GB2064100A - Fume cupboards - Google Patents
Fume cupboards Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2064100A GB2064100A GB8038345A GB8038345A GB2064100A GB 2064100 A GB2064100 A GB 2064100A GB 8038345 A GB8038345 A GB 8038345A GB 8038345 A GB8038345 A GB 8038345A GB 2064100 A GB2064100 A GB 2064100A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- air
- access opening
- gas
- operating chamber
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
- B08B15/02—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area using chambers or hoods covering the area
- B08B15/023—Fume cabinets or cupboards, e.g. for laboratories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B2215/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
- B08B2215/003—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area with the assistance of blowing nozzles
Landscapes
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
A fume cupboard for use in a heated or air-conditioned room has a fan for extracting air or gas from the operating chamber, and a blower for blowing air into a cowl 21 fitted to the front of the cupboard above the access opening 17 to the operating chamber, the cowl being arranged to discharge the additional air into the access opening and operating chamber from the outside thereof. Additional air is also blown into the operating chamber through a longitudinal slot 32 in a sill forming the front lower edge of the access opening. The additional air is drawn from outside the room in which the cupboard is situated. The rate of extraction of air by the fan from the operating chamber is only slightly greater than the rate of supply of additional air, so that the flow of air from the room into the cupboard during operation is insufficient to affect the heating or air-conditioning of the room to any appreciable extent. Air is also supplied to the interior of the operating chamber from a plenum chamber 12 which is closed off when the door 18 is raised as shown. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Fume cupboard
This invention relates to fume cupboards of the kind which comprise an external casing enclosing an operating chamber, the front wall of the casing having an opening providing access to the operating chamber for the insertion and/or removal of equipment and materials, and means for extraction of air or gas from the chamber, during operation, so as to maintain the chamber at a pressure slightly below ambient pressure.
During operation of a fume cupboard of this kind, air extracted from the operating chamber must of course be replaced by additional air. The additional air can be drawn from the room containing the cupboard, but in the case where the room is heated or the air in the room is otherwise conditioned, the efficiency of the room heating or the air conditioning is adversely affected by the flow of air into the cupboard.
It is known to supply additional air from outside the room to replace at least part of the air withdrawn from the fume cupboard, this additional air being introduced into the room from a cowl arranged to direct the air in a curtain extending across the access opening of the cupboard. It has however been found necessary to heat this air when the cupboard is used in a heated room, to avoid discomfort to an operator due to the cold air blowing onto his head and shoulders.
The object of the invention is to provide an improved construction of fume cupboard having means for the supply of additional air or gas, which avoids the above mentioned disadvantage.
According to the present invention there is provided a fume cupboard of the kind described above, comprising means for supplying additional air or gas through duct means to the operating chamber at a rate less than the rate of extraction of air or gas from the operating chamber, the duct means being arranged to discharge at least part of the additional air or gas into the access opening from the outside thereof.
The fume cupboard of the invention is particularly suitable for use in a heated or airconditioned room. The additional air may then be drawn from outside the room at a rate only slightly less than the rate of extraction of air from the operating chamber, so as to maintain in the operating chamber a pressure slightly less than ambient pressure. The flow of air from the room into the cupboard during operation will then be insufficient to affect the heating or airconditioning of the room to any appreciable extent. This can be the case even when several fume cupboards according to the invention are operating in a single heated or air-conditioned room.
When the fume cupboard of the invention is used in a heated room, it is not necessary to heat the additional air to avoid discomfort to an operator since the additional air blows only onto the hands and arms of the operator and not into his head and shoulders as occurred in prior known cupboards.
The fume cupboard of the present invention has a further advantage over the prior known cupboards in which all the additional air required to replace that extracted from the cupboard is drawn from the room. With these known cupboards, the air drawn in from the room has to flow around the operator and this tends to create a vortex or vacuum between the operator and the cupboard, and this vortex or vacuum can cause fumes to be drawn out of the operating chamber through the access opening. By introducing most of the additional air, required to replace the -extracted air, into the fume cupboard between the operator and the access opening of the operating chamber in accordance with the invention there is no risk of the above mentioned vortex or vacuum conditions between the operator and the cupboard.
In the fume cupboard of the invention, the duct means may terminate in a discharge slot or slots extending across substantially the full width of the access opening adjacent the top and/or bottom edge thereof. Alternatively, or in addition, the duct means may terminate in slots extending along the sides of the access opening. The slot or slots are preferably fitted with vanes arranged to direct the additional air or gas through the access opening into the operating chamber of the cupboard. The vanes may be inclined at different angles to spread the air or gas discharged from the duct means into divergent streams.
The fume cupboard of the invention is preferably provided with a supply duct arranged to feed the additional air or gas to a plenum chamber communicating direct with the interior of the operating chamber, the duct means for discharging air or gas into the access opening from the outside thereof being connected to the plenum chamber, a door for the access opening movable between an open and a closed position, and means operable to direct at least part of the additional air or gas into said duct means from the plenum chamber when the door of the access opening is in the open position. Preferably the door itself acts as a valve which blocks communication between the plenum chamber and the operating chamber when the door is in the open position.
In some instances it may be desirable to maintain in the fume cupboard an atmosphere which is different from that in the room, for example an inert gas atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere. In the cupboard of the invention this can be achieved by supplying a suitable inert or reducing gas to the supply duct.
Different constructions of fume cupboard according to the ivention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a front view of one construction of fume cupboard, partially cut away to show details of construction,
Figure 2 is a cross sectional side view of the fume cupboard of Figure 1 with the sash door
shown in the closed position,
Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing the sash door in the open raised position,
Figure 4 is a detail view showing a modification of the fume cupboard of Figures 1-3, and
Figure 5 is a detail view showing another
modification of the fume cupboard of
Figures 1-3.
The fume cupboard shown in Figures 1-3 comprises an external casing 10 fitted internally with partitions which subdivide the interior of the casing into an operating chamber 11, an upper plenum chamber 12, a lower plenum chamber 13, two side ducts 14, and an outlet duct 15. The front wall 16 of the casing has an opening 17 providing access to the operating chamber 11, and a glass sash door 18 for closing the opening.
The top of the fume cupboard is provided with an air supply duct 19 connected to the upper plenum chamber 12, an exhaust duct 20 connected to the outlet duct 1 5, and a cowl 21 for directing air from the upper plenum chamber 12 into the operating chamber 11 through the opening 17. The fume cupboard is mounted on a plinth 22.
The roof 24 of the operating chamber 11 also forms the floor of the upper plenum chamber 12, but the front edge of the roof 24 is spaced from the front wall 25 of the plenum chamber 12 so as to provide an opening 26 between the upper plenum chamber 12 and the operating chamber 11. The sash door 18 is arranged so that, when it is in the fully raised position as shown in Figure 3 it extends close to the front edge of the roof 24 and thereby closes the opening 26.
The side walls 27 of the operating chamber 11 co-operate with the side walls of the casing to form the side ducts 14. These side ducts connect the upper plenum chamber 12 to the lower plenum chamber 13.
The floor 30 of the operating chamber 11 also forms part of the roof of the lower plenum chamber 13. The remainder of the roof of the lower plenum chamber 13 is formed by a sill 31 defining the lower front edge of the access opening 17, the sill 31 being spaced from the floor 30 to define a narrow air slot 32 through which air from the lower plenum chamber 13 can flow into the operating chamber 11. The slot 32 is arranged so that air flowing therethrough is directed upwardly and rearwardly towards the back of the operating chamber 11. The sash door 18 rests on the sill 31 when in its closed position.
The rear wall 35 of the operating chamber 11 co-operates with the rear wall 36 of the casing to form the outlet duct 1 5. The wall 35 is spaced from the floor and roof of the operating chamber to provide openings 37, 38 respectively for passage of air from the operating chamber into the outlet duct 15. In addition the rear wall 35 is provided with vertically spaced horizontal slots 39 for passage of air into the outlet duct 1 5.
The cowl 21 comprises an air duct which extends the full width of the fume cupboard, the upper end of the cowl being connected to the upper plenum chamber 12 through an opening 37 in the wall thereof, and the lower end of the cowl extending along the upper edge of the access opening 17 on the outside thereof. The lower end of the cowl is provided with vanes 34 arranged to -guide air discharging from the lower end of the
cowl downwards and rearwards through the
access opening and into the operating chamber
11, when the sash door is open.
The fume cupboard is provided with an
extractor fan (not shown) operable to withdraw air through the ducts 1 5, 20, and with a blower (not shown) operable to supply air to the duct 19. The fan and blower are designed so that the fan extracts more air than is supplied by the blower so as to maintain a pressure slightly less than atmosphere in the operating chamber 11. Excess air to maintain the pressure conditions in balance is provided from the room.
When the sash door 19 is closed, the air supply
duct 19 flows into the upper plenum chamber 12, from which part of the air flows through opening
26 into the chamber 11 and the remainder of the air flows through the side ducts 14, the lower plenum chamber 13, the slot 32 and the operating chamber 11. The air in the operating chamber 11 is extracted through openings 37, 38, 39 and the ducts 1 5, 20. The air in the supply duct 1 9 is reduced to a sub-atmospheric pressure due to the fan extracting air at a greater rate than that supplied by the blower, and excess air from the room is drawn up the cowl and into the upper plenum chamber 12.
When the sash door 18 is open, it closes off the opening 26 between the upper plenum chamber
12 and the operating chamber 11. Air in the upper
plenum chamber flows through the side ducts 14, the lower plenum chamber 13 and the slot 32 into the operating chamber 11, but since the slot 32 is
narrow the pressure in the upper plenum chamber
12 builds up to above atmospheric. Air from the
upper plenum chamber then flows through the
cowl 21 and is discharged downwardly and
rearwardly through the access opening 1 7 into the operating chamber 11.
In the modification shown in Figure 4, the sill
40 is positioned to the front of the sash door 18
and inclined downwards and rearwards, the sill 40
being provided with longitudinal slots 41 for
discharging air from the lower plenum chamber
through the access opening 17 and into the
operating chamber 11 from the outside thereof.
The slots 41 extend substantially the full width of
the access opening 1 7. The sash door is arranged
to rest on studs (not shown) when in the closed
position as shown in Figure 4, so that a gap 42
exits between the bottom of the sash door and the
floor 30.
In the modification shown in Figure 5, the sill
45 is provided with a longitudinal slot 46
positioned to the front of the sash door 18 and
extending substantially the full width of the access
opening 17, the slot 46 communicating with the
lower plenum chamber 13. The slot 46 is fitted
with vanes 47 arranged one behind the other and extending the full length of the slot, the vanes being arranged to direct air or gas discharging through the slot in the rearward direction towards the access opening. The vanes project above the sill, as shown in Figure 5, and are inclined at progressively smaller angles to the horizontal from front to rear so that the air or gas discharging through the slot is formed into divergent streams.
The fume cupboards of the invention eliminate variation of the general ventilation to a laboratory containing the cupboards insofar that normal air changes can be retained irrespective of whether the fume cupboards are in use or not. Additional fume cupboards can be installed in an existing laboratory without affecting the heating or airconditioning of the laboratory and without affecting the operating of existing fume cupboards. There is in fact no limit to the number of fume cupboards according to the invention which can be installed in a laboratory, provided that there is sufficient floor space to accommodate them.Fume cupboards according to the invention can thus be sited where required in a laboratory, and it is not necessary to design the laboratory around the fume cupboards as is the case with the known type of cupboards in which all the input air is drawn from the laboratory.
The fume cupboards of the invention eliminate the problem of air agitation due to people walking past the cupboards causing fumes to be drawn out of the access opening, as can occur with the known cupboards in which the input air is drawn from the laboratory. The directional vanes 34, 47 at the discharge slots at the top and bottom of the access opening ensure that the additional input air is well distributed over the access opening of the cupboards and is travelling in the correct direction whilst entering the access opening. Any eddying which occurs after the point of entry into the operating chamber will not cause fumes to flow out of the access opening.
The fume cupboard of the invention also has the advantage over the known cupboard in that, since the additional air supplied to the cupboard comes from an outside source, it can be filtered.
Air taken from the laboratory through the access opening of the cupboard cannot of course be filtered. There is also a substantial saving in the heating costs necessary to heat air supplied to the laboratory to replace the air drawn into the known fume cupboards. Shouid it be necessary to heat the additional air being supplied to a fume cupboard according to the invention, a small heater can be installed in the input duct to raise the temperature of the air. The air can conveniently be raised to a temperature lower than room temperature. The heater could be switched on and off at will without interfering with the general heating system of the laboratory.
Claims (11)
1. A fume cupboard of the kind described, comprising means for supplying additional air or gas through duct means to the operating chamber at a rate less than the rate of extraction of air or gas from the operating chamber, the duct means being arranged to discharge at least part of the additional air or gas into the access opening from the outside thereof.
2. A fume cupboard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the duct means terminates in a discharge slot or slots extending across substantially the full width of the access opening adjacent the top and/or bottom edge thereof.
3. A fume cupboard as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the duct means terminates in slots extending along the sides of the access opening.
4. A fume cupboard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower edge of the access opening is formed by a sill having one or more longitudinal slots extending across substantially the full width of the access opening, the duct means being arranged to supply additional air or gas to the slot or slots, and the slot or slots being arranged to discharge the air or gas into the access opening from the outside thereof.
5. A fume cupboard as claimed in any of claims 2-4, wherein the or each slot is fitted with vanes, the vanes being arranged to direct air or gas discharging from the slot into the access opening from the outside thereof.
6. Afume cupboard as claimed in claim 5, wherein the vanes are inclined at different angles to spread the air or gas discharged from the slot in divergent streams.
7. A fume cupboard as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the duct means includes a cowl fitted to the outside of the front wall of the casing above the access opening, the lower end of the cowl having a discharge slot which extends across the width of the access opening and is arranged to direct air from the cowl in the direction of the access opening.
8. A fume cupboard as claimed in any of the preceding claims, including a supply duct arranged to feed the additional air or gas to a plenum chamber communicating directly with the interior of the operating chamber, the duct means for discharging air or gas into the access opening from the outside thereof being connected to the plenum chamber, a door for the access opening movable between an open and a closed position, and means operable to direct at least part of the additional air or gas from the plenum chamber into said duct means when the door of the access opening is in the open position.
9. A fume cupboard as claimed in claim 8, wherein the door itself acts as a valve which blocks communication between the plenum chamber and the operating chamber when the door is in the open position.
10. A fume cupboard as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the outer casing is fitted internally with partitions which subdivide the interior of the casing into the operating chamber, an upper plenum chamber above the operating chamber, a lower plenum chamber below the operating chamber, two side ducts interconnecting the upper and lower plenum chambers, and an outlet duct connected to the operating chamber, the cupboard being fitted with an air supply duct connected to the upper plenum chamber, an exhaust duct connected to the outlet duct, a cowl for directing air or gas from the upper plenum chamber into the operating chamber through the upper portion of the access opening from the outside thereof, and a sill forming the lower edge of the access opening and provided with a longitudinal slot communicating with the lower plenum chamber, the slot being arranged to direct air or gas from the lower plenum chamber inte the operating chamber through the lower portion of the access opening from the outside thereof.
11. A fume cupboard substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1-3 or Figures 1-3 as modified in Figure 4 or
Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8038345A GB2064100B (en) | 1979-11-28 | 1980-11-28 | Fume cupboard |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7941022 | 1979-11-28 | ||
| GB8038345A GB2064100B (en) | 1979-11-28 | 1980-11-28 | Fume cupboard |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2064100A true GB2064100A (en) | 1981-06-10 |
| GB2064100B GB2064100B (en) | 1984-02-15 |
Family
ID=26273705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8038345A Expired GB2064100B (en) | 1979-11-28 | 1980-11-28 | Fume cupboard |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2064100B (en) |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4590847A (en) * | 1982-12-29 | 1986-05-27 | Hull Francis R | Supply make-up air attachment for exhaust booths |
| DE3939063A1 (en) * | 1989-11-25 | 1991-05-29 | Wolfferts Gmbh & Co Kg J | Leg mounted fume cupboard with apertured internal partition - comprising lap separating vertical and inclined partitions and frontal air inlet ensuring transverse air flow |
| DE4118495A1 (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1992-12-10 | Waldner Laboreinrichtungen | DEDUCTION |
| DE19712975A1 (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-01 | Gwe Ges Fuer Wasseraufbereitun | Process for optimizing the air flow in a clean air cabin |
| GB2331358A (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-05-19 | Gloria Artec Srl | Aerodynamic system to eliminate polluting substances from fume cupboards |
| DE19918445A1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-02 | Poetter Klima Gmbh | Work table has air delivery fan whose air flow emanating via two nozzles forms air screen; nozzles are opposite each other so emanating air flows are approximately mutually opposing |
| GB2360580A (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-26 | Microflow Ltd | Cabinets for handling toxic or sterile materials |
| GB2374922A (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-10-30 | Premier Lab Systems Ltd | A fume cupboard |
| WO2003024631A1 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-27 | Waldner Laboreinrichtungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fume cupboard |
| FR2889987A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-02 | Erea Sa Sa | Work station for performing e.g. fractionation operation, has blower unit generating frontal air flow, and another blower unit generating air flow from and at proximity of opening in direction of manipulation zone |
| CN104984970A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-10-21 | 上海锐石工程技术有限公司 | Inner-outer air supplementing ventilation cabinet |
| JP2016203035A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-12-08 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Laboratory table |
| US20170182527A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2017-06-29 | E3 Green Technology Co., Ltd. | Ventilation cabinet |
| CN107309237A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-11-03 | 巴斯夫上海涂料有限公司 | Volatile solvent discharge method and its equipment |
| ITUA20164642A1 (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-12-24 | Luca Spagolla | SUCTION DEVICE |
| CN108435747A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-08-24 | 倚世节能科技（上海）有限公司 | Vent cabinet |
| EP3771491A1 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-03 | Burdinola S. Coop. | Protective chamber |
| USD923246S1 (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-06-22 | Bianca Triulzi | Hair clip |
-
1980
- 1980-11-28 GB GB8038345A patent/GB2064100B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4590847A (en) * | 1982-12-29 | 1986-05-27 | Hull Francis R | Supply make-up air attachment for exhaust booths |
| DE3939063A1 (en) * | 1989-11-25 | 1991-05-29 | Wolfferts Gmbh & Co Kg J | Leg mounted fume cupboard with apertured internal partition - comprising lap separating vertical and inclined partitions and frontal air inlet ensuring transverse air flow |
| DE4118495A1 (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1992-12-10 | Waldner Laboreinrichtungen | DEDUCTION |
| DE19712975A1 (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-01 | Gwe Ges Fuer Wasseraufbereitun | Process for optimizing the air flow in a clean air cabin |
| GB2331358A (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-05-19 | Gloria Artec Srl | Aerodynamic system to eliminate polluting substances from fume cupboards |
| GB2331358B (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 2002-09-11 | Gloria Artec Srl | Aerodynamic system to eliminate polluting substances contained within the hoods used for scientific laboratories |
| DE19918445B4 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2005-03-17 | Pötter Klima GmbH | worktable |
| DE19918445A1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-11-02 | Poetter Klima Gmbh | Work table has air delivery fan whose air flow emanating via two nozzles forms air screen; nozzles are opposite each other so emanating air flows are approximately mutually opposing |
| GB2360580A (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-26 | Microflow Ltd | Cabinets for handling toxic or sterile materials |
| GB2374922B (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2004-11-24 | Premier Lab Systems Ltd | Fume cupboard |
| GB2374922A (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-10-30 | Premier Lab Systems Ltd | A fume cupboard |
| WO2003024631A1 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-27 | Waldner Laboreinrichtungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fume cupboard |
| US9266154B2 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2016-02-23 | Waldner Laboreinrichtungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fume extraction cabinet with a working chamber |
| JP2007212132A (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2007-08-23 | Waldner Laboreinrichtungen Gmbh & Co Kg | Fume cupboard |
| FR2889987A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-02 | Erea Sa Sa | Work station for performing e.g. fractionation operation, has blower unit generating frontal air flow, and another blower unit generating air flow from and at proximity of opening in direction of manipulation zone |
| US20170182527A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2017-06-29 | E3 Green Technology Co., Ltd. | Ventilation cabinet |
| CN108435747A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-08-24 | 倚世节能科技（上海）有限公司 | Vent cabinet |
| EP3281714A4 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-10-24 | E3 Green Technology Co., Ltd. | Ventilating cabinet |
| CN109530382A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2019-03-29 | 倚世节能科技（上海）有限公司 | Vent cabinet |
| US10478873B2 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2019-11-19 | E3 Green Technology Co., Ltd. | Ventilation cabinet |
| JP2016203035A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-12-08 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Laboratory table |
| CN104984970A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-10-21 | 上海锐石工程技术有限公司 | Inner-outer air supplementing ventilation cabinet |
| ITUA20164642A1 (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-12-24 | Luca Spagolla | SUCTION DEVICE |
| CN107309237A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-11-03 | 巴斯夫上海涂料有限公司 | Volatile solvent discharge method and its equipment |
| USD923246S1 (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-06-22 | Bianca Triulzi | Hair clip |
| EP3771491A1 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-03 | Burdinola S. Coop. | Protective chamber |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2064100B (en) | 1984-02-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20001127 |