GB2042632A

GB2042632A - Sound-proofing I.C. Engines

Info

Publication number: GB2042632A
Application number: GB7906466A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Steyr Daimler Puch AG
Current assignee: Steyr Daimler Puch AG
Priority date: 1979-02-23
Filing date: 1979-02-23
Publication date: 1980-09-24
Also published as: GB2042632B

Abstract

A power unit (comprising cylinders 1, cylinder heads, pistons, connecting rods, a crankshaft 6 and crankshaft bearings 3, 4) is supported by members 12, 12a, 13, which insulate against structure-borne sound, within a crankcase 7 with an integral flywheel housing 8. An oil seal 14 is fitted between the power unit and the crankcase 7. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Reciprocating Internal-combustion Engine This invention relates to a reciprocating internal-combustion engine in which cylinders, cylinder heads, pistons, connecting rods, a crankshaft and crankshaft bearings constitute a power unit, which by means of supporting members insulating against structure-borne sound is oiltightly inserted in an outer pan, which is connected to a flywheel housing.

Because the power unit is separated from the outer pan and supporting elements which insulate against structure-borne sound are provided between the power unit and the outer pan, the sound waves which originate in the combustion chambers in the cylinders are kept from the outer pan and a radiation of sound is suppressed. In a reciprocating internal-combustion engine which is known from Opened German Specification 2,612,182, the power unit comprises a peripheral side frame disposed at one-half of the height of the cylinders and at said side frame is supported on the flat upper surface of the outer pan with an annular element, which insulates against structure-borne sound and constitutes also an oil seal between the outer pan and the power unit.

The top portion of the power unit comprises the cylinder heads and protrudes from the outer pan and can be shielded by a sound-insulating hood.

The sound-insulating element cannot be soundinsulating unless it is soft. On the other hand it consists of a supporting element and is loaded not only by the mass of the power unit but also by the engine torque, against which the outer pan must react. These influences result in considerable unfavorable deflections of the center of the crankshaft in a radial direction. The forces and torques which are due to the inertia of the crank mechanisms may also result in resonance and in increased deflections of the crankshaft because the entire power unit suspended in the outer pan can swing more or less like a pendulum. Finally the power unit is not sufficiently held against axial movement, e.g., when thrust forces are exerted by the clutch.Because the crankshaft and also the flywheel can move in all directions, they cannot be connected directly, in proved manner, to the other parts of the drive mechanism, e.g., to the clutch, but a relatively complicated, flexible intermediate coupling is provided, which adds to the bulk, structural expenditure and weight of the engine. Besides, an additional flexible seal must be provided between the outer pan and that end of the crankshaft which carries the flywheel. The other end of the crankshaft is not accessible at all so that such expensive seal need not be provided there. As a result, that end of the crankshaft cannot be used in the usual, simple manner for driving auxiliary machines disposed outside the outer pan but these machines must be mounted in the outer pan directly on the power unit. This involves great difficulties.Besides, if the starter is externally disposed, great disturbances regarding the meshing of gears at the periphery of the flywheel must be expected.

It is an object of the invention to eliminate these disadvantages and to provide a reciprocating internal-combustion engine which is of the kind described first hereinbefore and which provides an adequate insulation against a transmission of structure-borne sound between the power unit and the outer pan, a simple sealing of the oil sump formed by the pan and a resilient reaction against the engine torque but permits of a simple taking of power from the engine in the conventional manner and of a provision of auxiliary machines arranged in the usual manner and affords additional advantages.

This object is accomplished according to the invention in that the power unit is provided at both ends with sound-insulating and supporting members, which are coaxial to the crankshaft and center the power unit and hold it against axial movement in the outer pan, and only an oil seal is fitted between the power block and the top rim of the outer pan.

Because the power unit is centered in the outer pan by the members which insulate against structure-borne sound, the power unit can rock only about the axis of the crankshaft but cannot swing so as to change the position of the center of the crankshaft. For this reason the ends of the crankshaft can extend out of the outer pan in conventional manner and be provided with simple seals there. The auxiliary machines can readily be arranged outside the pan and driven in the proved manner. Power can be taken from the engine by a clutch which is close to the flywheel and a separate intermediate flexible coupling is not required. Difficulties regarding the meshing of a starter pinion need not be expected. Because the preferably annular sound-insulating members hold the power unit also against axial movement, axial guide means are not required.There is no path for the transmission of structure-borne sound to the outer pan and the power unit is supported only by means of the sound-insulating members. As a result, the outer pan and the parts connected to it are substantially insulated against structure-borne sound. This will be particularly desirabie if a reciprocating internal-combustion engine according to the invention is used in a tractor or construction machine because in such case the outer pan constitutes a structural part of the tractor body. No structure-borne sound is transmitted, e.g., to the gearbox. Such transmission of structure-borne sound has previously resulted in very disturbing noise in the cab of the tractor.Because the oil seal is not loaded by the weight of the power unit, a highly flexible oil seal may be used so that a transmission of structure-borne sound is virtually entirely precluded in this region too.

To avoid difficulties in assembling, particularly in view of the fact that both ends of the crankshaft protrude from the outer pan, the latter is divided in a transverse plane.

The sound-insulating members may consist of metal-clad rubber elements which comprise an inner ring secured to the power unit and an outer ring fixed in the outer pan. In that case the soundinsulating rings can also react against the engine torque so that the structural expenditure can be reduced.

If the sound-insuiating members consisting of metal-clad rubber elements should be particularly soft so that they provide an overcritical suspension in order to prevent a transmission of torque fluctuations to the outer pan, each soundinsulating member has preferably associated with it a guide ring, which consists of a material that insulates against structure-borne sound and is disposed between the power unit and the outer pan with a slight radial clearance. Such guide ring will engage after an even small radial movement and will ensure an adequate centering of the crankshaft in the outer pan but does not promote the transmission of sound because it consists of a material which insulates against structure-borne noise.It will be understood that any soundinsulating member consisting of a metal-clad rubber element may have progressive characteristic curves in the peripheral and radial directions if the configuration and material of the elastic part of the sound-insulating member is properly selected.

According to a further feature of the invention, an oil-handling gear pump known per se and having an internal gear is disposed within at least one of the sound-insulating members and comprises a housing which is fixed to the power unit. In that case there is no need for additional space for the oil pump and the expenditure required for the pump drive is eliminated.

Generally radial passages are provided in the pump housing and sound-insulating member and lead to and from an oil filter, which is mounted on the outer pan. Whereas the slight rocking of the axis of the crankshaft results in slight displacements of the mouths of the ports relative to each other at their interfaces, these displacements can easily be compensated if the cross-section of one of the passages at the interface is properly dimensioned. In any case, the oil conduits which are otherwise required on the outer pan and connect the power unit and the oil filter can be eliminated. Owing to the motion of the power unit such oil filters were previously subjected to high fatigue stresses so that they were liable to break. The externally arranged oil filter can be serviced more easily.

If the cylinders and cylinder heads of the reciprocating internal-combustion engine are integrated in a structural unit and the upper parts of the crankshaft bearings are screwed to said integral cylinders and cylinder heads, it will be particularly desirable to provide sound-insulating members which are directly or indirectly secured to a structural unit in which the upper parts of the crankshaft bearings are integrated.If it is desired in such case to remove the structural unit comprising the cylinders and cylinder heads, e.g., for a remachining of the valve seats, it will be sufficient to remove the screws which hold the lower parts of the crankshaft bearings and connecting-rod bearings so that the structural unit can be lifted upwardly together with the pistons and connecting-rods whereas the structural unit comprising the upper parts of the crankshaft bearings remain in position because they are secured to the sound insulating members. In the known arrangements of this kind, e.g., in accordance with Opened German Specification 2,638,009, the entire power unit inclusive of the crankshaft and flywheel must be removed for a removal of the structural unit comprising the cylinders and cylinder heads.The integration of the crankshaft bearings in a structural unit increases also the overall rigidity of the power unit. In order to facilitate the loosening of the lower parts of the crankshaft bearings and connnecting-rod bearings, the lower portion of the outer pan is provided with openings through which the screws for the crankshaft bearings and connecting-rod bearings are accessible and these openings can preferably be jointly closed by an additional bottom pan.

The outer pan may be sealed at its top by any desired hollow-sectional seal or by a diaphragm seal. More preferably the oil seal consists of an inflatable flexible tube, which will ensure a snug contact on the opposite surfaces whereas the seal itself can be highly flexible.

According to a further preferred feature of the invention the flexible tube is divided into chambers which are sealed against each other approximately in the plane which is defined by the axes of the cylinders. In that case the oil seal which consists of a flexible tube can also react against the torque of the power unit because the air in the flexible tube cannot escape from the loaded side of the flexible tube into the relieved opposite side. The flexible tube may be provided with projecting buffers, which extend with a clearance between those surfaces of the power unit and the outer pan which engage the oil seal.

When the flexible tube has been compressed on one side under a relatively high load which is due to the engine torque, the projecting buffers will then be engaged and will also be compressed on that side so that the reaction torque will increase progressively. That progression can be changed to match a desired characteristic curve if the projecting buffers are wedge-shaped and taper into the outer pan.

In order to increase the sealing action and to reduce the machining expenditure, those surfaces of the power unit and the outer pan which engage the oil seal may be left unmachined and coated with a sealing compound. Particularly if the seal consists of an inflatable flexible tube, it must be reliably held in position. This can be ensured and the sealing action can be improved if those surfaces of the power unit and of the outer pan which engage the oil seal are formed with a groove and the oil seal has a rib received in said groove.

If the upper part of the power unit is shielded by a hood, the top portion of the oil seal may be profiled to receive the rim of such hood so that there is no need for a separate resilient support for the hood.

An embodiment of the invention is shown by way of example on the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an axial sectional view showing those parts of a four-cylinder reciprocating internalcombustion engine which are essential for the invention and Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on line Il-Il in Fig. 1. The pistons and connectingrods have been omitted.

Cylinders 1 and cylinder-heads 2 are integrated in a structural unit, to which the upper parts 3 of the crankshaft bearings 3, 4 are connected by screws. These upper parts 3 of the crankshaft bearings form another structural unit. The lower parts 4 of the crankshaft bearings 3, 4 are connected by screws 5 to the upper parts 3, which form a structural unit, and also to the structural unit consisting of the cylinders 1 and cylinder heads 2. The power unit consists of the cylinders 1, cylinder heads 2, crankshaft bearings 3, 4, a crankshaft 6 and connecting rods and pistons, which are not shown. By means of supporting elements which insulate against structure-borne sound, that power unit is oiltightly fitted in an outer pan 7, which is integrally cast with a flywheel housing 8.The lower portion of the outer pan 7 is formed with openings 9, 10, through which the screws 5 for the crankshaft bearings 3, 4 and the screws for the connecting-rod bearings are accessible. These openings 9, 10 can be jointly closed by an additional bottom pan 11. The outer pan 7 is divided in a transverse plane E so that the completely pre-assembled power unit can be inserted into the outer pan.

The power unit is provided at both ends with sound-insulating members, which are coaxial to the crankshaft 6 and consist of insulating rings 12, 1 2a and 13 made of a material which insulates against structure-borne noise and serve also as supporting elements for centering and axially locating the power unit in the outer pan 7.

The insulating ring 1 2a holds the power unit against axial movement. An oil seal consisting of an inflatable flexible tube 1 4 is disposed between the upper rim 7a of the outer pan 7 and the structural unit which comprises the cylinders 1 and the cylinder heads 2 of the power unit. Those surfaces of the outer pan 7 and of the structural unit 1, 2 of the power unit and which engage the oil seal consisting of the flexible tube 1 4 are formed with a groove 1 5, in which a rib 1 6 of the oil seal 14 is received. The oil seal consisting of the flexible tube 14 is provided with wedgeshaped projecting buffers 17, which extend into the outer pan 7 and are tapered downwardly. The tube 14 has a profiled top portion 18, which receives the rim 1 9 of a cover 20 for the power unit. That cover is indicated in phantom.

At the right-hand end of the power unit in Fig.

1, an oil-handling gear pump is disposed radially inwardly of the sound-insulating ring 13 and consists of a housing 21, an internal gear 22 and a pinion 23. The sound-insulating ring 12 is directly connected by screws to the structural unit which comprises the upper parts 3. The soundinsulating ring 13 is indirectly secured to said structural unit through the intermediary of the housing 21 of the oil-handling gear pump.

Claims

1. A reciprocating internal-combustion engine in which cylinders, cylinder heads, pistons, connecting rods, a crankshaft and crankshaft bearings constitute a power unit, which by means of supporting members insulating against structure-borne sound is oiltightly inserted in an outer pan, which is connected to a flywheel housing, characterized in that the power unit is provided at both ends with sound-insulating and supporting members, which are coaxial to the crankshaft and center the power unit and hold it against axial movement in the outer pan, and only an oil seal is fitted between the power block and the top rim of the outer pan.

2. An internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer pan is divided in a transverse plane.

3. An internal-combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the soundinsulating members consist of metal-clad rubber elements which comprise an inner ring secured to the power unit and an outer ring fixed in the outer pan.

4. An internal-combustion engine accbrding to claim 3, characterized in that each soundinsulating member has associated with it a guide ring, which consists of a material that insulates against structure-borne sound and is disposed between the power unit and the outer pan with a slight radial clearance.

5. An internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that an oil-handling gear pump known per se and having an internal gear is disposed within at least one of the soundinsulating members and comprises a housing which is fixed to the power unit.

6. An internal-combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that generally radial passages are provided in the pump housing and sound-insulating member and lead to and from an oil filter, which is mounted on the outer pan.

7. An internal-combustion engine according to any of claims 1 to 6, in which the cylinders and cylinder heads of the reciprocating internalcombustion engine are integrated in a structural unit and the upper parts of the crankshaft bearings are screwed to said integral cylinders and cylinder heads, characterized in that the sound-insulating members are directly or indirectly secured to a structural unit in which the upper parts of the crankshaft bearings are integrated.

8. An internal-combustion engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the lower portion of the outer pan is provided with openings through which the screws for the crankshaft bearings and connecting-rod bearings are accessible and these openings can preferably be jointly closed by an additional bottom pan.

9. An internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil seal consists of an inflatable flexible tube.

10. An internal-combustion engine according to claim 9, characterized in that the flexible tube is divided into chambers, which are sealed against each other approximately in the plane which is defined by the axes of the cylinders.

11. An internal-combustion engine according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the flexible tube is provided with projecting buffers, which extend with a clearance between those surfaces of the power unit and the outer pan which engage the oil seal.

12. An internal-combustion engine according to any of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the projecting buffers are wedge-shaped and taper into the outer pan.

1 3. An internal-combustion engine according to claim 9, characterized in that those surfaces of the power unit and the outer pan which engage the oil seal are unmachined and coated with a sealing compound.

1 4. An internal-combustion engine according to any of claims 1 and 9 to 13, characterized in that those surfaces of the power unit and of the outer pan which engage the oil seal are formed with a groove and the oil seal has a rib received in said groove.

1 5. An internal-combustion engine according to any of claims 1 and 9 to 14, characterized in that the top portion of the oil seal is profiled to receive the rim of a known hood for the power unit.

1 6. An internal-combustion engine constructed and arranged substantially as herein described and as shown in the Figures of the accompanying drawings.