GB2037449A - Liquid crystal cell - Google Patents
Liquid crystal cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2037449A GB2037449A GB7939492A GB7939492A GB2037449A GB 2037449 A GB2037449 A GB 2037449A GB 7939492 A GB7939492 A GB 7939492A GB 7939492 A GB7939492 A GB 7939492A GB 2037449 A GB2037449 A GB 2037449A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- sealant layer
- substrates
- substrate
- display element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
In a liquid crystal cell in which a substrate 1 carries both a lead electrode 3' and a group of electrode segments 3 for each one of a plurality of electrodes 4 on an opposed substrate 2 the lead 3' and the associated electrode 4 both extend beyond a recessed (at least locally) seal 5, and metal films 7' are provided on the revealed face and the edge of each substrate and are joined by solder 8' whereby segments 3 and electrodes 4 may be energised from the same substrate 1. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Liquid crystal display element
This invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, and more particularly to a connection arrangement for establishing an electrical connection between an electrode formed on one surface of one of two substrates disposed opposite to each other and an electrode formed on one surface of the other substrate to be connected to an external power source.
The prior art and this invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of one form of a prior art liquid crystal display element;
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken the line Il-Il in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line Ill-Ill in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line V-V in Fig. 4; and
Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of another embodiment of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.
A liquid crystal display element is a display means of the type which utilizes such an electrooptical effect of a liquid crystal that the orientation of its molecules varies in response to the application of an electric field. The usefulness of the liquid crystal display element for various display purposes including digital display of characters and numerals on desk calculators and digital wrist watches is widely acknowledged in the field of digital display because of such merits of the liquid crystal display element that it does not require a high voltage for operation, the power consumption is low, the size of displayed characters and numerals can be freely-designed, and it can provide a desk calculator or a digital wrist watch of reduced thickness.
Referring now to Figs. 1 to 3 showing the structure of one form of a prior art liquid crystal display element, two substrates 1 and 2 made of a light-transmitting glass material are disposed opposite to each other, and electrodes 3 and 4 each in the form of a transparent conductive film of a predetermined pattern are deposited on the confronting inner surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 respectively. The substrate 1 is further provided with another or lead electrode 3' which is also in the form of a transparent conductive film for electrical connection to an external circuit. The lead electrode 3' is electrically connected to the electrode 4 on the substrate 2 to act as a lead for electrically connecting the electrode 4 to an external power source or a driver circuit.The two substrates 1 and 2 have approximately the same length in the lateral direction in Fig. 1, but the substrate 1 has a width larger than that of the substrate 2 in the direction orthogonal to the lateral direction in Fig. 1 lead terminals each in the form of a transparent conductive film are provided on an area of the inner surface of the substrate 1 to electrically connect the electrodes 3 and 3' to the external power source or driver circuit. More precisely, such terminals are located on an area of the inner surface of the substrate 1 which extends outwards beyond the corresponding peripheral edge of the substrate 2 when the substrates 1 and 2 are assembled together in a predetermined
positional relationship.
The substrates 1 and 2 are arranged to
maintain a predetermined gap of from 5 ,u to less
than 20 y therebetween by means of an
interposed sealant layer 5 or by a spacer means
when so desired. The sealant layer 5 acts also to
seal the peripheral areas of the substrates 1 and 2
thereby defining a closed space between the
substrates 1 and 2. A liquid crystal 6 of, for
example, the nematic type having the rotatory
power is enclosed within this closed space.The
sealant layer 5 is provided by coating a sealant, which may be a paste of frit glass, along the planar
peripheral areas of the electrode-bearing surface of at least one of the substrates 1 and 2 in a
pattern having a predetermined width and a
predetermined thickness or height, and subjecting
the sealant to firing treatment at a suitable
temperature after assembling the other substrate
with the substrate having the sealant coated
thereon.
The electrode 3 includes a plurality of electrode segments, and the electrode 4 includes one or a plurality of common electrodes associated with at
least two electrode segments of the electrode 3.
Thus, when a voltage is applied across selected
ones of the electrode segments and the associated common electrode for the display of a desired character or numeral, the orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal portion lying between the selected electrode segments and the associated common electrode is varied to display the desired character or numeral. In order to charge and enclose the liquid crystal 6 within the closed space defined between the substrates 1 and 2, a liquid crystal charging port 10 is provided at a suitable position in the portion of the sealant layer 5 having the outer peripheral edge aligning substantially with the planar peripheral edges of the substrates 1 and 2, as shown in Fig. 1. This port 10 is plugged after the liquid crystal 6 has been charged into the space defined between the substrates 1 and 2.
This port 10 is utilized also to establish the electrical connection between the lead electrode 3' and the electrode 4. To this end, one end of the electrode 3' and the associated end of the electrode 4 extend to the confronting inner surface portions of the substrates 1 and 2 defining the upper and lower walls of the port 10, and a film 7 of Ni-Cr.Au is depositied by the evaporation technique on the inner wall surfaces of the port 10 and on-the corresponding end surfaces 11 and 21 of the respective substrates 1 and 2, as shown in
Fig. 2.After chargingFthe liquid crystal 6 into the space between the substrates 1 and 2, a bead of
solder 8 is deposited by fusion on the Ni-Cr.Au film 7 for the purposes of plugging the port 10 and
establishing the electrical connection between the
electrodes 3' and 4, as shown in Fig. 2. The Ni Cr.Au film 7 is deposited so that the solder 8 can
be satisfactorily bonded to the end surfaces 11 and 21 of the respective substrates 1 and 2 and
also to the surfaces of the electrodes 3' and 4.
However, when the liquid crystal display element is adapted to be driven in a time multiplexing
mode, the electrode 4 is generally composed of a plurality of common electrodes, and a plurality of lead electrodes 3' each associated with one of these common electrodes are provided for the purpose of time-multiplexed digital display. Such a liquid crystal display element requires a plurality of electrical connections corresponding to the number of the pairs of the common electrodes and lead electrodes to be connected to each other. The aforementioned connection arrangement utilizing the liquid crystal charging port 10 for electrical connection can be employed for one of the pairs of the common electrodes and the lead electrodes.
However, separate connection arrangements must be provided for the remaining pairs of the common electrodes and the lead electrodes.
The prior art practice for satisfying the above requirement has comprised extending the associated ends of one of the remaining pairs of the lead electrodes 3' and the common electrodes 4 until they terminate at the end surfaces 11 and 21 of the respective substrates 1 and 2, depositing the Ni-Cr.Au film 7 by evaporation on these portions of the end surfaces 11 and 21 and also on the associated outer peripheral edge portion of the sealant layer 5, and depositing a bead of solder 8 by fusion on this Ni-Cr.Au film 7 to establish the electrical connection between the lead electrode 3' and the common electrode 4, as shown in Fig. 3. In such a prior art connection arrangement, however, the Ni-Cr.Au film 7 and - the solder 8 are applied only on those portions of the end surfaces 11 and 21 of the substrates 1 and 2 and on the associated outer peripheral edge portion of the sealant layer 5 and are not applied on the confronting inner surface portions of the substrates 1 and 2. Consequently, mal-contact has frequently occurred between the lead electrode 3' and/or the common electrode 4 and the Ni-Cr.Au film 7, hence, the solder 8, resulting in a reduced reliability of the electrieal connection between the lead electrode 3' and the common electrode 4 constituting the pair.
According to another method of establishing the electrical connection between the lead electrode 3' and the common electrode 4 in the area except the liquid crystal charging port 10, a conductive paste is coated at a suitable position along the sealant layer 5. This conductive paste thus coated is in contact with one end of the lead electrode 3' on the inner surface of the substrate 1 and in contact with the associated end of the common electrode 4 on the inner surface of the substrate 2.However, this connection arrangement utilizing the conductive paste for
electrical connection is not still completely free
from the undesirable reduction in the reliability of
the electrical connection between the lead
electrode 3' and the common electrode 4 due to
the fact that its bonding force is not so high
compared with that of the combination of the Ni Cr.Au film 7 and the solder 8. Further, this
conductive paste is generally coated by, for
example, the hand of the worker. The conductive
paste must be so manually coated as to be only in
contact with one end of the lead electrode 3' and
with the associated end of the common electrode
4. The necessity for coating the conductive paste
on a limited, very narrow area with high
dimensional accuracy renders the coating step
quite time-consuming and troublesome.Also, this
method is not suitable for mass production since
the conductive paste must be coated as many
times as the number of the pairs of the lead
electrodes 3' and the common electrodes 4.
It is therefore a primary object of the present
invention to obviate the prior art defects pointed
out above and to provide a liquid crystal display
element comprising means for improving the
reliability of the electrical connections between
the lead electrodes and the common electrodes
deposited respectively on the two substrates
disposed opposite to each other and also
improving the mass productivity of the liquid
crystal display element.
According to the present invention there is
provided a liquid crystal display element
comprising in combination a first substrate and a
second substrate disposed opposite to each other
with a predetermined gap maintained
therebetween, a sealant layer interposed with a
predetermined width and a predetermined height
between the first and second substrates to extend
along the planar peripheral areas of the ,substrates, the sealant layer having outer - - peripheral edges defining part of the side walls of
the liquid crystal display element and having inner
peripheral edges defining a closed space together
with the confronting inner surfaces of the
substrates, a first electrode formed in a
predetermined pattern on the inner surface of the
first substrate and split into a plurality of electrode
segments, a second electrode formed in a
predetermined pattern on the inner surface of the
second substrate and including at least two - common electrodes each associated with a group
of selected ones of the electrode segments formed
on the first substrate, at least two lead electrodes
formed on the inner surface of the first substrate,
the lead electrodes being connectable to the
common electrodes formed on the second
substrate respectively and connectable also to
predetermined terminals of an external circuit
respectively, and a liquid crystal charged and
enclosed in the closed space, wherein at least a
portion of a selected section of the sealant layer
has a specific outer peripheral edge spaced
inwards by a predetermined distance from the
planar peripheral edges of the first and second
substrates, at least one of the common electrodes and at least one of the lead electrodes being selected to establish an electrical connection therebetween in the selected section of the sealant layer and each having one end portion thereof extended outwards beyond the specific outer peripheral edge of the selected section of the sealant layer, and the liquid crystal display element further comprises a metal film deposited at least on the portion of each of the confronting inner surfaces of the first and second substrates extending outwards beyond the specific outer peripheral edge of the selected section of the sealant layer, and a metal material disposed at least between the portions of the confronting inner surfaces of the first and second substrates extending outwards beyond the specific outer peripheral edge of the selected section of the sealant layer, to make bonding engagement with the confronting inner surface portions of the substrates through the metal film.
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals are used to designate the same parts appearing in Fig. 1. Referrimb to Fig. 4, the sealant layer 5 is coated in such a relation that the width W' of a selected section 51 thereof is relatively large compared with that W of the remaining sections. The width W' of this wider sealant layer section 51 is in the order of 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm although the width W of the remaining sections of the sealant layer 5 is usually in the order of 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm. The wider sealant layer section 51 includes at a suitable position thereof a sealant-free cut-out having a length / larger than 0.4 mm and a depth d larger than 0.05 mm.Therefore, this cut-out portion in the selected section of the sealant layer 5 has a specific outer peripheral edge spaced inwards by the distance d from the end surfaces 11 and 21 or corresponding marginal edges of the respective substrates 1 and 2. Thus, the corresponding end portions of the confronting inner surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 extend outwards beyond this specific outer peripheral edge of the sealant layer 5. One end of the lead electrode 3' and the associated end of the common electrode 4, except those of the lead electrode 3' and common electrode 4 connected to each other utilizing the liquid crystal charging port 10, extend to these end portions of the confronting inner surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2.Due to the provision of the cut-out in the sealant layer 5, a recess 9 is formed in the side wall of the liquid crystal display element defined by the end surfaces 11, 21 of the respective substrates 1, 2 and the specific outer peripheral edge of the sealant layer 5 when the substrates 1 and 2 are assembled with the sealant layer 5 interposed therebetween. This recess 9 has a length larger than 0.4 mm, a height of from 5 iu to less than 20 which is equal to the gap between the substrates 1 and 2, and a depth larger than 0.05 mm.
As described hereinbefore, one end of the lead electrode 3' and the associated end of the common electrode 4, except those of the lead electrode 3' and common electrode 4 connected to each other utilizing the liquid crystal charging port 10, extend to the corresponding end portions of the inner surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 defining the confronting inner walls of this recess 9. As shown in Fig. 5, a Ni-Cr Au film 7' is deposited by evaporation on the peripheral area of the opening of the recess 9 and on the inner surfaces of the recess 9 in the side wall of the liquid crystal display element, and a bead of solder 8' is deposited by fusion on this Ni-Cr Au film 7' to establish the electrical connection between the lead electrode 3' and the common electrode 4.
According to such a connection arrangement, the Ni-Cr Au film 7' is deposited by evaporation to cover the inner surface portion of the substrate 1 having one end of the lead electrode 3' extended thereto and to cover the inner surface portion of the substrate 2 having the associated end of the common electrode 4 extended thereto, and the solder 8' is then deposited by fusion on this Ni-Cr
Au film 7'. This connection arrangement is therefore advantageous in that the area of bonding engagement between the solder 8' and the ends of the electrodes 3' and 4 is increased while ensuring a satisfactory bond therebetween, and the reliability of the electrical connection is substantially equivalent to that of the electrical connection utilizing the liquid crystal charging port 10.
In the connection arrangement shown in Fig. 4, the recess 9 is formed in the vicinity of the liquid crystal charging port 10, and the electrical connection between the lead electrode 3' and the common electrode 4, except those connected utilizing the liquid crystal charging port 10 is established in this recess 9. This connection arrangement is thus also advantageous in that the
Ni-Cr Au films 7 and 7' can be simultaneously deposited by evaporation, and also, the solders 8 and 8' can be simultaneously deposited by fusion.
It is apparent that another section 52 of the sealant layer 5 may have a relatively large width as described hereinbefore, and the recess 9 provided for establishing the electrical connection between the lead electrode 37 and the common electrode 4 may be located at a suitable positon in this section 52. Especially, when the number of the pairs of the lead electrodes 3' and the common electrodes 4 is large, it will be necessary to form a plurality of such recesses 9 in each of the sealant layer sections 51 and 52.
It may not be utterly impossible to provide the recess 9 in one or both of the section other than the sections 51 and 52 of the sealant layer 5, that is, the sections extending in the lateral direction in
Fig. 4, for the purpose of establishing the electrical connection between the lead electrode 3' and the common electrode 4. However, in view of the fact that a plurality of lead terminals extend through these sealant layer sections as described hereinbefore, deposition of the Ni-Cr Au film 7' by evaporation as well as deposition of the solder 8' by fusion must be carefully carried out so as not to adversely affect the function of these lead terminals, resulting in a troublesome process.
In the embodiment described hereinbefore, the aforementioned cut-out has been provided in a portion of the selected section 51 and/or the selected section 52 of the sealant layer 5 thereby defining the aforementioned specific outer peripheral edge in that portion of the section 51 and/or the section 52. However, when the design of the liquid crystal display element permits, at least one of the sections 51 and 52 of the sealant layer 5 may have such a configuration that its entire outer peripheral edge is spaced inwards by the distance dfrom the end surfaces or the marginal edges of the substrates 1 and 2, as shown in Fig. 6. In this modification, the sealant layer 5 has the aforementioned specific outer peripheral edge over the entire length of the section 51 and/or the section 52. The ends of the selected lead electrodes 3' and common electrodes 4 extend outwards beyond the outer peripheral edge of the section 51 and/or the section 52 of the sealant layer 5, and the lead electrodes 3' are electrically connected to the associated common electrodes 4 by the deposition of the Ni-Cr Au film 7' by evaporation followed by the deposition of the solder 8' by fusion.
Claims (5)
1. A liquid crystal display element comprisng in combination:
a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other with a predetermined gap maintained therebetween;
a sealant layer interposed with a predetermined width and a predetermined height between said first and second substrates to extend along the planar peripheral areas of said substrates, said sealant layer having outer peripheral edges defining part of the side walls of said liquid crystal
display element and having inner peripheral edges
defining a closed space together with the
confronting inner surfaces of said substrates;
a first electrode formed in a predetermined
pattern on the inner surface of said first substrate
and including a plurality of electrode segments;;
a second electrode formed in a predetermined
pattern on the inner surface of said second
substrate and including at least two common
electrodes each associated with a group of
selected ones of said electrode segments formed
on said first substrate;
at least two lead electrodes formed on the inner surface of said first substrate, said lead electrodes being connectable to said common electrodes formed on said second substrate respectively and connectable also to predetermined terminals of an external circuit respectively; and
a liquid crystal charged and enclosed in said closed space, wherein;
at least a portion of a selected section of said sealant layer has a specific outer peripheral edge spaced inwards by a predetermined distance from the planar peripheral edges of said first and second substrates;
each of selected one of said common electrodes and selected one of said lead electrodes has one end portion thereof extended outwards beyond said specific outer peripheral edge of said selected section of said sealant layer; and
said liquid crystal display element further comprises a metal film deposited at least on the portion of each of the confronting inner surfaces of said first and second substrates extending outwards beyond said specific outer peripheral edge of said selected section of said sealant layer, and a metal material disposed at least between said portions of the confronting inner surfaces of said first and second substrates extending outwards beyond said specific outer peripheral edge of said selected section of said sealant layer, to make bonding engagement with said confronting inner surface portions of said substrates through said metal film.
2. A liquid crystal display element as claimed in
Claim 1, wherein said selected section of said sealant layer includes a plurality of portions each having said specific outer peripheral edge.
3. A liquid crystal display element as claimed in
Claim 1, wherein the entirety of said selected section of said sealant layer has said specific outer peripheral edge.
4. A liquid crystal display element as claimed in
Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said selected section of said sealant layer is that section of said sealant layer which extends along the planar marginal edges of said first and second substrates which align with each other substantially in a plan view of said liquid crystal display element.
5. A liquid crystal display element substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 4 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP53139905A JPS5825246B2 (en) | 1978-11-15 | 1978-11-15 | liquid crystal display element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2037449A true GB2037449A (en) | 1980-07-09 |
| GB2037449B GB2037449B (en) | 1983-04-13 |
Family
ID=15256348
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7939492A Expired GB2037449B (en) | 1978-11-15 | 1979-11-14 | Liquid crystal cell |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5825246B2 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH625351A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2037449B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6690032B1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2004-02-10 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Electro-optical device and method of manufacture thereof, and electronic instrument |
| DE10228523B4 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2017-09-21 | Lg Display Co., Ltd. | touch tablet |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09222612A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-26 | Sony Corp | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP3993180B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2007-10-17 | 株式会社不二機販 | Functional sheet |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5323649A (en) * | 1976-08-18 | 1978-03-04 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display cell |
| JPS5734493Y2 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1982-07-30 |
-
1978
- 1978-11-15 JP JP53139905A patent/JPS5825246B2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-11-12 CH CH1007579A patent/CH625351A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-14 GB GB7939492A patent/GB2037449B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6690032B1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2004-02-10 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Electro-optical device and method of manufacture thereof, and electronic instrument |
| DE10228523B4 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2017-09-21 | Lg Display Co., Ltd. | touch tablet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2037449B (en) | 1983-04-13 |
| JPS5825246B2 (en) | 1983-05-26 |
| JPS5567727A (en) | 1980-05-22 |
| CH625351A5 (en) | 1981-09-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |