GB2023558A - Process for the Production of Electrochemically Active Lead Dioxide - Google Patents
Process for the Production of Electrochemically Active Lead Dioxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2023558A GB2023558A GB7919642A GB7919642A GB2023558A GB 2023558 A GB2023558 A GB 2023558A GB 7919642 A GB7919642 A GB 7919642A GB 7919642 A GB7919642 A GB 7919642A GB 2023558 A GB2023558 A GB 2023558A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- suspension
- lead dioxide
- oxidation treatment
- finely divided
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052924 anglesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 halogen peroxy-acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L difluorolead Chemical compound F[Pb]F FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/56—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G21/00—Compounds of lead
- C01G21/02—Oxides
- C01G21/08—Lead dioxide [PbO2]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Electrochemically active lead dioxide is produced by forming an aqueous suspension of an oxidizable lead substrate, adjusting its pH to a value in the alkaline range between about 10 and 14, and then oxidising with gaseous ozone. The pH value is preferably held constant during the oxidation treatment, by adding alkali or by buffering, and the oxidation treatment is preferably carried out at an elevated temperature of about 70 to 80 DEG C. Finely divided or dissolved inoculating metals may be added to the suspension, when a corresponding inoculation is desired for the electrochemical use of the resulting lead dioxide. Finely divided inert substances, such as carbon, glass or plastics in powder or fibre form, may be added to the suspension, in order to make a lead dioxide which can be compressed to a mass of high strength for use in an accumulator or the like.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process for the Production of Electrochemically
Active Lead Dioxide
This invention relates to a process for the production of electrochemically active lead dioxide, in which an aqueous suspension is formed from an oxidizable lead substrate and subjected to an oxidation treatment with an oxdizing agent. The fact that an aqueous suspension is used implies that the oxidizable lead substrate is taken in a finely or very finely divided form. Within the scope of the known art (as practised) the oxidizable divalent lead substrate is minimum and the oxidizing agent nitric acid. The specific electrochemical activity of the resulting lead dioxide (in mWh/g) could be very substantially improved. Lead dioxide made in this way is used very little for electrochemical purposes.
In the production of another electrochemically active metal oxide, viz., in the production of manganese dioxide, it is known to use ozone as the oxidizing agent (see German Patent
Specification No. 24 19 490). In this case, lowvalency manganese oxides are converted, by disproportionation with a halogen peroxy-acid, notably perchloric acid, into quadrivalent manganese and soluble divalent manganese, and the manganese oxides are treated with ozone simultaneously with their treatment with the peroxy-acid or mixture of peroxy-acids. The process leads to high electrochemical activities.
However, the known processes for the production of manganese dioxide cannot be applied to the production of electrochemically active lead dioxide. It has been shown in fact that there is no directly possible method for the simple oxidative precipitation of lead dioxide from its aqueous divalent salt solutions. The soluble divalent lead salts of strong acids (nitric or perchloric acids for example) cannot be oxidized to lead dioxide with ozone. Exceptionally, aqueous solutions of divalent lead acetate in the pH range 3 to 4 precipitate a dark brown to black lead oxide when ozone is introduced. This lead dioxide is inactive, in contrast to manganese dioxide which precipitates in the active form from solutions of practically all divalent salts treated by the known process.Attempts to activate the lead dioxide phase precipitated with ozone from soluble divalent lead salts, by subsequent treatment with sulphuric acid in an electrochemical system, have proved unsuccessful. The electrochemical capacity or activity of the resulting lead dioxide is virtually zero. Again, attempts to precipitate active lead dioxide mixed with manganese dioxide in various molar ratios have produced no satisfactory results.
Different procedures are used in accumulator production practice. Nevertheless the formation of active lead dioxide masses in this case remains a problem which has not yet been satisfactorily solved. Positive masses consisting of more or less oxidized lead dusts are agitated with sulphuric acid and applied to the accumulator plates in dry or paste form, depending on the plate lattice geometry. The masses must then be "matured" and mechanically strengthened under quite specific conditions, so that the pasted plates will no longer lose their mass during subsequent treatment. The originally divalent lead masses are then oxidized by a wet process which is neither technologically satisfactory nor desirable from the environmental protection viewpoint.Thus, the filled electrodes are placed in sulphuric-acid forming cells and oxidized, i.e., charged, by various procedures which are time-consuming and always involve low initial current densities.
The wet formation stage in every accumulator manufacturing process is undesirable and involves major measures to protect the environment, because of the accompanying evaporation.
In this context, the object of the invention is to produce electrochemically active lead dioxide by simple means from an aqueous suspension of an oxidizable lead substrate. The more particular object of the invention, with reference to accumulator production, is also to be seen in the avoidance of the technically undesirable wet formation stage in electrode manufacture.
According to the present invention, in a process for the production of electrochemically active lead dioxide, in which an aqueous suspension is formed from an oxidizable lead substrate and subjected to an oxidation treatment with an oxidizing agent, the suspension is formed from a lead substrate insoluble in aqueous solution, its pH is adjusted to a value in the alkaline range between about 10 and 14, and the oxidation treatment is carried out with gaseous ozone. A divalent lead substrate is preferably used, though it is also possible to use metallic lead and a compound such as Pb304, i.e., a divalent-quadrivalent lead substrate. In one preferred embodiment, the pH value is held constant during the oxidation treatment, by adding alkali or by buffering.At moderate pH values in the quoted range of 10 to 14, the reaction proceeds particularly well, in general and also with reference to activity. The oxidation treatment is preferably carried out at elevated temperatures of 70 to 800C for example. It is within the scope of the invention to include finely divided inoculating metals in the suspension, when a corresponding inoculation is desired for the electrochemical use of the resulting lead dioxide. It is also within the scope of the invention to add to the suspension finely divided inert substances, such as carbon, glass or plastics in powder or fibre form, in order to make a lead dioxide which can be compressed to a mass of high strength for use in an accumulator or the like.
Many substances fall within the scope of the invention as the oxidizable lead substrate. In particular, mention should be made of lead carbonate, insoluble lead halides such as PbF2 and PbCl2, lead sulphide and divalent lead oxide.
However, minimum can also be used as the lead substrate. Moreover, it is surprisingly possible as already mentioned to use metallic lead in the form of sponge, dust or powder as the substrate,-but in one preferred embodiment of the invention the lead substrate consists of lead sulphate, PbSO4.
Taking lead sulphate as an example, the formula for the conversion reads:
In this case, the pH value changes continuously from its original level to lower, i.e., more acid values. This explains why one preferred embodiment of the invention is characterised in keeping the pH value constant during the oxidation treatment by adding alkali or by buffering. The elevated temperatures already referred to are used because the intermediate solubility of the lead substrate increases as the temperature is raised. When inoculation is used, the foreign metals can be added in the form of complex ions or other soluble compounds. The most important inoculating metals are antimony, bismuth, thallium, silicon, titanium, silver, mercury, nickel, cobalt, calcium, strontium, barium and manganese.If finely divided inert substances are included in the suspension, it is also possible that these inert substances become as it were coated with the lead dioxide, particularly when carbon or glass is used as the inert substance.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to an example based on the use of PbSO4 as the oxidizable substrate:
A slurry is made of 50 9 PbSO4 in 500 ml water. Its pH is then adjusted to 1 1 with drops of dilute KOH. It is heated to 800C and technical ozone is fed into the reaction mixture. The originally white suspension rapidly turns brown and eventually black. The pH is kept constant at 11 by monitoring with a pH-meter and continuously adding more dilute caustic potash.
After ozoning for 2 hours (at ca. 101/h), the solid reaction product is filtered off, washed and dried in a vacuum cupboard at 700C. The PbO2 made in this way can be used directly as the positive mass in an accumulator electrode, for example in the form of a slender tube. This constitutes a particular advantage of the invention, in that the wet formation stage hitherto usual in the manufacture of accumulator electrodes is avoided. The residual mother liquor contains caustic potash and potassium sulphate and can be recycled for the treatment of more divalent lead sulphate.
Claims (6)
1. A process for the production of electrochemically active lead dioxide, in which an aqueous suspension is formed from an oxidizable lead substrate and subjected to an oxidation treatment with an oxidizing agent, the suspension being formed from a lead substrate insoluble in aqueous solution, its pH being adjusted to a value in the alkaline range between about 10 and 14, and the oxidation treatment being carried out with gaseous ozone.
2. A process as in Claim 1, wherein the pH value is held constant during the oxidation treatment, by adding alkali or by buffering.
3. A process as in either of Claims 1 and 2, wherein the oxidation treatment is carried out at an elevated temperature of about 70 to 800C.
4. A process as in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein finely divided or dissolved inoculating metals are added to the suspension.
5. A process as in any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein finely divided inert substances are added to the suspension.
6. A process substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the example.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2827107A DE2827107C3 (en) | 1978-06-21 | 1978-06-21 | HOtM 4-56 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2023558A true GB2023558A (en) | 1980-01-03 |
| GB2023558B GB2023558B (en) | 1982-09-02 |
Family
ID=6042301
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7919642A Expired GB2023558B (en) | 1978-06-21 | 1979-06-06 | Process for the production of electrochemically active lead dioxide |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS557594A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD144399A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2827107C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2429183A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2023558B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU931098A3 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0089842A2 (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-09-28 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Lead acid electric storage cell and a positive electrode therefor |
| GB2137603A (en) * | 1983-04-05 | 1984-10-10 | St Joe Minerals Corp | Method for the preparation of high surface area lead oxide composition |
| US4507855A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1985-04-02 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Lead acid electric storage cell and a positive electrode therefor |
| US4508147A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1985-04-02 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Method of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead acid electric storage cell |
| WO2002071511A2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-09-12 | Rsr Technologies, Inc. | Method for enhancing lead oxidation during production of lead acid batteries |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2841048C3 (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1981-07-02 | Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk AG, 4300 Essen | Process for the production of electrochemically active lead (IV) oxide |
| DE3211386A1 (en) * | 1982-03-27 | 1983-09-29 | Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt | Active mass for use in the positive grid of lead storage batteries |
| JPH0642370B2 (en) * | 1985-08-28 | 1994-06-01 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | Cathode plate for lead acid battery |
-
1978
- 1978-06-21 DE DE2827107A patent/DE2827107C3/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-06-06 GB GB7919642A patent/GB2023558B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-11 FR FR7914874A patent/FR2429183A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-06-19 DD DD79213721A patent/DD144399A5/en unknown
- 1979-06-20 SU SU792776659A patent/SU931098A3/en active
- 1979-06-20 JP JP7695579A patent/JPS557594A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0089842A2 (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-09-28 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Lead acid electric storage cell and a positive electrode therefor |
| EP0089842A3 (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1984-12-27 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Lead acid electric storage cell and a positive electrode therefor |
| US4508147A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1985-04-02 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Method of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead acid electric storage cell |
| US4507855A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1985-04-02 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Lead acid electric storage cell and a positive electrode therefor |
| GB2137603A (en) * | 1983-04-05 | 1984-10-10 | St Joe Minerals Corp | Method for the preparation of high surface area lead oxide composition |
| WO2002071511A2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-09-12 | Rsr Technologies, Inc. | Method for enhancing lead oxidation during production of lead acid batteries |
| WO2002071511A3 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2004-03-11 | Rsr Technologies Inc | Method for enhancing lead oxidation during production of lead acid batteries |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2429183A1 (en) | 1980-01-18 |
| DE2827107B2 (en) | 1980-06-26 |
| SU931098A3 (en) | 1982-05-23 |
| DE2827107A1 (en) | 1980-01-10 |
| DD144399A5 (en) | 1980-10-15 |
| JPS557594A (en) | 1980-01-19 |
| DE2827107C3 (en) | 1981-02-26 |
| GB2023558B (en) | 1982-09-02 |
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