GB2058631A - Manufacture of seamless ball housings - Google Patents
Manufacture of seamless ball housings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2058631A GB2058631A GB8031110A GB8031110A GB2058631A GB 2058631 A GB2058631 A GB 2058631A GB 8031110 A GB8031110 A GB 8031110A GB 8031110 A GB8031110 A GB 8031110A GB 2058631 A GB2058631 A GB 2058631A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- forming
- ball housing
- perforation
- seamless
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010002 mechanical finishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
- B21C37/29—Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
- B21C37/298—Forming collars by flow-drilling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
- B21C37/29—Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
- B21C37/29—Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
- B21C37/292—Forming collars by drawing or pushing a rigid forming tool through an opening in the tube wall
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/14—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution balls, rollers, cone rollers, or like bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
- B21K1/24—Making machine elements valve parts valve bodies; valve seats
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Valve Housings (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the manufacture of seamless ball housings. A ball housing is formed on the end of a tubular workpiece in the form of two juxtaposed hemispherical portions. Thereafter, a perforation is formed in the spherical portion produced, and the material of the workpiece is displaced around the perforation by means of a roll mandrel (8) to form a flanged passageway. Preferably, shear forces are produced in the displacing step which determine the distribution of the displaced material. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method and apparatus for manufacturing a seamless ball housing
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the production of a seamless ball housing, such as a slide valve housing, from a tubular workpiece. More particularly, it relates to a development of the method described in published
British Patent Application No: 2,035,1 70A to which reference is directed.
Conventionally, slide valves are produced by the casting method. However, the benefits of the casting method to form the housing must be balanced against various disadvantages in other respects, such as cracks and cavities and an unavoidable loosening of the structure which restrict the use of such housings under high pressures and at high temperatures.
In an effort to make such apparatus more available for use in petrochemical plants and power stations, methods of producing slide valves have been developed in which pressed and forged segments are joined together using highly developed welding techniques, to form the slide valves. The slide valves thus produced do not have the defects of the kind which occur in cast steel, for example. However, the welding techniques are complicated and the degree of testing required by relevant legislation restricts the availability of the apparatus. Moreover, in the interests of making optimal use of apparatus, slide valves are produced from forged blocks by mechanical finishing. This method of manufacture must be regarded as disadvantageous, since to a larger extent it cuts against the natural grain of the original workpiece.Here again, there may be problems in using the components at high pressures or temperatures.
It has already been proposed to produce workpieces for slide valves from hollow cylindrical objects.
The aim of the invention is to provide means for producing a steel slide valve housing of seamless construction which meets the requirements more satisfactorily, and whilst retaining its natural grain flow, is suitable for use under high pressures and at high temperatures. To this end, the invention provides a method of manufacturing a seamless ball housing from a tubular workpiece comprising heating a first end portion of the workpiece and forming it into an hemispherical shape with an axial passage therethrough; heating a second portion of the workpiece adjacent the end portion and roll-forming the second portion to produce an hemispherical shape continuous with and facing the first portion to produce a spherical portion, the remainder of the tube being integral and continuous with the second portion; providing at least one perforation in the spherical portion; and displacing the material of the workpiece around the perforations to form one or more flanged passageways. Normally, in the roll-forming of the second portion, the remaining length of the tubular workpiece is stretched and reduced in diameter by substantially one-third.
In the displacing step in preferred methods of the invention, shear forces are produced in the axial direction of the perforation, which forces determine the distribution of the displaced material. The displacing step is normally carried out at least partially against a gauge.
For carrying out the displacing step in a method according to the invention, the invention also provides apparatus comprising a table rotatably mounted in a frame, the table having means for mounting a said workpiece thereon; and a tool turret mounted in the frame over the table on a vertically movable support, the tool turret being movable relative to the frame within horizontal coordinates.
When the method according to the invention is carried out, a hollow member of varying crosssection form and comprising a spherical portion is provided with perforations in the periphery of its spherical portion. After heating has been effected at the annular zones which are to be deformed, in the region of the abovementioned perforations, these perforations are expanded by radial displacement to the desired diameters or connecting dimensions, whilst axial webs are formed. Since the housing member thus produced is formed so as to be rotationally symmetrical with two axes, mechanical finishing of the surfaces on the inside and outside can be carried out economically in order to satisfy extremely high quality requirements.
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 shows the original workpiece for a slide valve, before deformation;
Figure 2 shows a section through the slide valve after the webs have been formed;
Figure 3 shows an elevation of the apparatus;
Figure 4 shows the apparatus viewed from above;
Figure 5 shows a detail of the apparatus with the work-piece clamped thereon and the arrangement of the forming tools for a workpiece deformed at one end;
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the pivotable tool in the typical positions for the various forming stages.
Figures 1 and 2 show the original workpiece and the slide valve (3) according to the invention which, in its basic form of an elongate hollow member, comprises a spherical central portion (21), a cylindrical upper portion (22) and a cylindrical connection (23) with a cylindrical perforation (24). The perforation (25) produced in the direction of throughflow is formed, at the conduit end, by the web projections (26) and by the webs (27) projecting into the inside of the housing.
The forming apparatus according to the invention for producing a slide valve free from weld seams, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, consists of a closed frame construction (1) on whose brackets there is rotatably mounted a driven work table (2) for receiving the original workpiece (3)
which is to be deformed. A vertically movable
support (4) carries a pivot means (5) with a tool turret (6) horizontally movable along an axis. This turret (6) is fitted with roll mandrels (7), (8), (9)
and (10) of different cross-sections. The driven
work table (2) is longitudinally movable with its
slide carriage (1 1 } on the machine bed (12). A
measuring and regulating device (not shown)
serves to control the forming process.
Figure 5 shows a detail of the apparatus with a
workpiece clamped in position. The clamping
means (13) and (14) and a centering means (15)
are part of the driven work table (2). The mounting (16) of the thickened mandrel member (17) is housed in the turret housing (18). Thus, the
replaceable roll mandrel (8) is made fully usable for the forming process over its entire bending
cross-section.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 schematically show the
horizontally movable forming tool (8), which is
pivotable about its neutral position, at various forming settings.
Figure 6 shows a cylindrical roll mandrel (8) with a horizontal direction of travel, with radially directed deformation in the X direction.
Another cylindrical roll mandrel (8) with a radial direction of travel in the X direction as in Figure 6, but pivoting about its neutral position through an angle a in the plane y-z, is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 8 shows a roll mandrel (8) with the work table (2) travelling radially in the z direction, this roll mandrel pivoting about its neutral position in the plane y-z.
In order to produce a seamless slide valve according to the invention from steel and other forgeable materials, the annular zones in the spherical central portion (21) which are to be deformed are partially heated, then the original workpiece for the slide valve is centered and secured on the work table (1 5) by means of the clamping means (13) and (14). With the support (5) suitably vertically adjusted, the roll mandrel (8) engages in the perforation (24). Forming without tension is effected by the movements described hereinafter, in accordance with the final contours required;
a) with a cylindrical roll mandrel, for example, travelling horizontally, with radially directed deformation in the X direction or tangentially directed relative to the spherical shell which is to be deformed;
b) with horizontal travel in the X direction, using a cylindrical roll mandrel (8) which pivots about its neutral position in the plane z-y, so that the profiling can be controlled by a suitable choice of pivot range:
c) with horizontal travel in the z direction; with specific predetermined angles of incidence, the roll mandrel pivots about its neutral position in the y-z plane and the predominantly radial displacement of material is also effected in the axial direction as desired.
Claims (8)
1. A method of manufacturing a seamless ball housing from a tubular workpiece comprising heating a first end portion of the workpiece and forming it into an hemispherical shape with an axial passage therethrough; heating a second portion of the workpiece adjacent the end portion and roll-forming the second portion to produce an hemispherical shape continuous with and facing the first portion to produce a spherical portion, the remainder of the tube being integral and continuous with the second portion; providing at least one perforation in the spherical portion; and displacing the material of the workpiece around the perforations to form one or more flanged passageways.
2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein, in the roll-forming of the second portion, the remaining length of the tubular workpiece is stretched and reduced in diameter by substantially one-third.
3. A method according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein, in the displacing step, shear forces are produced in the axial direction of the perforation, which forces determine the distribution of the displaced material.
4. A method according to any preceding Claim wherein the displacing step is carried out at least partially against a gauge.
5. A method of manufacturing a seamless ball housing substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
6. A ball housing produced by a method according to any preceding Claim.
7. Apparatus for carrying out the displacing step in a method according to any of Claims 1 to 5 comprising a table rotatably mounted in a frame, the table having means for mounting a said workpiece thereon; and a tool turret mounted in the frame over the table on a vertically movable support, the tool turret being movable relative to the frame within horizontal co-ordinates.
8. Apparatus for forming flanged passageways in a seamless ball housing substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19792939390 DE2939390A1 (en) | 1979-09-26 | 1979-09-26 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING FORGED VALVES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2058631A true GB2058631A (en) | 1981-04-15 |
GB2058631B GB2058631B (en) | 1983-03-16 |
Family
ID=6082150
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8031110A Expired GB2058631B (en) | 1979-09-26 | 1980-09-26 | Manufacture of seamless ball housings |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5647235A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2939390A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2473368A2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2058631B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1133604B (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-09-26 DE DE19792939390 patent/DE2939390A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1980
- 1980-08-12 JP JP11095480A patent/JPS5647235A/en active Pending
- 1980-09-17 IT IT24730/80A patent/IT1133604B/en active
- 1980-09-25 FR FR8020871A patent/FR2473368A2/en active Pending
- 1980-09-26 GB GB8031110A patent/GB2058631B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2473368A2 (en) | 1981-07-17 |
DE2939390A1 (en) | 1981-04-09 |
IT8024730A0 (en) | 1980-09-17 |
GB2058631B (en) | 1983-03-16 |
JPS5647235A (en) | 1981-04-28 |
IT1133604B (en) | 1986-07-09 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |