GB2056615A - Fiber-reinforced coil spring - Google Patents
Fiber-reinforced coil spring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2056615A GB2056615A GB8020642A GB8020642A GB2056615A GB 2056615 A GB2056615 A GB 2056615A GB 8020642 A GB8020642 A GB 8020642A GB 8020642 A GB8020642 A GB 8020642A GB 2056615 A GB2056615 A GB 2056615A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- spring
- orientation
- angle
- spring wire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003217 poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/02—Bending or folding
- B29C53/12—Bending or folding helically, e.g. for making springs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
- B29C53/562—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally spirally
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/366—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
- F16F1/3665—Wound springs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/774—Springs
- B29L2031/7742—Springs helical springs
Abstract
A coil spring (10) is formed of a continuous unidirectional fiber- reinforced resin tubular member (33) in which substantially all of the continuous unidirectional fibres (11) are oriented substantially at the same predetermined angle of orientation ( theta ) with respect to the center line (12) of the tubular member (33) when coiled or helically wound. In general, the continuous unidirectional fibers (11) are 15 DEG to 75 DEG with respect to the center line (12) of the helically wound tubular member. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Fiber-reinforced coil spring
Field of the invention
This invention relates to fibre-reinforced coil springs and more particularly this invention relates to improved fiber-reinforced coil springs especially useful in applications wherein the spring is subjected to only tension or only compression loads.
Background of the invention
The dependence of the automotive industry on oil as a fuel source is well known. Government, industry and consumer interests, in increasing fuel efficiency of automotive vehicles to offset the escalating costs of such fuels while concomitantly conserving oil
resources, has led to increased searches for new
light-weight automotive components which will lead to increased vehicle efficiency. One such application for light-weight, high-strength composite structures in motor vehicle applications is in coil springs for use in suspension systems and in valve lifters and the like.
Prior art
In U.S. Patent 2,852,424, a method-for producing a reinforced plastic coil spring is described which involves pulling a length of glass roving through a liquid resin bath into a flexible tube. The tube is then wound helically around a mandrel and cured thereon. Subsequently, the mandrel is removed as well as the exterior tubing material, thereby providing a solid glass reinforced plastic spring in which the glass is aligned substantially at 0 with respect to the center line of the spring wire.
In U.S. Patent 3,378,426, an apparatus is disclosed for producing a glass fiber-reinforced chemical coil by introducing glass fibers and resin into a rotating drum having an endless mold member on the drum so that the glass resin can be superimposed and molded on the drum and separated from the drum during drum rotation.
Another technique for making a helical spring is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,728,189. As with the preceding techniques, a spring is produced in which the spring wire is essentially solid and in which the dominant direction of the glass fibers in the spring wire is substantially parallel to the center line of the spring wire.
Summary of the invention
Briefly stated, the present invention contemplates a coil spring formed of a continuous unidirectional fiber-reinforced tubular resin member in which substantially all of the continuous fibers are oriented substantially at the same predetermined angle of orientation with respect to the center line of the tubular member when coiled or helically wound. In general, the continuous unidirectional fibers are oriented substantially at an angle ranging from between 150 to 750 with respect to the center line of the helically wound tubular member; however, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fibers are oriented at from 300 to 600 with respect to
the center line of the tubular member of the spring.
Most preferably, the continuous unidirectional fibers
are oriented at between 430 and 470 with respect to
the center line of the helically wound tubular
member.
The present invention also contemplates an im
proved method of preparing a tubular coil spring
from a fiber-reinforced resin sheet material.
These and other embodiments of the present
invention will become apparent upon further read
ing of the specification in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1 is a side elevation partly cut away
showing the angle of orientation of the fiber in the fiber-reinforced helical spring of the present invention.
Figures 2 3 and 4 illustrate a preliminary step in the method of the invention wherein oblong blanks of fiber-reinforced sheet material having unidirectional fibers are cut in a predetermined pattern to be
rolled upon a mandrel to form a tubular member for use in formation of tubular coil springs in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 5 is an isometric drawing partly in perspective and partly cut away illustrating the technique of forming a fiber-reinforced resin wire useful in form ing the tubular helical spring of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the preferred number of wrappings of fiber-reinforced sheet material around a mandrel when producing a wire for tubular spring fabrication in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of the wrapping of a wire around a mandrel to form the spring of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a cross-section along lines 8-8 of Figure 7.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring now to the drawings, it should be noted that like reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several drawings and views.
The coil spring 10 of the present invention is formed from a continuous unidirectional fiberreinforced tubular resin member in which substantally all of the continuous fibers 11 are oriented at the same or substantially the same predetermined angle of orientation, 0, with respect to the center line 12 of the tubular member.
In the practice of the present invention, the unidirectional continuous fibers are selected from typical fiber-reinforcing materials, such as boron, carbon, graphite, glass, polyaramids and mixtures thereof. Preferably, however, the fibers are selected from carbon and graphite fibers, and more particularly carbon and graphite fibers having a Youngs modulus of about 32 x 106 psi and a tensile strength of about 400,000 psi or greater.
As indicated herein, the continuous unidirectional fibers are embedded in a resin matrix. In general, any resin may be employed although it is preferred that the resin matrix be a thermosetting resin.
Suitablethermosetting resin materials include epoxy and polyester resins.
The epoxy resins are polyepoxides, which are well known condensation products or compounds containing oxirane rings with compounds containing hydroxyl groups or active hydrogen atoms such as amines, acids and aldehydes. The most common epoxy resin compounds are those of epichlorohydrin and bis-phenol and its homologs.
The polyester resins are polycondensation products of polybasic acids with polyhydric alcohols.
Typical polyesters include polyterephthalates, such as polyethylene terephthalate.
The amount of carbon fiber in the resin is generally in the range of from about 50 to about 65 volume % of fibers in the resin matrix, and preferably between about 60 to 65 volume % of fibers in an epoxy resin matrix.
The magnitude and direction of the angle of orientation, H, of the unidirectional continuous fibers 11 in coil spring 10 depends upon a number of factors including the use to which the coil spring 10 is to be put, the pitch of the coil, the direction of the pitch of the coil, the mean spring diameter, the diameter of the tubular member, and the like. Suffice itto say that when the spring is to be used in compression applications such as in automotive suspension systems, the fibers are directionally oriented so that the shear load on the spring places the fibers in tension. For applications where the spring is to be stretched, i.e. loaded in tension, the fibers are oriented so that the shear load on the spring places the fibers in tension.In general, the magnitude of the angle of orientation of the continuous unidirectional fibers 11 is between 150 to 750 and preferably between about 300 and 600 with respect to the center line of the helically wound tubular member. Most preferably, in springs for automotive suspension systems, the continuous unidirectional fibers will be oriented, for example, at between 430 and 470 with respect to the center line of the helically wound tubular member.
In the practice of the present invention, coil spring 10 is made from sheets of unidirectional carbon or graphite fibers impregnated with a thermosetting resin. A plurality of such sheets of such unidirectional fiber impregnated resin sheet material is first cut into the shape of a predetermined pattern. Typically, three patterns of material go into forming the tubular coil spring of the present invention. Consequently, the description which follows will make specific reference to three layers or sheets of resin impregnated fibers; however, it should be appreciated that more or less than this number may be employed.
Each of the three layers of resin impregnated continuous unidirectional fibers are cut in the shape generally of a rectangle. As is shown in Figures 2 to 4,the length ofthe rectangle for each ofthethree layers of resin impregnated fiber sheet material is the same. Indeed, the length of the rectangular sheet material will be at least as long as that required for formation into a coil spring of the requisite length.
Typically-the width of each sheet is different. Thus, as can be seen in Figures 2 to 4, the width, W1, of sheet 14 is narrower than the width, W2, of sheet 15 which in turn is narrower again than the width of sheet 16.
Each sheet 14, 15 and 16 will have continuous unidirectional fibers 11 oriented at a specific angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rectangu lar sheet material.
In fabricating the coil spring, the tubular member is first formed by successively and circumferentially wrapping the layers of resin impregnated fibers 14, 15 and 16 on a mandrel 17 having a resilient tubing 18, such as a rubbertubing, surrounding the mandrel 17. The diameter of the mandrel 17 with its resilient tubing 18 is selected to provide the requisite diameter of the tubular memberforthe coil spring.
Since the flat patterns 14, 15 and 16 are going to be successively wound around the mandrel 17 with its rubber sleeve 18, it is desirable that the widths W1,
W2 and W3 be sufficient to provide at least a single convolution of material around the mandrel having the preceding layer applied thereto. Thus, W1 of sheet 14 desirably is at least sufficiently wide to accommodate at least one complete turn around mandrel 17 and rubber sleeve 18. Sheet 15 has a sufficient width W2to provide at least one complete turn about the mandrel containing sheet 14. Similarly, W3 of sheet 16 is sufficientto provide at least one complete turn around the mandrel containing its layers of sheets 14 and 15. Preferably the width of each sheet is chosen to provide substantially the same number of a plurality of complete turns around the mandrel.
Wrapping of the sheet materials around the mandrel with its rubber sheath is accomplished very simply by placing the mandrel 17 with its rubber sheath 18 along the lengthwise bottom edge of sheet 14 and thereafter rolling the mandrel and the sheet material in an upwardly direction such as shown by arrow 19 in Figure 5. Each one ofthe layers is so successively wrapped around the mandrel.
After the three layers of sheet material are wrapped around the rubber sleeve, the steel mandrel 17 is removed, thereby leaving fiber-reinforced tubular resin member having a rubber tubing in the center thereof. This tubular member with its rubber insert constitutes the spring wire used in fabricating the coil spring of the present invention. This spring wire 20 is helically wrapped around a mandrel such as mandrel 21 of Figure 7 which has helical grooves 22 in the circumference thereof of the requisite width r and depth to accommodate the diameter of spring wire 20. The pitch for the helical grooves 22 will depend upon the desired spring pitch. Similarly, the diameter of the mandrel 21 will depend upon the desired main spring diameter.
In any event, spring wire 20 is wrapped in helical fashion around mandrel 21. During wrapping of the spring wire 20 around mandrel 21, sufficient twist is given so that the fibers 11 in spring wire 20 will all be oriented at the predetermined desired angle 8 with respect to the center line of the helically wound tubular member. The direction and the amount of twist required will depend, of course, on the angle of orientation of the unidirectional fibers in the flat patterns 14, 15 and 16 used in forming spring wire 20. Obviously the direction of twist is chosen to provide the desired predetermined fiber orientation in the coil spring with minimum displacement of the fibers from their orientation in the spring wire to their orientation in the coil.
As was indicated with respect to Figures 2, 3 and 4, the flat patterns 14,15 and 16 are each cut so as to have continuous unidirectional fibers 11 which are oriented at specific angles of orientation 6i, 62 and 63, respectively, of the longitudinal or lengthwise axis of the flat pattern. 1, 62 and 63 are chosen such that if sheets 14,15 and 16 are formed into a suitable wire 20, upon twisting wire 20 on mandrel 21 the unidirectional continuous fibers in each of the respective layers 14, 15 and 16 will be oriented at the desired angle 6 or the helical spring.Thus, for example, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, coil spring is provided having a unidirectional fiber-reinforced tubular resin member in which the continuous fibers are oriented substantially at 45 with respect to the center line of the helically wound tubular member. In such instance, the unidirectional fibers 11 of flat sheet 14 will have an angle of orientation of 40 with respect to the lengthwise axis of layer 14. The preferred angle of orientation in that instance for fibers 11 of sheet 15 will be 36 with respect to the lengthwise axis of sheet 15. Finally, the angle of orientation of fibers 11 in flat sheet 16 will be 33 with respect to the lengthwise axis of sheet 16.
As will be readily appreciated, the angles 6i, 62 and 63 will be chosen depending upon the desired angle that the fibers have in the helical coil and the degree of twist that is to be applied during wrapping of the tubular wire in the form of a coil. More specifically, the change in the angle of orientation of the fibers in each layer of the wire when the spring wire is twisted once per coil is given by the equation: A6 = are tan r/R where: A6 = change in angle;
r = radius of the wire;
R = radius of the coil.
From the foregoing equation, it can be seen that twisting the wire causes a larger change in the angle of orientation of the fibers in each layer, the larger the distance of that layer in the wire from the center thereof. For example, assuming a coil radius of 3 inches and a radius of .5 inches from the center to the outer layer of the spring wire, then the change in the angle of orientation for the fibers in that outer layer from their original position to their final position upon one twist per coil is 9.5 since A6 = arc tan .5/3 = 9.5 . If the radius of the spring wire to some given inner layer is 0.25, then the fibers in the inner layer under the same circumstances will be displaced 4.8 since A6 = arc tan .25/3 = 4.8 .
Returning to the process of the present invention, it can be seen, for example, in Figure 7 that top layer 16 of wire 20 has fibers 11 that, prior to twisting, are oriented at an angle 63 with respect to the center line of the wire 20. Hence, the wire 20 is twisted, for example, in the direction shown by arrow 25 as it is wrapped upon mandrel 21. All of the fibers 11 throughout the wire 20 are substantially oriented at the preferred angle 6.
After wrapping the wire 20 around the mandrel, the wire 20 can be held in place by any suitable mold means well known in the art. For example, the wire can be held in place on the mandrel 21 by an appropriately shaped tool or by wrapping of cellulose acetate tape or sheet material (not shown) which serves in effect as a mold. The rubber tube inside the spring wire 20 is pressurized in an amount sufficient to facilitate the resin to flow and to compact during curing. Generally, the pressure will range between 35 to 85 psi and preferably about 65 to 75 psi. The entire assembly is then heated so as to cure the resin. The temperature at which the assembly is heated, of course, depends upon a number of factors, including the resin which is used to impregnate the fibers. These temperatures are well known.Typically, for epoxy resin impregnated fibers, the temperature will be in the range of from about 1 00'C to about 180 C, and preferably at about 120 C. Similarly, the time for heating will depend on the curing temperatures as well as the resin employed.
After heating the assembly, the assembly is next allowed to cool to room temperature, and the external wrapping of cellulose acetate tape and rubber tubing are removed as well as mandrel 21.
The end edges 31 and 32 of the wire may be chamfered, if desired, by cutting.
To further illustrate the present invention, reference is now made herein to a typical suspension coil spring for one mode of application. In such an application, the spring 10 consists of six coils providing a free spring height of 18 inches. The coil spring 20 will have a spring diameter of 6.15 inches.
The tubular member comprising the helical coil 20 will have an outer diameter of one inch and an inner diameter of one-half inch. The angle of orientation 6 of the continuous carbon fibers will be in the range of from about 43 to 470 and preferably 45".
Claims (11)
1. A coil spring comprising: a helically wound continuous undirectional fiber-reinforced resin tubular member, the continuous undirectional fibers being oriented at substantially the same predetermined angle of orientation with respect to the center line of the helically wound tubular member.
2. A coil spring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the continuous undirectional fibers are oriented substantially at the same angle in the range 150 to 750.
3. A coil spring as claimed in claim 2, wherein the continuous undirectional fibers are oriented substantially at the same angle in the range 30 to 600.
4. A coil spring as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the continuous fibers are selected from carbon, glass, graphite, boron and polyaramide fibers and mixtures thereof.
5. A coil spring as claimed in any preceding claim wherein substantially all of said continuous undirectional carbon fibers are oriented at an angle such that when said spring is under load said fibers are in tension, the magnitude of said angle being between 30 and 60 .
6. A coil spring as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein substantially all of said continuous undirectional carbon fibers are oriented at an angle such that when said spring is under load said fibers are in compression, the magnitude of said angle being between 30 and 60 .
7. A coil spring as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
8. A method of forming a fiber-reinforced resin tubular coil spring having fibers therein oriented at substantially the same predetermined angle of orientation comprising: forming a fiber-reinforced resin tubular spring wire having a flexible tubing in the centre of the spring wire, said spring wire having fibers therein at a predetermined angle of orientation with respect to the center line of the spring wire which angle of orientation differs from the predetermined angle of orientation in the coil spring; helically wrapping said spring wire around a mandrel while simultaneously twisting said spring wire so as to redirect the orientation of the fibers in the spring wire at a second predetermined angle of orientation, whereby they will be in said first predetermined angle of orientation; after wrapping said spring wire around said mandrel, wrapping said wire and mandrel with an exterior mold member; inflating said rubber tube within said spring wire, and thereafter curing said spring wire at elevated temperatures; removing said flexible tubing in said exterior mold member after curing whereby a fiber-reinforced resin tubular coil spring is obtained.
9. A method of forming a continuous undirectional fiber-reinforced tubular coil spring in which substantially all of the continuous fibers are oriented at substantially the same predetermined angle of orientation with respect to the center line of the helically wound tubular member comprising: cutting a plurality of flat patterns from undirectional continuous fiber-reinforced sheet material, each of said plurality of said flat patterns having substantially the same lengths, and increasingly greater widths, said flat patterns having the fibers oriented at a predetermined angle of orientation with respect to the lengthwise axis of the flat pattern; circumferentially wrapping each of said flat patterns around a mandrel having a flexible tubing around said mandrel, the width of each said flat patterns being selected so as to provide at least one complete revolution around the mandrel and rubber tubing containing the preceding layer of sheet material applied thereto, the angle of orientation in each of said sheet materials deviating progressively greater from the angle of orientation in the preceding layer of sheet material; removing said mandrel whereby a spring wire having a resilient inner tubing is obtained; wrapping said spring wire helically around a mandrel while simultaneously twisting said spring wire so as to align the fibers in each of the fiber-reinforced layer at substantially the same angle of orientation with respect to the center line of the tubular member; placing an exterior mold around said wound spring wire; inflating said inner resilient tube of said spring wire; and thereafter curing said spring wire at elevated temperatures, whereby a tubular coil spring is obtained having continuous fibres at predetermined angles of orientation with respect to the center line of the spring wire.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said spring wire is twisted one complete turn per unit length of coil.
11. A method of forming a fiber-reinforced resin - tubular coil substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US5688779A | 1979-07-12 | 1979-07-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2056615A true GB2056615A (en) | 1981-03-18 |
GB2056615B GB2056615B (en) | 1983-04-07 |
Family
ID=22007165
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8020642A Expired GB2056615B (en) | 1979-07-12 | 1980-06-24 | Fibre-reinforced coil spring |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JPS5618136A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1154042A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3026124A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2461163B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2056615B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1131560B (en) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4464216A (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1984-08-07 | Hercules Incorporated | Composite negator springs |
WO1984003545A1 (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-09-13 | Daniel Bouteille | Spring-type helical product made of plastic material and production method and device thereof |
FR2577640A1 (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1986-08-22 | Forsch Versuchs Ans Deutsche | HELICAL SPRING IN FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SPRING |
EP0376321A2 (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1990-07-04 | Ems-Inventa Ag | Coiled tubes and process for making same |
FR2689811A1 (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1993-10-15 | Lepoetre Pierre | Thermo-formed shaped profiles of thermoplastic - reinforced with long fibres twisted together in curved sections with lay length related to radius of curvature and profile width |
EP0637700A2 (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-02-08 | Toho Rayon Co., Ltd. | Carbon fiber reinforced resin coil spring and method for manufacturing the same |
WO2002099307A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-12 | The University Of Akron | Fiber-reinforced composite springs |
FR2837250A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-19 | Max Sardou | Helical spring uses a filament wire structure with a cladded core coiled around the spring axis giving high resistance to fatigue and a low mass weight |
WO2006058526A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-08 | Mahle International Gmbh | Pressure spring for a valve drive |
WO2009027226A2 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Method for the production of a rope-type semifinished spring element and a helical spring element, tool for machining a rope-type semifinished spring element, shaping member for shaping a rope-type semifinished spring element, and helical spring element |
WO2014014481A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Mssc Us | Composite coil spring |
EP3343058A4 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2019-05-01 | NHK Spring Co., Ltd. | Wire material for elastic member, and elastic member |
EP3369960A4 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2019-07-03 | NHK Spring Co., Ltd. | Wire for elastic member, and elastic member |
US10479033B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2019-11-19 | Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited | Windable body, apparatus and method for its production |
WO2020104605A1 (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | ThyssenKrupp Federn und Stabilisatoren GmbH | Design of the ends of coil springs |
WO2020128369A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | S.Ara Composite | Composite cord |
CN111331877A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-26 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method of variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring |
CN114872350A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-09 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing coil spring and variable pitch coil spring |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6044627A (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1985-03-09 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Coiled spring |
JPS60109628A (en) * | 1983-11-15 | 1985-06-15 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Hollow helical spring |
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DE10110604A1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-10-02 | Continental Ag | Mounting for vibrating component in vehicle comprises helical fiber-containing composite spring which is compressed between power transmitting plates attached to its outside on diametrically opposite sides |
DE102014211096A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Torsionally loaded rod-shaped component with different fiber reinforcements for tensile and compressive loads |
JP2017082967A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-18 | 日本発條株式会社 | Wire for coil spring and coil spring |
JP2017081048A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-18 | 日本発條株式会社 | Wire rod for elastic member, and elastic member |
EP3434927A4 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2019-11-20 | NHK Spring Co., Ltd. | Coil spring |
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- 1980-07-10 DE DE19803026124 patent/DE3026124A1/en active Granted
- 1980-07-11 IT IT23408/80A patent/IT1131560B/en active
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US4464216A (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1984-08-07 | Hercules Incorporated | Composite negator springs |
WO1984003545A1 (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-09-13 | Daniel Bouteille | Spring-type helical product made of plastic material and production method and device thereof |
EP0122828A1 (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-10-24 | Simonin & Cie S.A. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing a helicoidal product as a spring made of plastic material |
FR2577640A1 (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1986-08-22 | Forsch Versuchs Ans Deutsche | HELICAL SPRING IN FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SPRING |
EP0376321A2 (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1990-07-04 | Ems-Inventa Ag | Coiled tubes and process for making same |
EP0376321A3 (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1991-12-18 | Ems-Inventa Ag | Coiled tubes and process for making same |
FR2689811A1 (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1993-10-15 | Lepoetre Pierre | Thermo-formed shaped profiles of thermoplastic - reinforced with long fibres twisted together in curved sections with lay length related to radius of curvature and profile width |
EP0637700A2 (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-02-08 | Toho Rayon Co., Ltd. | Carbon fiber reinforced resin coil spring and method for manufacturing the same |
EP0637700A3 (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-05-03 | Toho Rayon Kk | Carbon fiber reinforced resin coil spring and method for manufacturing the same. |
US5685525A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1997-11-11 | Toho Rayon Co., Ltd. | Carbon fiber reinforced resin coil spring |
WO2002099307A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-12 | The University Of Akron | Fiber-reinforced composite springs |
FR2837250A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-19 | Max Sardou | Helical spring uses a filament wire structure with a cladded core coiled around the spring axis giving high resistance to fatigue and a low mass weight |
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WO2009027226A2 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Method for the production of a rope-type semifinished spring element and a helical spring element, tool for machining a rope-type semifinished spring element, shaping member for shaping a rope-type semifinished spring element, and helical spring element |
WO2009027226A3 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-10-15 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Method for the production of a rope-type semifinished spring element and a helical spring element, tool for machining a rope-type semifinished spring element, shaping member for shaping a rope-type semifinished spring element, and helical spring element |
US8857801B2 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2014-10-14 | Mssc Us | Composite coil spring |
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US9677637B2 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2017-06-13 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Composite coil spring |
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US9982734B2 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2018-05-29 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Composite coil spring |
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US10479033B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2019-11-19 | Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited | Windable body, apparatus and method for its production |
EP3343058A4 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2019-05-01 | NHK Spring Co., Ltd. | Wire material for elastic member, and elastic member |
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US10828845B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2020-11-10 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | Wire material for elastic member and elastic member |
WO2020104605A1 (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | ThyssenKrupp Federn und Stabilisatoren GmbH | Design of the ends of coil springs |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2461163B1 (en) | 1986-09-26 |
JPH0319140U (en) | 1991-02-25 |
DE3026124C2 (en) | 1990-11-08 |
JPS5618136A (en) | 1981-02-20 |
DE3026124A1 (en) | 1981-01-29 |
FR2461163A1 (en) | 1981-01-30 |
IT8023408A0 (en) | 1980-07-11 |
CA1154042A (en) | 1983-09-20 |
GB2056615B (en) | 1983-04-07 |
IT1131560B (en) | 1986-06-25 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19980624 |