GB2031168A - A battery testing arrangement - Google Patents
A battery testing arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2031168A GB2031168A GB7933935A GB7933935A GB2031168A GB 2031168 A GB2031168 A GB 2031168A GB 7933935 A GB7933935 A GB 7933935A GB 7933935 A GB7933935 A GB 7933935A GB 2031168 A GB2031168 A GB 2031168A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- digital
- value
- analog
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
Abstract
This operates on the principle that the values of the battery terminal voltage and of the voltage drop at a load-current carrying shunt 6 are converted 8, 9 into digital values and added 11. The total value is multiplied 14 by a digital value dependent 24 on the battery electrolyte temperature and by a digital value dependent 23 on the magnitude of the load current J, to provide an indication 17 of the battery state of charge. Each individual cell 3 of the battery 1 may be separately monitored via multiplexer 26. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A battery testing arrangement
This invention relates to a battery testing arrangement for monitoring and indicating the state of charge of a battery. The basic principle of operation of the arrangement is that the e.m.f of the battery and consequently the capacity are determined by the addition andlor comparison of battery terminal voltage and voltage drop at a shunt through which flows battery load current.
Various electrical measuring devices are already known for the determination of the state of charge and discharge of a battery. The known measuring methods are mainly based on the fact that the e.m.f.
of a battery is a measurement of the capacity. A discharge recorder is known from the book "Lead and Steel Accumulators" by Erich Witte, Krauskopf
Publishers, 3rd ed., 1967, pp. 61-62, in the case of which a terminal voltage measurement of a battery is corrected in a device by an additional current measurement so that the indicated value reproduces approximately the internal e.m.f. An adjustable shunt is used for the current measurement.
Another measuring device, known from German
Auslegeschrift 2 321 108, adjusts the terminal voltage with respect to the load current by means of a sum-and-difference amplifier with adjustable amplification factor being connected at the output side to a fixed shunt without a defined measuring instrument lead. To protect a battery from damage the discharge must be terminated in the event of a minimum voltage - th so-called final discharge voltage. The final discharge voltage amounts to approximately 80% of the battery discharge. This final discharge voltage is detected by the known device and registered accordingly.
It is also known to monitor the capacity of a battery by means of a forward - and backward-running ampere-hour meter (Erich Witte - "Lead and Steel
Accumuiators", Krauskopf Publ. 3rd ed. 1967, pp.
64-65).
Since, in practice, the load current of a battery does not correspond to the discharge current belonging to the discharge period of the capacitive data, only an approximate capacitive determination is possible using the known devices. In the case of batteries which are subject to fluctuations in temperature the inaccuracies are increased.
According to the present invention there is provided a battery testing arrangement for monitoring and indicating the state of charge of a battery, comprising first voltage sensing means for sensing terminal voltage value of the battery, a shunt for receiving load current produced by the battery, second voltage sensing means for sensing voltage drop value across the shunt, analog to digital converters for converting into digital form the values sensed by the first and second voltage sensing means, adding means for forming the digital sum value of digital values from the analog to digital converters, temperature sensing means for sensing battery electrolyte temperature value, multiplying means for multiplying said digital sum value by a digital amount depending upon the load current value and the battery electrolyte temperature value, and indicating means for indicating the output value of the multiplying means.
The analog-to-digital converter for conversion of the battery terminal voltage value may be connected to individual cells of the battery via a multiplexer.
Monitoring of the individual battery cells can thereby take place in the case of multi-cell batteries. Thus it becomes possible to apply measures through which is avoided the danger that a defective cell might jeopardise the overall function of a battery.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how it may be put into effect reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is an illustration which clarifies the basic construction of a battery testing arrangement for monitoring and indicating the state of charge of a battery; and
Figure2 is an actual circuit diagram of a battery testing arrangement employing a microprocessor.
In Figure 1 a battery is indicated by the numeral 1, in which battery several cells 3 are arranged in series connection in a space 2. A load or charger 7 is connected to terminals 4 and 5 of the battery in series with a shunt 6.
In order to determine the e.m.f. and thus the fundamental capacity of the battery 1, the terminal voltage U of the battery 1 and the respective load or charge current J are determined, the current J being determined with the aid of the current measuring shunt having resistance Rs. Since the internal resistance Ri of an accumulator battery is virtually constant up to approximately an 80% discharge, the fundamental capacity can be described according to the formula: E +J.Ri i.e. E = U + J . Rs . C where C =~s .
The values of the terminal voltage U and of the voltage drop J. Rs at the shunt 6 are converted by means of analog-to-digital converters 8 and 9 into digital values and added in an adder 11. Before addition, the digital value for the shunt voltage drop is multiplied in a multiplier 10 by the constant value
C, provided by a module 25, which corresponds to the ratio of battery internal resistance to shunt resistance.
The total value from adder 11 is multiplied by a digital value which is dependent on the battery acid temperature. This latter value is determined by means of a thermometer probe 12, and is supplied via an analog-to-digital converter 13 to a first input of a multiplier 14 whose second input is supplied from the adder 11. The value obtained in this way is further multiplied by a digital value dependent on the magnitude of the charge current J, which value is supplied to the first input of another multiplier 15, whose second input has been supplied by the output value of the multiplier 14.
A signal value for the battery capacity, which signal value is relevant for the instantaneous operation and can be supplied to an indicating device 17 via a selectodrswitch 16 provided with a contact 18, is present at the output of the multiplier 15.
If, under certain operating conditions, an indication of the capacity is desired which relates only to temperature, then a connection of the indicating device 17 to the output of the multiplier 14 can be made in a simple manner by using the selector switch 16 to close the contact 19. Alternatively the selector switch 16 can be connected to the contact 20 which is joined to the output of the adder 11. An indicating device 22 is also connected to this output via a critical value recorder 21, which indicating device 22 is provided, in the case under consideration, by a lamp which lights up whenever the final discharge voltage of the battery is reached.
The digital value dependent on the charge current is corrected according to a function dependent on the type of battery. For this purpose a function generator 23 is connected in series to the first input of the multiplier 15, which function generator 23 takes into account the dependency of the battery capacity on the charge current. Furthermore, a function generator 24 is connected at its input side to the analog-to-digital converter 13, which function generator takes into account the dependency of the capacity on the acid temperature.
For the monitoring and indicating of the state of charge of a battery formed from several cells 3, it is advantageous to connect the analog-to-digital converter 8 to the individual cells 3 of the battery via a multiplexer 26. The multiplexer 26 connects the voltages of the individual cells 3 one after the other to the analog-to-digital converter 8 so that the capacity of the individual cells is indicated one after the other on the recording device 17 also. A control device 28 serves to control the multiplexer 26 and an indicating instrument 27 for the cell numbers.
In the case of large battery sets it is expedient to connect in series to the analog-to-digital converter 13, for converting the acid temperature into digital values, a multiplexer 29 whose inputs are each connected to a respective temperature probe 12.
This multiplexer 29 is also controlled by the control device 28.
The device illustrated Figure 2 for the monitoring and indicating of the state of charge functions using a a microprocessor system. The principle item is a microprocessor 34, e.g. and 8-bit microprocessor. A read-write memory 31 is used to store variable data.
The programme flow and the required functions are stored in erasable read-only memories 32. Functions which are carried out by discrete blocks in Figure 1 are carried out by the microprocessor 34 of Figure 2.
To avoid unnecessary repetition, not all these functions are described specifically with reference to
Figure 2.
To determine battery cell voltage, a component part 33 is used which contains an analog-to-digital converter with multiplexer. This component part 33 is controlled by the microprocessor 34 in such a way that the battery cell voltages are determined in sequence.
In order to increase the degree of precision, the terminal voltage of the battery is measured directly by a measuring transducer 30.
A further analog-to-digital converter 9 is used in determining the voltage drop at the shunt 6.
The acid temperature is determined via a suitable thermometer probe 12 by using another component part 35 containing an analog-to-digital converter with multiplexer. The number of thermometer probes is dependent upon the size of the battery, the physical arrangement of the battery cells and the degree of precision required.
A power supply device 36 supplies the electrical voltage required to supply the entire monitoring system. The battery capacity and the cell number is indicated on a numerical digital indicating instrument. The obtaining of the final discharge voltage is indicated by means of a lamp indicating device 22.
The battery capacity can also be indicated on an analog instrument 38 using a digital-analog converter.
The individual component parts 9 and 31 to 37 are electrically connected to one another via a plug assembly 39.
The described embodiments make it possible to determine the stored capacity in an accumulator battery as precisely as possible and to produce a capacity determination relating to the instantaneous discharge current simply by taking into account corresponding parameters. Great precision is obtained in the determination of the state of charge of the battery and the inclusion of several parameters is made possible using simple equipment which is not susceptible to breakdown.
Claims (7)
1. A battery testing arrangement for monitoring and indicating the state of charge of a battery, comprising first voltage sensing means for sensing terminal voltage value of the battery, a shunt for receiving load current produced by the battery, second voltage sensing means for sensing voltage drop value across the shunt, analog to digital converters for converting into digital form the values sensed by the first and second voltage sensing means, adding the means for forming the digital sum value of digital values from the analog to digital converters temperature sensing means for sensing battery electrolyte temperature value, multiplying means for multiplying said digital sum value by a digital amount depending upon the load current value and the battery electrolyte temperature value, and indicating means for indicating the output value of the multiplying means.
2. An arrangement according to Claim 1, wherein said digital amount comprises a portion dependent upon the load current value and fed to the multiplying means via a correcting function generator.
3. An arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein said digital amount comprises a portion dependent upon the battery electrolyte temperature value and fed to the multiplying means via a correcting function generator.
4. An arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, which is operable to monitor and indicate the state of charge of a battery having a plurality of cells, there being a multiplexerfor coupling the individual cells of the battery to the analog to digital converter which is associated with the first voltage sensing means.
5. An arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, which is operable to monitor and indicate the state of charge of a battery having a plurality of cells, there being a multiplexer for coupling the individual cells of the battery to an analog to digital converter associated with the temperature sensing means.
6. An arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, and comprising means for multiplying the digital form of the voltage drop value across the shunt by a constant value which corresponds to the ratio of internal resistance of the battery to resistance of the shunt.
7. A battery testing arrangement for monitoring and indicating the state of charge of a battery, the battery testing arrangement being substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 or 2 of the accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2842817A DE2842817B1 (en) | 1978-09-30 | 1978-09-30 | Determination of the state of charge of a battery |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2031168A true GB2031168A (en) | 1980-04-16 |
GB2031168B GB2031168B (en) | 1982-10-06 |
Family
ID=6051083
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB7933935A Expired GB2031168B (en) | 1978-09-30 | 1979-10-01 | Battery testing arrangement |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5548664A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2842817B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2031168B (en) |
NO (1) | NO146792C (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3031898A1 (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1982-01-21 | Lucas Industries Ltd., Birmingham, West Midlands | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE CHARGING STATE OF A BATTERY |
EP0079788A1 (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1983-05-25 | Curtis Instruments, Inc. | Battery state of charge metering method and apparatus |
GB2147164A (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1985-05-01 | Lucas Ind Plc | Electric vehicle motor control and battery monitoring system |
GB2243695A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1991-11-06 | Alwyn Peter Ogborn | Battery testing |
GB2259783B (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1996-01-24 | Ampy Automation Digilog | Improvements in and relating to current power measuring meters |
EP0740388A1 (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-10-30 | Enertronic S.A. | Modular battery charger |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56152410U (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1981-11-14 | ||
DE3139269A1 (en) * | 1980-10-11 | 1982-06-16 | Lucas Industries Ltd., Birmingham, West Midlands | Monitoring system for a drive battery |
DE3130669A1 (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-02-17 | Möhrstedt, Udo, 8623 Staffelstein | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CHARGE STATE OF A BATTERY |
FR2523728A1 (en) * | 1982-03-17 | 1983-09-23 | Renault | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CHARGE STATE OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR IN OPERATION |
FR2537785A1 (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-06-15 | Electricite De France | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE CAPACITY OF A BATTERY OF ACCUMULATOR ELEMENTS |
DE3516498A1 (en) * | 1985-05-08 | 1986-11-20 | Accumulatorenfabrik Sonnenschein GmbH, 6470 Büdingen | MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF A BATTERY |
FR2589008B1 (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1994-10-21 | Cga Alcatel | SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERY ASSEMBLY AND MONITORING DEVICE FOR A BATTERY |
CA1295011C (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1992-01-28 | Warren T. Whitmire | Battery monitoring and condition indicator system for multi-battery pack |
DE3702591A1 (en) * | 1987-01-29 | 1988-08-11 | Sonnenschein Accumulatoren | CIRCUIT TO CONTINUOUSLY CHECK THE QUALITY OF A MULTI-CELL BATTERY |
US5164652A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1992-11-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining battery type and modifying operating characteristics |
DE4007883A1 (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-09-19 | Moto Meter Ag | METHOD AND BATTERY TEST DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE CONDITION OF A LEAD BATTERY |
DE4221847A1 (en) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-01-05 | Martin Dipl Ing Klein | Current and voltage measurement arrangement for electrochemical cells - operates as ground-referenced current or voltage source by switching between potentiostatic voltage from instrumentation amplifier across measurement resistor, and galvanostatic voltage from reference electrode via multiplexer. |
DE4338178C2 (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 2003-04-30 | Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh | Arrangement for monitoring the condition of fuel cell modules |
DE4408740C1 (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-07-20 | Sonnenschein Accumulatoren | Circuit arrangement for checking a multi-cell battery |
DE102006004786A1 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-08-09 | Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. | Method for determining a system temperature of an electrochemical battery |
US7688022B2 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2010-03-30 | Lear Corporation | Energy management system for a vehicle |
US8476864B2 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2013-07-02 | Lear Corporation | Battery monitoring system |
DE102008043921A1 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for electrical cell voltage measurements |
-
1978
- 1978-09-30 DE DE2842817A patent/DE2842817B1/en not_active Ceased
-
1979
- 1979-09-21 JP JP12189579A patent/JPS5548664A/en active Pending
- 1979-09-26 NO NO793084A patent/NO146792C/en unknown
- 1979-10-01 GB GB7933935A patent/GB2031168B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3031898A1 (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1982-01-21 | Lucas Industries Ltd., Birmingham, West Midlands | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE CHARGING STATE OF A BATTERY |
US4433278A (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1984-02-21 | Lucas Industries Limited | Battery state of charge evaluator system |
GB2147164A (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1985-05-01 | Lucas Ind Plc | Electric vehicle motor control and battery monitoring system |
US5107191A (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1992-04-21 | Lucas Industries, Ltd. | Traction motor current control battery monitoring system |
EP0079788A1 (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1983-05-25 | Curtis Instruments, Inc. | Battery state of charge metering method and apparatus |
GB2243695A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1991-11-06 | Alwyn Peter Ogborn | Battery testing |
GB2243695B (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1994-08-31 | Alwyn Peter Ogborn | Battery testing |
GB2259783B (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1996-01-24 | Ampy Automation Digilog | Improvements in and relating to current power measuring meters |
EP0740388A1 (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-10-30 | Enertronic S.A. | Modular battery charger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2031168B (en) | 1982-10-06 |
DE2842817B1 (en) | 1979-05-17 |
JPS5548664A (en) | 1980-04-07 |
NO146792B (en) | 1982-08-30 |
NO793084L (en) | 1980-04-01 |
NO146792C (en) | 1982-12-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |