GB2050434A - Slidable members for internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Slidable members for internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2050434A GB2050434A GB8015416A GB8015416A GB2050434A GB 2050434 A GB2050434 A GB 2050434A GB 8015416 A GB8015416 A GB 8015416A GB 8015416 A GB8015416 A GB 8015416A GB 2050434 A GB2050434 A GB 2050434A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- flame sprayed
- weight
- molybdenum
- wear resistant
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
A wear resistant slidable member for internal combustion engines includes a wear resistant flame sprayed layer on the sliding surface of the member comprising 20 to 97% by weight of a metal carbide having a Vickers hardness of at least 750, 0.5 to 4.5% weight of molybdenum, and the balance iron or ferro alloy. The wear resistant layer preferably has a porosity of not more than 30% and a thickness of not more than 2.5 mm.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Slidable members for internal combustion engines
The present invention relates to slidable members having highwear resistance for use in internal combustion engines, such as for example piston rings and cylinder liners.
Recently, there have been attempts to increase the compression ratio and rotation rate of internal combustion engines in orderto improve the operating characteristics of the engines. As a result, there is a requirement for the wear resistance of piston rings and cylinder liners to be improved.
Generally, wear characteristics can be classified into abrasion (grinding wear by foreign bodies having high hardness) and scuff, both of which phenomena have a great influence on the characteristics of an engine. Thus, it is impossible to obtain a satisfactory wear resistance without achieving adequate abrasion resistance and scuff resistance.
In order to improve wear resistance, it has been proposed to plate piston rings with chromium (hereafter referred to as "Cr-plated piston rings") and also to flame spray a layer of molybdenum on the sliding surfaces of piston rings (hereafter referred to as "Mo-flame sprayed piston rings").
However, it is very expensive to chromiúm-plate piston rings and also their scuff resistance is insufficient. Therefore, Cr-plated piston rings fail to meet recent requirements for the slidable members. On the other hand, Mo-flame sprayed piston rings are poor in abrasion resistance. In addition, molybdenum is an expensive element and hence cannot be used widely.
Thus, both Cr-plated piston rings and Mo-flame sprayed piston rings fail to provide the required combination of abrasion resistance and scuff resistance and hence have insufficient wear resistance.
Heretofore, it has also been proposed to flame spray slidabie members with molybdenum and a ferro alloy simultaneously to produce a porous layer comprising a ferro alloy phase, an alloy phase consisting of the ferro alloy and molybdenum, and a molybdenum phase. These known members contain a mixture of molybdenum and ferro alloy in order to improve the bond strength of the flame sprayed particles in the flame sprayed layer. In the mixed flame spraying of molybdenum and iron, however, the product has an insufficient wear resistance although it shows an improved bond strength between the flame sprayed particles in the flame sprayed layer.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to overcome or alleviate the above mentioned disadvantages of conventional slidable members.
Accordingly, the invention resides in a slidable member for internal combustion engines comprising a wear resistant flame spray layer on a sliding surface of said member, wherein said layer comprises, in final composition, 20 to 97% by weight of a metal carbide having a Vickers hardness of at least 750, 0.5 to 4.5% by weight of molybdenum, and the balance iron or a ferro alloy.
The metal carbide used in the flame sprayed layer should have a Vickers hardness (Hv) of at least 750 since satisfactory wear resistance required for slidable members for use in internal combustion members cannot be obtained with a hardness (Hv) of less than 750. The metal carbide having a hardness (Hv) of at least 750 contributes to the wear resistance and elevates the hardness of the whole flame sprayed layer. When the amount of the metal carbide is less than 20% by weight, satisfactory wear resistance and hardness cannot be obtained. On the other hand, with more than 97% by weight, wear of a complementary member which is in a sliding contact and in a relative motion with the slidable member becomes too great and scuffing tends to occur.
With regard to the molybdenum present in the flame sprayed layer of the invention, part of the element is in the form of an alloy with iron or a ferro alloy. If the amount of molybdenum is less than 0.5% by weight, the desired bonding between the flame sprayed particles by alloying of moiybdenum with iron or a ferro alloy cannot be obtained. This has an adverse affect both on the bond strength and the anti-stripping property of the wear resistant flame sprayed layer as a whole. When the molybdenum, content is increased above 4.5% by weight no substantial improvement of the anti-stripping property, which is ascribable to bonding between the particles by alloying of the molybdenum with iron or a ferro alloy, is observed.Thus, since molybdenum is an expensive material, it is advantageous from a cost viewpoint to limit the amount of molybdenum to not more than 4.5% by weight.
Porosity in the flame sprayed layer is important for retaining lubricating oils, but should be not more than 30%. This is because the strength of the layer is decreased and various problems such as dropping out of the particles and stripping of the flame sprayed layer tend to occur if the porosity is more than 30%.
The flame sprayed layer of the present invention exhibits excellent adhesion to the slidable member provided the thickness of the layer is not more than 2.5mm. It is, however, found that a flame sprayed layer of thickness more than 2.5 mm is susceptible to stripping.
Examples of the ferro alloy which can be used in the present invention include carbon alloy steel, and 16 chromium based stainless steel. Care must be taken in selecting the kind of ferro alloy to be used since the hardness of the whole flame sprayed layer is sometimes decreased depending on the kind of the ferro alloy used. Any ferro alloy that will not decrease the hardness of the whole flame sprayed layer can be used.
The wear resistant flame sprayed layer of the present invention can be obtained by plasma flame spraying a mixture of each powder of metal carbide, molybdenum, and iron or a ferro alloy on the slidable surface of slidable members. In this case, both a single metal carbide and a mixture of a plurality of metal carbides can be used as the metal carbide component. In addition, any two of the abovedescribed powders can be replaced by a powdered alloy of the two components or an alloy powder of ferro carbide containing molybdenum.
The present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the following Examples, and the accompanying drawing which is a graph show
ing the results of comparative wear tests performed on slidable members of the present invention and a conventional slidable member.
EXAMPLE
Slidable member samples 1 to 3 were prepared from a conventional substrate having dimensions of 15 mm x 20 mm x 7 mm as follows:
Sample 1 Molybdenum Powder 50% by weight
Carbon Steel Powder 50% by weight
(0.8 wtoiC) The above composition was flame sprayed onto the substrate to form a flame sprayed layer of thickness of 0.5 mm (porosity 15%; hardness on the Rockwell C scale of 40).
Sample 2 16 Chromium Stainless Steel 10% by weight
Powder (16% Cr, 2% Ni, 0.2% C,
balance Fe)
Chromium Carbide Powder 87% by weight (13%C) Molybdenum Powder 3% by weight
The above composition was flame sprayed onto the substrate to form a flame sprayed layer of thickness of 0.5 mm (porosity 5b/o). The composition on analysis of the resulting flame sprayed layer was as follows.
Metal Carbide (Hv 1,300) 83.7% by weight
Molybdenum 3.1% by weight
Ferro Alloy Balance
Sample 3
Iron-Ferro Alloy Powder 97% by weight
(3.5% C, balance Fe)
Molybdenum Powder 3% by weight
The above composition was flame sprayed on the slidable member to form a flame sprayed layer of a thickness of 0.5 mm (porosity 3b/c). The composition on analysis of the resulting flame sprayed layer was as follows.
Metal Carbide (Hv 950) 50% by weight
Molybdenum 3% by weight Iron Balance
These samples were fixed to a rotary wear testing machine and pressed on the upper surface of a disc material made of a steel (3.2% C, 2.0% Si, 0.8% Mn, balance Fe) having a hardness on the Rockwell C scale of 98 and the amount of wear was measured by rotating the disc material while supplying a lubricating oil onto the contact surfaces under the following conditions.
Test Conditions
Amount of Lubrication Oil: 0.5 I/min
Lubrication Oil: Daphne Oil # 65 Load: 20 kg/cm2
Abrasion Speed: 5 m/sec
Driving Distance: 300 km
The results obtained are shown in the drawing, from which it can be seen that Samples 2 and 3 of the present invention exhibited less than half the wear of Sample 1 which has the conventional flame sprayed layer of iron and molyb
denum.
Claims (4)
1. A wear resistant slidablememberfor internal combustion engines comprising a wear resistant flame sprayed layer on the sliding surface of said member, wherein said layer comprises, in final composition, 20 to 97% by weight of a metal carbide having a Vickers hardness of at least 750, 0.5 to 4.5% by weight of molybdenum, and the balance iron or a ferro alloy.
2. A member as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the porosity of said flame sprayed wear resistant layer is not more than 30%.
3. A member as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein said wear resistant flame sprayed layer has a thickness of not more than 2.5 mm.
4. A wear resistant slidable member as Claimed in Claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the Example.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5730979A JPS585256B2 (en) | 1979-05-10 | 1979-05-10 | Sliding parts for internal combustion engines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2050434A true GB2050434A (en) | 1981-01-07 |
Family
ID=13051955
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8015416A Withdrawn GB2050434A (en) | 1979-05-10 | 1980-05-09 | Slidable members for internal combustion engines |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS585256B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3017907C2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2050434A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19628786A1 (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-04-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Sliding surface production |
WO2000037789A1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-29 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Cylinder housing and method for producing a cylinder housing |
US6095126A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-08-01 | Volkswagen Ag | Method of producing a slide surface on a light metal alloy |
US6159554A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-12-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Method of producing a molybdenum-steel slide surface on a light metal alloy |
DE102007010698A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of a coating |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3941381A1 (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-06-20 | Audi Ag | CYLINDER BLOCK FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
DE4325520A1 (en) * | 1992-08-08 | 1994-02-10 | Nagel Masch Werkzeug | Component used in combustion engines - has coating on surface towards working zone of a non-stick metal inert to reaction |
US5655955A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-08-12 | Nagel Maschinen Und Werekzeugfabrik Gmbh | Method and tool for improving the structure of the inner faces of working chambers of machines and motors |
DE10011918B4 (en) * | 2000-03-11 | 2004-07-15 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Piston ring with wear protection layer |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1054002A (en) * | ||||
GB1014383A (en) * | 1962-10-08 | 1965-12-22 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Hard metal deposits |
GB1069875A (en) * | 1963-07-19 | 1967-05-24 | Hepworth & Grandage Ltd | Improvements in or relating to piston rings |
US3539192A (en) * | 1968-01-09 | 1970-11-10 | Ramsey Corp | Plasma-coated piston rings |
JPS5544510A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1980-03-28 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Sliding member for internal combustion engine |
-
1979
- 1979-05-10 JP JP5730979A patent/JPS585256B2/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-05-09 GB GB8015416A patent/GB2050434A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-05-09 DE DE19803017907 patent/DE3017907C2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6095126A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-08-01 | Volkswagen Ag | Method of producing a slide surface on a light metal alloy |
US6159554A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-12-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Method of producing a molybdenum-steel slide surface on a light metal alloy |
US6280796B1 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 2001-08-28 | Volkswagen Ag | Method of producing a slide surface on a light metal alloy |
DE19628786A1 (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-04-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Sliding surface production |
WO2000037789A1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-29 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Cylinder housing and method for producing a cylinder housing |
DE102007010698A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of a coating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS55164070A (en) | 1980-12-20 |
DE3017907A1 (en) | 1980-11-20 |
DE3017907C2 (en) | 1984-02-02 |
JPS585256B2 (en) | 1983-01-29 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |