GB2042126A - Transmission shaft with splined coupling - Google Patents
Transmission shaft with splined coupling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2042126A GB2042126A GB7939515A GB7939515A GB2042126A GB 2042126 A GB2042126 A GB 2042126A GB 7939515 A GB7939515 A GB 7939515A GB 7939515 A GB7939515 A GB 7939515A GB 2042126 A GB2042126 A GB 2042126A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- shaft part
- cardan
- cardan shaft
- yoke
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
- F16C3/03—Shafts; Axles telescopic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
- F16D3/06—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
- F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
- F16D3/382—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another constructional details of other than the intermediate member
- F16D3/387—Fork construction; Mounting of fork on shaft; Adapting shaft for mounting of fork
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Steering Devices For Bicycles And Motorcycles (AREA)
- Steering Controls (AREA)
Abstract
A pair of telescopically arranged shaft parts (6, 11), are each provided with longitudinally arranged splines (7) whereby torque may be transmitted from one shaft part to the other, the inner shaft part (6) being so dimensioned that its outer diameter (D) divided by its inner diameter (d) is less than or equal to 1.2. Such a shaft assembly may be incorporated in a cardan shaft of sufficient strength while considerably reducing the weight thereof, relatively to shafts of prior art. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A cardan shaft
Description of invention
The present invention relates to a cardan shaft of the type comprising a pair of telescopically arranged shaft parts each shaft part being provided with longitudinally arranged splines, the splines of one shaft part co-operating with the splines of the other, so that torque may be transmitted from one shaft part to the other. Such a cardan shaft will hereinafter be referred to as a cardan shaft of the type specified.
One or both of the cardan shaft parts may be connected to one part of a universal joint, for example a bifurcated yoke, forming part of a Hookes joint.
Cardan shafts of the type specified are disclosed in
British Patent Specification No. 1,296,240. The cardan shaft described and illustrated in this Patent
Specification has a first bifurcated yoke formed integrally with the shaft partshaving internally arranged splines, the yoke and shaft part being formed from solid material. The other yoke has a shoulder axially extending therefrom, the yoke and shoulder also being formed from solid material.
Such a design has the disadvantage of being heavy because of the amount of material in the construction and furthermore, because of the large amount of material, is expensive to construct.
In order to reduce the cost and weight, the diameter of the shoulder or shaft part could be reduced. However, in this case, the torque or stress which can be transmitted by the shaft is considerably reduced. Furthermore, the interengaging splines of the respective shaft parts will be displaced from the central axis of the shaft by a smaller distance and hence there will be higher contact pressure between the splines which cannot always be compensated for by increasing the axial length of the splines, since the length of the spline section is determined by the required relative axial displacement of the shaft parts to be accommodated.
Other cardan shafts are known, for example as disclosed in West German Patent Specification No.
821,449 in which a bore is formed both in a shaft part and also through a joint fork forming part of the universal joint so that a saving weight is achieved.
However, the bored shaft part and fork has the disadvantage that the bending stiffness is reduced leading to possible deformation. Deformation of the shaft/joint fork gives an adverse effect in the functioning of the shaft and in particular on the bearings associated therewith increasing the load on the bearings and thereby considerably reducing the life of the cardan shaft.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cardan shaft that overcomes or reduces the abovementioned problems.
According to the present invention we provide a cardan shaft of the type specified wherein the inner shaft part is hollow, the dimensions of such inner shaft part being such that the outer diameter divided by the inner diameter is less than, or equal to, 1.2.
An advantage is gained with such an arrangement compared with the solid shaft part having the same weight but of considerably less diameter, in that the forces acting on the splined connection between the shaft parts are reduced since they decrease as the radial distance between the central axis of the shaft and the spline connection increases thus the life of the shaft will be favourably influenced.
Furthermore, by using a thin-walled tubular section for the inner shaft having relative dimensions of the inner and outer diameters as described above, a considerable weight saving is achieved.
If a hollow shaft has an inner diameter equal to 0.3 to 0.4 of the outer diameter, the moment of resistance is reduced by only about 0.8 to 2.6% compared with a solid shaft. There is however a weight saving of 9% to 16% in relation to the whole shaft. Making use of this knowledge by providing a hollow thinwalled connecting part of a joint member to the inner shaft part, there only needs to be a reinforce mentofthis part of 8% to 10% in order to provide a torque capacity similar to that of a solid shaft.
However, in this case the saving is 60% to 70% compared with the weight of a solid shaft.
Preferably, the inner shaft part carries part of the universal joint such as the bifurcated yoke of a
Hookes joint and, when it is required that the cardan shaft capable of transmitting a specific torque, it has been found advantageous that the relationship between the outer diameter of the inner shaft part, the outer diameter being the diameter of the externally splined part of the inner shaft part, and the diameter of rotation of the joint part is such that the diameter of rotation of the joint part divided by the outer diameter of the inner shaft part is less than or equal to 1.7.
The diameter of rotation of the joint part is the diameter of the circular locus of the radially outermost part of the joint part from the axis of revolution.
Each of the above parts forming the cardan shaft may carry part of a universal joint.
In view of the above arrangement, the outer diameter of the externally splined surface of the inner shaft part can be determined, after consideration of the rotational diameter of the yoke of the universal joint.
Thus, the outer diameter of the inner shaft part can be calculated after which the wall thickness of the inner shaft part may also be determined.
The externally splined inner shaft part may be manufactured integrally with a joint part, for example a joint yoke. With such an arrangement the hollow shaft part may be formed by forming a bore, preferably a blind bore, in the centre of the shaft.
Alternatively, it is possible for the externally splined inner shaft part to be formed as a pressed part and secured to a joint part by any suitable method such as welding. For example, the shaft section may be produced as a deep-drawn cup and subsequently welded to the yoke. The externally splined surface may be formed during the drawing or pressing operation during the forming of the shaft part or alternatively, may be formed as a separate operation. The pressed or drawn cup forming the shaft part may have a closed end which is subse quently pierced by a bore or alternatively may be formed with an open end.
The inner shaft part may comprise an externally splined hollow shaft part which in turn may be connected to one end of a connector part, the other end of which connector part is connected to the joint part, the connector part may also be tubular.
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a view partly in section of a cardan shaft according to the present invention connecting a pair of universal joints;
Figure 2 is a part-sectional view of part of a cardan shaft of the present invention formed integrally with the bifurcated yoke;
Figure 3 is a part-sectional view of part of a cardan shaft of the present invention including a bifurcated yoke the shaft part being assembled from two parts; and
Figure 4 is a part-sectional view of another cardan shaft of the present invention interconnecting a pair of universal joints.
The cardan shaft shown in Figure 1 comprises two co-axial cardan shaft sections 1 and 2 which carry respective universal joints 3 and 4 at their outer ends.
The cardan shaft section 1 has an inner shaft part 5 provided with externally arranged splines 7. The splines 7 co-operate with internal splines provided on the inner surface of outer shaft part 11, thus allowing relative co-axial movement of the shaft part while preventing relative rotational movement between the shaft parts in order that torque may be transmitted from one to the other. Torque is thus transmitted from one universal joint 3 to the universal joint 4 through the splines 7. The inner shaft part 5 is of hollow tubular-like configuration and provided with an inner cavity 8.
The inner shaft 5 is shown in more detail in Figure 2 and in this case is shown as being constructed integrally with a bifurcated yoke 9. The inner surface of the yoke i.e. the surface extending transversely to the axial direction of the cardan shaft is closed forming a closed end for the cavity 8 formed within the inner shaft part 5. The external surface of the shaft part 5 being provided with longitudinally arranged splines 7 for transmission of torque to the other shaft part.
The outer diameter D of the splined surface of the shaft part 5 is so related to the inner diameter dof the inner shaft part 5 so that the outer diameter D divided by the inner diameter d is equal to or less than 1.2.
The outer diameter D of the inner shaft part 5 is also related to the diameter of rotation R of the joint yoke 9. The respective dimensions of the diameter of rotation R of the joint yoke and the outer diameter of the inner shaft part 5 are such that the rotational diameter of the yoke divided by the outer diameter D of shaft part 5 is equal to or less than 1.7.
Figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of the inner shaft part 5. In this embodiment, the inner shaft part is formed, as a deep drawn cup 10, separately from the joint yoke 9. The cup 10 and the yoke 9 are subsequently connected together by welding. The exterior surface of the cup 10 is provided with splines 7. The end of the cup 10 remote from the joint yoke 9 may be left closed as shown in Figure 3a or it may be provided with an opening or bore as shown in Figure 3b.
The ratio of the outer diameter D compared with the inner diameter d is as aforedescribed in relation to the embodiment shown in Figure 2. Furthermore, the ratio of the outer diameter D relative to the rotational diameter R of the joint yoke 9 is the same as described in relation to the embodiment shown in
Figure 2. The joint yoke 9 is once again formed with a closed inner surface which assists in providing the desired stiffness of the assembly.
Referring now to Figure 4, another cardan shaft embodying the invention is illustrated, the principle of construction being similar to that as shown in
Figure 1 although in this case the shaft section 1, secured to the yoke 9 of the universal joint 3 is provided with an adaptor part 11 which has an internal splined surface which engages with the externally splined surface 7 of an inner shaft partS.
The inner shaft part 6 is connected to a connector part 12 which in turn is connected to a bifurcated yoke of a universal joint.
Once again, the outer diameter D of the splined external surface of inner shaft part 6 is such that the outer diameter D divided by the inner diameter d of the inner shaft part 6 is less than or equal to 1.2 and the rotational diameter R of the connected yoke 9, divided by the outer diameter D, is less than or equal to 1.7.
Both the joint yokes illustrated in this embodiment are provided with closed inner surfaces transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cardan shaft and since both the adaptor part 11 and connector part 12 are thin-walled members, the resulting cardan shaft is of very light construction.
Claims (13)
1. Acardan shaft of the type specified wherein the inner shaft part is hollow, the dimensions of said inner shaft part being such that the outer diameter divided by the inner diameter is less than or equal to 1.2.
2. A cardan shaft as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the inner shaft is connected to a universal joint yoke and wherein the rotational diameter of the joint yoke divided by the outer diameter of the inner shaft part is less than or equal to 1.7.
3. A cardan shaft as claimed in Claim 2 wherein said shaft part is formed integrally with said joint yoke.
4. A cardan shaft as claimed in Claim 2 wherein said shaft part is formed from a drawn or pressed part and is subsequently connected to said joint yoke.
5. A cardan shaft as claimed in Claim 2 wherein a surface of said yoke transverse to the longituduinal axis of said shaft part is imperforate.
6. A cardan shaft as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein said outer shaft part is connected to a universal joint yoke.
7. A cardan shaft as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the said inner shaft part is connected to said universal joint yoke by a hollow connector member.
8. A cardan shaft of the type specified substan tally as hereinbefore described.
9. A cardan shaft substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A cardan shaft of the type specified including an inner shaft part substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in
Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
11. A cardan shaft of the type specified including an inner shaft part substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
12. A cardan shaft substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in
Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
13. A cardan shaft of the type specified including any novel feature or combination of features as described herein and or illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19782849541 DE2849541A1 (en) | 1978-11-15 | 1978-11-15 | UNIVERSAL SHAFT |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2042126A true GB2042126A (en) | 1980-09-17 |
GB2042126B GB2042126B (en) | 1982-12-22 |
Family
ID=6054734
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB7939515A Expired GB2042126B (en) | 1978-11-15 | 1979-11-15 | Transmission shaft with splined coupling |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5569323A (en) |
DD (1) | DD146990A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2849541A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES484067A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2441760B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2042126B (en) |
IT (2) | IT1207880B (en) |
PL (1) | PL219573A1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO77140A (en) |
SE (1) | SE7908613L (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2209318A (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-05-10 | Manuel Munoz Saiz | A monorail vehicle |
US5360377A (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1994-11-01 | Mercedes-Benz Do Brasil S.A. | Extra short telescopic transmission shaft with shaft section diameters greater than coupling fork diameters |
US5868517A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1999-02-09 | Unisia Jecs Corporation | Spline arrangement for shaft coupling structure |
US20110143845A1 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-06-16 | Jtekt Corporation | Propeller shaft |
WO2011150619A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-08 | 杭州万向传动轴有限公司 | Hollow shaft yoke spline pair |
CN102466028A (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2012-05-23 | 谢夫勒科技有限两合公司 | Planet transmission device |
US9897134B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2018-02-20 | Spicer Gelenkwellenbau Gmbh | Length adjustment for a drive shaft |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8408673D0 (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1984-05-16 | Piper Products Ltd | Transmitting torque |
JPS63112616U (en) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-20 | ||
JPS63157526U (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-17 | ||
JPH02114214U (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-09-12 | ||
JP2547864Y2 (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1997-09-17 | 日本車輌製造株式会社 | Pantograph movable device of pendulum vehicle |
JPH07259871A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-09 | Matsui Seisakusho:Kk | Drive shaft and method and device for manufacturing it |
EP0707157B1 (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 2003-07-09 | Matsui Universal Joint Manufacturing Company | Method of producing a propeller shaft |
JP2006064060A (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-03-09 | Ntn Corp | Constant velocity universal joint |
CN102748404A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-24 | 无锡千里马车业制造有限公司 | Split type drive shaft of tricycle |
CN104088919A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-08 | 合肥万向钱潮汽车零部件有限公司 | Split type duplex transmission shaft assembly |
CN104088921A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-08 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Transmission shaft |
EP2980434A1 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-03 | Spicer Gelenkwellenbau GmbH | Shaft dog for a drive shaft, drive shaft and method for manufacturing a shaft dog |
CN104196903A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-10 | 江苏荣基重工科技有限公司 | Cross-shaft type universal coupling with spline pair |
JP6528848B2 (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2019-06-12 | 日本精工株式会社 | Yoke integrated shaft and telescopic shaft |
TR201807402A2 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-06-21 | Tirsan Kardan Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | A FORK SLIDER SHAFT FOR SNOW SHAFT APPLICATIONS |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3293884A (en) * | 1961-08-03 | 1966-12-27 | Grob Inc | Power transmitting element |
US4125000A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1978-11-14 | Grob, Inc. | Telescopic tubular power transmitting unit |
-
1978
- 1978-11-15 DE DE19782849541 patent/DE2849541A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1979
- 1979-08-27 JP JP10824379A patent/JPS5569323A/en active Pending
- 1979-09-11 ES ES484067A patent/ES484067A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-17 SE SE7908613A patent/SE7908613L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-11-08 DD DD79216775A patent/DD146990A5/en unknown
- 1979-11-08 IT IT7905250A patent/IT1207880B/en active
- 1979-11-08 IT IT7907086U patent/IT7907086V0/en unknown
- 1979-11-13 PL PL21957379A patent/PL219573A1/xx unknown
- 1979-11-15 GB GB7939515A patent/GB2042126B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-15 FR FR7928205A patent/FR2441760B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-15 RO RO7999241A patent/RO77140A/en unknown
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2209318A (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-05-10 | Manuel Munoz Saiz | A monorail vehicle |
US5360377A (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1994-11-01 | Mercedes-Benz Do Brasil S.A. | Extra short telescopic transmission shaft with shaft section diameters greater than coupling fork diameters |
US5868517A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1999-02-09 | Unisia Jecs Corporation | Spline arrangement for shaft coupling structure |
US20110143845A1 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-06-16 | Jtekt Corporation | Propeller shaft |
US8409019B2 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2013-04-02 | Jtekt Corporation | Propeller shaft |
US8814028B2 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2014-08-26 | Jtekt Corporation | Method of removing bulging portions to manufacture a friction welded propeller shaft |
WO2011150619A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-08 | 杭州万向传动轴有限公司 | Hollow shaft yoke spline pair |
CN102466028A (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2012-05-23 | 谢夫勒科技有限两合公司 | Planet transmission device |
CN102466028B (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2016-03-30 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | planetary transmission |
US9897134B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2018-02-20 | Spicer Gelenkwellenbau Gmbh | Length adjustment for a drive shaft |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT7905250A0 (en) | 1979-11-08 |
IT7907086V0 (en) | 1979-11-08 |
GB2042126B (en) | 1982-12-22 |
FR2441760B1 (en) | 1986-03-21 |
SE7908613L (en) | 1980-05-16 |
ES484067A1 (en) | 1980-05-16 |
DE2849541A1 (en) | 1980-05-22 |
JPS5569323A (en) | 1980-05-24 |
DD146990A5 (en) | 1981-03-11 |
RO77140A (en) | 1981-06-22 |
PL219573A1 (en) | 1980-08-11 |
FR2441760A1 (en) | 1980-06-13 |
IT1207880B (en) | 1989-06-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |