises a substantially dehydroxylated clay, having a specific gravity not greater than 2.4 and a specific surface area of at least 10 m<2>g<-1>. The substantially dehydroxylated clay, which is preferably treated with a substituted silane, can be obtained by calcining a kaolinitic clay at a temperature below 1100 DEG C for up to about 5 seconds. The elastomer can be natural or synthetic rubber.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to fillers and their use in elastomer compositions
This invention relates to fillers for elastomers, such as natural and synthetic rubbers, and to elastomer compositions containing them.
Most mineral fillers which are commonly available provide only a relatively small improvement in the strength of an elastomer composition in which they are incorporated because of their relatively coarse particle size or because of the weak chemical affinity between the elastomer and the surface of the filler particles, or a combination of these two factors. Currently the most widely used reinforcing filler for elastomers is carbon black which is a very finely-divided material and, on account of the hydrophobic nature of its surface, has a good affinity with elastomers, the presence of the carbon black in an elastomer composition giving a good increase in the strength of the elastomer.
A particularly stringent duty for elastomer compositions is in the manufacture of motor vehicle tyres. Carbon black is almost exclusively used as the filler in these compositions because of its very good reinforcing properties. A rubber compound used for motor vehicle tyres must have good tensile strength properties, good tear strength and good resistance to abrasion. It must also not be subject to significant permanent deformation after tension or compression. Such permanent deformation is generally known in the art as "permanent set". Permanent set may be measured after subjecting a sample of the compound to tension, in which case it is known as tension set", or after compression, in which case it is known as ''compression set".However carbon black is most commonly prepared by burning oil under controlled conditions and is therefore likely to become increasingly expensive and in short supply. Attempts have been made to find a satisfactory replacement for carbon black and for this purpose it has been proposed to use inter alia kaolin clays, usually after treatment with an organosilane, see for example British
Patent Specification Nos. 882,058; 948,163; 1,062,595; 1,272,287 and 1,430,125 and
United States Patent Specification No. 3,290,1 65. Whilst these known organosilane-treated kaolin clays have enhanced reinforcing properties as compared with the untreated materials, they do not constitute a satisfactory replacement for carbon black in many applications.
According to the first aspect of the present invention there is provided a filler, for use in elastomer compositions, which filler comprises a substantially dehydroxylated clay which has a specific gravity not greater than 2.4 and a specific surface area (as measured by the B.E.T.
liquid nitrogen absorption method) of a least 10 m2g-1.
The B.E.T. liquid nitrogen absorption method of : measuring specific surface area is described in British Standard Specification No. 4359: Part 1: 1969.
According to the second aspect of the present invention there is provided an elastomer composition which comprises an elastomer and a filler in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
Preferably, the substantially dehydroxylated clay is a calcined kaolinitic clay having a specific gravity not greater than 2.2 and a specific surface area of at least 20 m2g-'. Advantageously, the dehydroxylated clay has a particle size distribution such that it contains at least 80% by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns equivalent spherical diameter.
The substantially dehydroxylated clay is advantageously treated with a substituted silane.
Substituted silanes which have been found to be useful in the present invention include those containing at least one aminoalkyl or mercaptoalkyl group and at least on hydroxy, hydroxalkyl or alkoxy group. Most preferably, the substituted silane is one which can be represented by the general formula:
wherein R, is an aminoalkyl or mercaptoalkyl group, R2 is a hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxy group, and each of R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxy group. Most preferably, each of R2, R3 and R4 is a hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxy group and each of R,, R2, R3 and R4 contains not more than 4 carbon atoms.
Generally, a calcined kaolinitic clay filler in accordance with the invention will be coated with at least 0.05% by weight, and preferably at least 0.25% by weight, of the substituted silane.
Usually, the amount of substituted silane used to coat the calcined kaolinitic clay is in the range of from 0.4% to 0.8% by weight based on the wieght of dry calcined kaolinitic clay. The use of less than 0.05% by weight of the substituted silane gives an insignificant increase in the reinforcing properties of the calcined clay filler as compared with the uncoated calcined clay filler. On the other hand there is no advantage in using more than about 0.8% by weight of the substituted silane, and if more than about 2.0% by weight of the substituted silane is used, this causes cross-linking of the elastomer giving a brittle product.
One method of preparing a calcined clay filler in accordance with the first aspect of the invention comprises calcining a clay containing at least 60% by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns equivalent spherical diameter (e.s.d) by exposing the clay to a temperature in the range of from 500"C to 11 00'C for a time not exceeding 5 seconds. Preferably, the clay contains at least 80% by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns equivalent pherical diameter.Thus. a filler in accordance with the first aspect of the invention can be prepared by fractionating or comminuting a pulverised kaolinitic clay so that it has a particle size distribution such that at least 80% by weight thereof consists of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns, and thereafter calcining the kaolinitic clay by exposing it to a temperature in the range of from 5007C to 1100oC for a time not exceeding 5 seconds. Most preferably, the dry, puiverised kaolinitic clay is calcined by exposure to a temperature in the range of from 600"C to 900 C for a time of about 1 second.This procedure is conveniently carried out by injecting the kaolinitic clay into a combustion chamber wherein a vortex is established which rapidly removes the calcined clay from the combustion chamber. An apparatus suitable for this purpose is described in British Patent Specification No. 869,966. If necessary to ensure that the calcined clay contains at least 80% by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns e.s.d., the calcined clay can be comminuted by, for example, dry ball milling or fluid energy milling to break up any aggregates which form during the calcination step.
Uncalcined kaolin and kaolin calcined by the "soak calcination" method (in which the kaolin is exposed to a temperature greater than 500"C for a time greatly in excess of 5 seconds and usually more than 1 hour) both typically have a specific gravity in the range of from 2.5 to 2.7.
In addition the specific surface area of soak calcined kaolin rarely exceeds 12 m2g1.
The elastomer of the elastomer compositions according to the second aspect of the present invention can be a natural rubber and/or a synthetic rubber. Examples of synthetic rubbers which can be employed are styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber, a polybutadiene, or a polyisoprene. The elastomer compositions will normally also contain conventional additives such as accelerators, vulcanising activators and processing aids. The filler in accordance with the first aspect of the invention can constitute the sole filler in the filled elastomer composition or it can be mixed in any proportions with other fillers, such as carbon black.
The invention is further illustrated by the following Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
A Dorset ball clay having a particle size distribution such that 4% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter larger than 5 microns, 88% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns and 77% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 1 micron, was milled in order to break up aggregates and coarse particles. The milled ball clay had a particle size distribution such that there were no particles larger than 53 microns, 1.5% weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter larger than 5 microns, 90% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns, and 80% by weight consisted of particles smaller than 1 micron. The milled clay was calcined by injecting it into a cyclone-shaped combu".tion chamber in which it was exposed to a temperature of 700"C for an average of about 1 second. The calcined clay had a particle size distribution such that 80% by weight of the particles had an equivalent spherical diameter small than 2 microns, a specific gravity of 2.2 and a specific surface area of 13 m2g-1. Samples of the calcined clay were mixed with different amounts of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and the coated clay samples were incorporated into a motor vehicle tyre carcase composition having the following ingredients:: COMPOSITION
Ingredient Parts by weight
Natural rubber 50
Styrene butadiene rubber 50
Stearic acid 1.5
Zinc oxide 3.0
Proprietory blend of non-staining antioxidants 2.0
Pale coumarone resin 3.0
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide (CBS) 1.5
Tetramethyl thiuram disulphide (TMTD) 0.1
Magnesium carbonate coated sulphur 2.0
Fast extruding furnace carbon black (FEF) 54
Silane treated calcined clay 26
The stearic acid and zinc oxide are vulcanizing activators, the coumarone resin is a processing aid, the CBS is an accelerator, and the TMTD is a booster accelerator.
The ingredients were mixed and formed into a sheet on a roller mill at ambient temperature and the compound was vulcanised at 153"C for a time sufficient to give a 95% cure.
Samples of the vulcanised composition were then tested for modulus at 300% elongation, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, compression set, tension set and abrasion loss. The results obtained are set forth in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 % by weight of silane based on weight of dry calcined clay 0 0.1 0.5 1.0 control
Modulus at 300% elongation(MNm-2) 9.2 10.0 11.9 11.3 12.0 tensile strength (MNm-2) 17.6 19.1 19.9 17.1 19.8 elongation at break (%) 400 430 380 330 390 tear stregth (kNm-') 48.5 57.0 50.0 55.5 63.5 compression set (%) 29.8 27.2 20.7 20.5 25.0 tension set (%) 27.1 24.0 22.4 20.0 25.0 abrasion loss (mm3) 164 164 169 166 120
The control composition was produced as described above except that the silane-treated calcined clay was replaced with an equal volume of a conventional reinforcing filler, viz semireinforcing furnace carbon black (SRF). It will be seen that the composition containing calcined clay treated with 0.5% by weight of the silane has substantially identical tensile strength properties to those of the control composition but superior compression set and tension set.
EXAMPLE 2
There were produced 2 further motor vehicle tyre carcase compositions having the same formulation as described in Example 1, except that the silane-treated calcined Dorset ball clay was replaced with a silane-treated calcined kaolin clay from S. Carolina, U.S.A. This latter kaolin clay had a particle size distribution such that substantially all of the particles had an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 5 microns, 90% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns, and 70% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 1 micron. The kaolin clay was calcined by injecting it into a cyclone-shaped combustion chamber in which it was exposed to a temperature of 700"C for an average time of about 1 second.The calcined clay had a particle size distribution such that 80% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns, a specific gravity of 2.2, and a specific surface area of 23 m2g-'. The calcined clay was divided into two portions, one of which was mixed with 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of dry calcined clay of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and incorporated into a motor vehicle tyre carcase composition of the type described in Example 1, and the other portion was incorporated into such a motor vehicle tyre carcase composition without preliminary silane treatment.
Samples of the vulcanised compositions containing the silane-treated and the untreated calcined clay were tested for modulus at 300% elongation, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, compression and tensile set, and the results obtained are set forth in Table II below.
TABLE II silane-treated untreated
calcined clay calcined
clay modulus at 300% elongation (MNm-2) 14.7 11.9 tensile strength (MNm 2) 20.1 19.9 elongation at break (%) 350 385 tear strength (kNm 1) 67.0 60.C compression set (%) 22.0 27.2 tension set (%) 20.5 22.4
The compositions had roughly equivalent tensile properties, but the composition containing the siiane-treated calcined clay had superior tear strength, compression set and tension set.
EXAMPL E 3
Further motor vehicle tyre carcase compositions were prepared according to the same formulation as set out in Example 1, except that no carbon black was used, the sole reinforcing filler being 104 grams of the calcined kaolin clay described in Example 2. One composition was prepared containing the calcined kaolin clay treated with 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of dry calcined kaolin, of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and a second composition containing untreated calcined kaolin clay. Samples of the vulcanised compositions were tested for modulus at 300% elongation, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, compression set and tensile set, and the results obtained are set forth in Table Ill below.
TABLE 111
silane-treated untreated
calcined clay calcined
clay modulus at 300% elongation (mm-2) 11.0 10.0 tensile strength (MNm-2) 19.1 19.0 elongation at break (%) 525 572 tear strength (Knm-') 59.0 55.0 compression set (%) 28.5 30.0 tension set (%) 29.0 30.0
Again the compositions containing the silane treated calcined clay had superior tear strength, compression set and tension set properties.
EXAMPLE 4
Three further motor vehicle tyre carcase compositions were prepared according to the formulation described in Example 1, except that the silane-treated calcined Dorset ball clay filler was replaced by, respectively: (1) An uncalcined china clay from Cornwall having a specific gravity of 2.64, a specific surface area of 10.5 m2g-1, and a particle size distribution such that 0.1% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spheri al diameter larger than 10 microns and 80% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns.
(2) A calcined kaolin which was formed by exposing Clay (1) to a temperature of 1050"C for 1 hour. This calcined clay had a specific gravity of 2.6, and a specific surface area of 8.5 m2g-' and a particle size distribution such that 50% by-weight thereof consisted of particles with an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns.
(3) A calcined kaolin which was formed by injecting the S. Carolina kaolin clay which was used in Example 2 into a cyclone-shaped combustion chamber in which it was exposed to a temperature of 700'C for an average time of about 1 second.
In each case the clay or calcined clay filler was mixed with 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of dry clay, of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and incorporated into a motor vehicle tyre carcase composition of the type described in Example 1. Samples of the vulcanised compositions containing the silane-treated clays were tested for modulus at 300% elongation, tensile strength, tear strength, compression set, tension set and abrasion loss, and the results obtained are set forth in Table IV below::
TABLE IV
Filler (1) (2) (3)
Modulus at 300% elongation(MNm-2) 8.9 1 2.4 11.9 tensile strength (MNm-2) 18.9 18.9 19.5 tear strength (kNm-1) 58.5 60.0 68.5 compression set (%) 28.2 24.0 22.6 tension set (%) 27.0 20.0 12.0 abrasion loss (mm3) 168 171 151
It will be seen that only a small improvement in reinforcing properties, compared with those exhibited by the silane-treated uncalcined clay, is obtained with the silane-treated calcined clay which has been calcined at 1 050 C for 1 hour. However a much greater improvement is achieved with the silane-treated calcined clay which has been calcined at 700"C for 1 second, especially in tear strength, compression and tension set and abrasion loss.
it is believed that the calcination conditions should be such that, after calcinations, the substantially dehydroylated clay has a surface hydroxyl content of from 1 to 7, preferably 2 to 6, groups/mn2 (compared with 10 to 1 2 hydroxyl groups/nm2 for the uncalcined clay).
EXAMPLE 5
Four nitrile rubber hose compositions A, B, C and D were prepared according to the following formulations:
Parts by weight
Composition A B C D nitrile rubber 100 100 100 100 strearic acid 1 1 1 1 zinc oxide 5 5 5 5 antioxidant 2 2 2 2 dioctylphthalate plasticiser 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 sulphur 2 2 2 2 dibenzthiazyl disulphide 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 tetramethyl thiuram
monosulphide 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 filler 130 130 130 0 semi-reinforcing furnace carbon black 0 0 0 90
In Composition A the filler was formed by injecting the S. Carolina kaolin clay which was used in Example 2 into a cyclone-shaped combustion chamber in which it was exposed to a temperature of 700"C for an average time of about 1 second.The calcined clay has a specific gravity of 2.2, a specific surface area of 23 m2g-1 and a particle size distribution such that 80% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns.
No substituted silane was mixed with this filler.
In Composition B the filler was the same calcined kaolin clay as was used in Composition A but it was mixed with 0.65% by weight, based on the weight of dry calcined clay, of 3mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
In Composition C the filler was formed by exposing the kaolin clay described in Example 4 (1) to a temperature of 1 050 C for 1 hour. This calcined clay has a specific gravity of 2.6, a specific surface area of 8.5 m2g-l and a particle size distribution such that 50% by weight consisted of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns. The calcined clay was mixed with 0.65% by weight, based on the weight of dry calcined clay, of 3mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
Samples of the vulcanised compositions A, B, C and D were tested for modulus at 200% elongation, tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength and the results obtained are set forth in Table V below.
TABLE V
Composition A B C D
Modulus at 200% elonga
tion (MNm2) 5.1 10.0 5.2 14.5
Tensile strength (MNm2) 10.4 12.5 6.7 15.1
Elongation at break (%) 650 510 490 230
Tear Strength (kNm t) 100 135 63 110
The results for Composition A show that when the fillter is prepared by calcining a kaolin clay in accordance with the invention a composition is obtained which has a tear strength which is comparable with that of the conventional Composition D containing semi-reinforcing carbon black while at the same time having great flexibility as is shown by the high elongation at break.
Comparison of the results for Compositions B and C shows the greatly superior results which are obtained when the kaolin clay is calcined in accordance with the invention before being mixed with a substituted silane.
Claims (11)
1. A filler for use in elastomer compositions which filler comprises a substantially dehydroxylated clay which has a specific gravity not greater than 2.4 and a specific surface area (as measured by the B.E.T. liquid nitrogen adsorption method) of at least 10 m2g-'.
2. A filler as claimed in claim 1 wherein the substantially dehydroxylated clay is a calcined kaolinitic clay.
3. A filler as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said substan'tially dehydroxylated clay has a specific gravity not greater than 2.2.
4. A filler as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said substantially dehydroxylated clay has a specific surface area of at least 20 m2g-'.
5. A filler as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the substantially dehydroxylated clay contains at least 80% by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns equivalent spherical diameter.
6. A filler as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said substantially dehydroxylated clay is treated with a substituted silane.
7. A filler as claimed in claim 6, wherein said substituted silane contains at least one aminoalkyl or mercaptoalkyl group and at least one hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxy group.
8. A filler as claimed in claim 7 wherein said substituted silane can be represented by the general formula:
wherein R1 is an aminoalkyl or mercaptoalkyl group, R2 is a hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxy group, and each of R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or hydroxy, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxy group.
9. A filler as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of R2, R3 and R4 is a hydroxy, hydroxyalky or alkoxy group.
10. A filler as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 contains not more than 4 carbon atoms.
11. A filler as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the substantially dehydroxylated clay is coated with at least 0.05% by weight of the substituted silane.
1 2. A filler as claimed in claim 11, wherein the substantially dehydroxylated clay is coated with from 0.4% to 0.8% by weight, based on the weight of substantially dehydroxylated clay, of the substituted silane.
1 3. A filler as claimed in claim 1, substantially as described in any one of the foregoing
Examples.
1 4. A filled elastomer composition which comprises an elastomer and a filler as claimed in any one of claim 1 to 13.
1 5. A filled elastomer composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein the elastomer is a natural rubber and/or a synthetic rubber.
1 6. A filled elastomer composition as claimed in claim 14, substantially as described in any one of the foregoing Examples.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8030992A GB2067535B (en) | 1979-10-01 | 1980-09-24 | Clay filler for elastomers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7933971 | 1979-10-01 | ||
| GB8030992A GB2067535B (en) | 1979-10-01 | 1980-09-24 | Clay filler for elastomers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2067535A true GB2067535A (en) | 1981-07-30 |
| GB2067535B GB2067535B (en) | 1983-05-11 |
Family
ID=26273054
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8030992A Expired GB2067535B (en) | 1979-10-01 | 1980-09-24 | Clay filler for elastomers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2067535B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0065009A1 (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1982-11-24 | Gen Electric | Clay filled polyphenylene ether compositions. |
| FR2527620A1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-02 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | COMPOSITION FOR MOLDING BASED ON THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS REINFORCED BY MINERAL CHARGES |
| EP0153827A2 (en) * | 1984-02-09 | 1985-09-04 | Ecc International Limited | Porous particulate materials |
| EP0296866A2 (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1988-12-28 | E.C.C. America Inc. | Kaolinite aggregation using organo-silicon compounds |
| GB2224725A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-05-16 | Watts Blake Bearne & Co Ltd | Ball clay products |
| US5143871A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1992-09-01 | Watts Blake Bearne & Co. Plc | Clay bodies of china and ball clays containing heat treated clay combined with raw clay components |
| GB2254081A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-09-30 | Ecc Int Ltd | Mineral fillers |
| US7476704B2 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2009-01-13 | Imerys Minerals Limited | Opacified polymer composition |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003008491A1 (en) | 2001-07-18 | 2003-01-30 | Imerys Minerals Limited | Clay mineral products and their use in rubber compositions |
-
1980
- 1980-09-24 GB GB8030992A patent/GB2067535B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0065009A1 (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1982-11-24 | Gen Electric | Clay filled polyphenylene ether compositions. |
| EP0065009A4 (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1983-03-17 | Gen Electric | Clay filled polyphenylene ether compositions. |
| FR2527620A1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-02 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | COMPOSITION FOR MOLDING BASED ON THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS REINFORCED BY MINERAL CHARGES |
| EP0153827A2 (en) * | 1984-02-09 | 1985-09-04 | Ecc International Limited | Porous particulate materials |
| EP0153827A3 (en) * | 1984-02-09 | 1986-06-25 | English Clays Lovering Pochin & Company Limited | Porous particulate materials |
| EP0296866A2 (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1988-12-28 | E.C.C. America Inc. | Kaolinite aggregation using organo-silicon compounds |
| EP0296866A3 (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-03-01 | E.C.C. America Inc. | Kaolinite aggregation using organo-silicon compounds |
| GB2224725A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-05-16 | Watts Blake Bearne & Co Ltd | Ball clay products |
| US5143871A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1992-09-01 | Watts Blake Bearne & Co. Plc | Clay bodies of china and ball clays containing heat treated clay combined with raw clay components |
| GB2254081A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-09-30 | Ecc Int Ltd | Mineral fillers |
| US5244958A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1993-09-14 | Ecc International Limited | Mineral fillers |
| GB2254081B (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1994-11-09 | Ecc Int Ltd | Mineral fillers |
| US7476704B2 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2009-01-13 | Imerys Minerals Limited | Opacified polymer composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2067535B (en) | 1983-05-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4659754A (en) | Dispersions of fibres in rubber | |
| US4482663A (en) | Rubber compositions comprising a siliceous filler in combination with an organosulfur substituted pyridine promotor | |
| US3451458A (en) | Silica filled synthetic rubber compositions and tire treads | |
| CA1258732A (en) | Fiber containing particulate elastomeric composition | |
| CA1136309A (en) | Silicate-filled vulcanizable halogen rubber mixtures | |
| KR101151425B1 (en) | Modified calcium carbonate containing rubber compositions | |
| Sombatsompop et al. | Fly‐ash particles and precipitated silica as fillers in rubbers. II. Effects of silica content and Si69‐treatment in natural rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizates | |
| CA2264722A1 (en) | Silane-treated clay production method, silane-treated clay and composition containing same | |
| EP0468140A2 (en) | With organosilicium-compound chemically modified carbon blacks, method for their preparation and their use | |
| US4427452A (en) | Filled elastomer compositions | |
| US3671478A (en) | Rubber compositions | |
| JP2004536191A (en) | Clay mineral products and their use in rubber compositions | |
| CA1252937A (en) | Vulcanizable filled halo rubber with isothiuronium | |
| EP1752488A2 (en) | Rubber composition prepared with precipitated silica and carbon black pellet composites of controlled hardness and tire with component derived therefrom | |
| EP0151212A1 (en) | Improved rubber compounds containing zinc dimethacrylate | |
| EP1761598A1 (en) | Silica reinforced elastomer compounds prepared with dry liquid modifiers | |
| GB2067535A (en) | Clay filler for elastomers | |
| KR100721695B1 (en) | Method for producing powdered rubber containing fillers | |
| EP0178079A1 (en) | Rubber composition and method | |
| EP0955343A1 (en) | Process for producing modified carbon black for reinforcing rubber and process for producing rubber composition containing modified carbon black | |
| EP2087034B1 (en) | Polymer composition | |
| US5280083A (en) | Method of forming a stabilized vulcanizate of chloro rubbers and said vulcanizate | |
| EP2377694A1 (en) | Rubber composition containing treated silica, method of manufacturing and product with component thereof | |
| RU2272055C2 (en) | Carbon black with treated surface possessing improved dispersing capacity in rubber | |
| EP1697150B1 (en) | Crosslinkable elastomeric composition and tire for vehicle wheels comprising the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20000923 |