GB1601585A - Bicomponent filaments - Google Patents
Bicomponent filaments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1601585A GB1601585A GB2733777A GB2733777A GB1601585A GB 1601585 A GB1601585 A GB 1601585A GB 2733777 A GB2733777 A GB 2733777A GB 2733777 A GB2733777 A GB 2733777A GB 1601585 A GB1601585 A GB 1601585A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- yarn
- cellulose acetate
- component
- cellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/02—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from cellulose, cellulose derivatives, or proteins
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Description
BI-COMPONENT FILAMENTS
(71) We, COURTAULDS LIMITED, a
British Company, of 18, Hanover Square,
London W1A 2BB, England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a Patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to bi-component filaments.
No fibre-forming polymer yet devised combines all the properties which are desirable for a synthetic filament. Synthetic polymers such as polyesters, polyamides and polyolefins form filaments of high strength which can be spun by the convenient melt spinning process but generally have low moisture regain leading to problems with static electricity and difficulty in dyeing. Cellulosic materials such as cellulose acetate and regenerated cellulose form weaker filaments which generally need to be spun from solution but make fabrics which have improved comfort and are easier to dye. The present invention seeks to produce filaments and yarns having some of the advantages of both types of fibre-forming material.
According to one aspect of the invention a melt spun bicomponent filament comprises a synthetic polymer as one component and cellulose acetate as the other component, the cellulose acetate being cellulose diacetate or cellulose triacetate or a cellulose acetate having an intermediate degree of actylation.
Any type of cellulose acetate generally requires some modification to allow it to be melt spun since cellulose acetates are thermally unstable at temperatures close to their melting points of about 290"C. Melt spun cellulose acetate filaments having a decitex low enough for use in clothing are not normally produced commercially. Any modification of the cellulose acetate to allow it to be melt spun at lower temperatures also tends to reduce the breaking strength ofthe cellulose acetate which is already low compared to filaments produced from synthetic polymers. However, in the bi-component filaments of the present invention, the strength of the filament is derived mainly from the synthetic polymer so that the lower strength of the cellulose acetate can be tolerated.
The preferred modification of the cellulose acetate is the inclusion of a plasticiser to lower its melting point and hence the temperature at which it can be melt spun. The plasticiser is generally miscible with the cellulose acetate and liquid at the temperature of spinning and preferably has a boiling point of at least 280"C.
Preferred plasticisers are esters, for example diesters of dicarboxylic acids such as the dimethyl, diethyl, dibenzyl, dibutyl, di(cyclohexyl), diphenyl, di(2-methoxyethyl), and di(2-ethoxyethyl) esters of phthalic acid and the dimethyl and diethyl esters of substituted phthalic acids such as 4, 5-dimethoxyphthalic acid, diesters of dihydric alcohols with monocarboxylic acids and di- or triesters or trihydric and polyhydric alcohols with monocarboxylic acids such as glycerol triacetate and diacetate. Other plasticisers which can be used include stearic acid and triphenyl phosphate.
The cellulose acetate can contain heat stabilisers particularly epoxy-containing materials such as epoxidised soya bean oil.
The cellulose acetate, particularly cellulose triacetate, can be subjected to a stabilising pretreatment preferably in addition to the use of a plasticiser and a stabiliser. In one treatment cellulose acetate is stabilised by heating it with water at its boiling point or under pressure at a temperature up to 1700 C. The water may comprise a dilute acid such as 0.1-2 per cent by weight aqueous acetic acid or a more dilute strong acid, for example 0.01-0.1 per cent by weight sulphuric acid. After the heat treatment the cellulose acetate is preferably washed with water which is preferably deionised but can contain a stabilising salt, for example a magnesium salt.
The synthetic polymer can be any polymer capable of being melt spun into filaments at a temperature in the range 220-2900C. The invention is particularly applicable to polyesters, for example polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides, for example nylon 6 and nylon 6,6, and polyolefins, for example polypropylene.
According to a further aspect of the invention a process for producing a bi-component filament comprises co-extruding through a spinneret a synthetic polymer capable of being melt spun at a temperature in the range of from 220 to 2900C and the cellulose acetate being cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate or cellulose acetate having an intermediate degree of acetylation.
The cellulose acetate and the synthetic polymer are preferably extruded through a spinneret designed to produce sheath core bi-component filaments in which a sheath of cellulose acetate completely surrounds the sybthetic polymer.
The core of synthetic polymer can be positioned either centrally or eccentrically within the sheath of cellulose acetate. The spinneret can alternatively be designed to produce filaments in which a sheath of cellulose acetate only partially surrounds the synthetic polymer, that is in which the cellulose acetate forms more than half the circumference of the filament but a lower proportion of the interior of the filament
Side-by-side bi-component filaments can also be produced according to the invention. Some splitting of the side-by-side bi-component filament into its two components generally occurs, but the resulting yam still has the improved handle given by the cellulose acetate and the component filaments are sufficiently intimately mixed to be dyed without producing undesirable effects.
The bi-component filaments can be produced using known bi-component spinning heads. In the simplest type of spinning head producing sheath core filaments the two polymers are at the same temperature all the way through the spinning head. in an alternative spinning head the two polymers can be preheated to different temperatures and are not subjected to the same temperature until they contact each other in the spinneret. This type of spinneret is usually capable of producing either sheath core of side-by-side bi-component filaments.
The proportion of cellulose acetate to synthetic polymer in the bicomponent filament can be varied within wide limits, but is preferably in the range 10:90 to 80:20 expressed in parts by weight.
The bi-component filaments are generally produced as a continuous multifilament yarn and are drawn in the manner conventional for melt spun synthetic polymer yarns. The plasticised cellulose acetate can generally be drawn at a ratio up to about 3.4:1 at temperatures in the range 90-120QC without breaking. Drawing can for example be carried out in steam or by drawing around a roller heated to 1100 C. The maximum draw ratio depends on the nature and amount of plasticiser present. A high proportion of a plasticiser of higher boiling point, for example di (2-methoxyethyl)phthalate whose boiling point is about 320 C, is retained in the cellulose acetate through the process of extruding to form filaments. It can then plasticise the filaments during drawing to allow a draw ratio of above 3:1 without breaking the cellulose acetate.The higher boiling point plasticisers, such as those boiling at above 300 C, are preferred when the bi-component filament is to be drawn without breaking the cellulose acetate.
It may, however, be preferred to use a higher draw ratio. Polyethylene terephthalate is usually drawn at draw ratios of 3.8 to 4.5:1 and nylon at about 3.2 to 3.8:1. Drawing at these ratios maximises the tenacity of the synthetic polymer. Which is the main strength giving cocponent of the filaments. The cellulose acetate is intermittently broken during the drawing. However, we have found that the position of the breaks in the cellulose acetate sheath varies from filament to filament in a yarn, so that for example a 25 filament yarn drawn at 3.5 to 4:1 at 90-1200C will contain on average about 1 to 2 filaments at any point in the yarn where the cellulose acetate sheath is broken.This does not detract from the handle and dyeing properties of the handle and dyeing properties of the yarn; the handle is generally improved, since the broken ends of each portion of the cellulose acetate sheath tend to stand out from the yarn as the ends of staple fibres do in a spun staple yarn.
When breaks in the cellulose acetate of the bi-component filament can be tolerated, the drawing temperature need not be as high as 900 C. For example polyester yarn is frequently drawn at 60 to 900C and the bi-component filament yarn can be drawn at this temperature.
Slightly more of the polyester core is revealed by breaks in the cellulose acetate sheath than when drawing is at 90-120oC. Drawing can be carried out at temperatures below 60"C down to ambient temperatures if frequent breaks in the cellulose acetate can be tolerated. The product in this case is a fancy yarn having a discontinuous cellulose acetate sheath arranged like a string of beads along the synthetic polymer core.
The yarn of bi-component filaments produced particularly when the filaments have a sheath of cellulose acetate surrounding a core of synthetic polymer have the strength derived from the melt spun synthetic polymer with the softer handle and easier dyeing with reactive and disperse dyes given by the cellulose acetate.
The handle and particularly the moisture regain of the yam of bkomponent filaments can be further improved by chemical treatment to hydrolyse the cellulose acetate at least partially.
The hydrolysis can for example be carried out by saponification in dilute aqueous alkali, for example sodium hydroxide of concentration 0.1 to 2 per cent by weight. The higher concentrations within this range, for example 0.5 to 2 per cent, are preferably used for saponifying cellulose triacetate. Alternative hydrolysing reagents include sodium, potassium or ammonium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium hydroxide. Temperatures of 60 100"C are preferred for quicker hydrolysis. The dilute alkali does not adversely affect the synthetic polymers such as polyesters, polyamides and polyolefins.
The treatment to hydrolyse the cellulose
acetate can be carried out on hanks of yarn or
on running yarn or can be carried out after the
yarn has been knitted or woven into a fabric.
Fabric treatment can conveniently be carried
out before dyeing using the same type of
apparatus as is used for de-sizing, scouring and
bleaching operations which are also carried out
at this point in fabric production.
The yarn after saponification is particularly
readily dyeable with direct, disperse or reactive
dyes at temperature of 1000C or below without need for a carrier which is a particular advantage
for polyethylene terephthalate and polyolefin
yams. The dye is being taken up predominantly
by the cellulose acetate and the cellulose formed
by saponification, although penetration of
disperse dyes into a polyester filament core is
aided by the cellulose acetate coating.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples
EXAMPLES Cellulose diacetate flake was treated with 18 per cent by weight dimethyl phthalate plasticiser and 2 per cent by weight epoxidised soya bean oil as heat stabiliser in an ethereal slurry. The
ether was driven off and the treated flake was
dried in vacuo. It was then heated to its melting point of about 250"C and cast into blocks which were milled into small chips.
A sheath core bi-component yarn was prepared from the cellulose diacetate chips as sheath and nylon 6 as core. The nylon 6 chips were fed into an extruder screw and heated to 2600 C. The cellulose diacetate chips were fed into another extruder and heated to 2500 C.
The two materials when molten were brought together into a spinning heat at 2550C and extruded through 8 orifices to form an 8filament yarn. The spinning head was a sheath core bi-component spinning head adapted to produce filaments containing approximately equal volumes of each polymer. The filaments thus produced were drawn down through "Limanol" 601FS, a phosphorus-containing parafffin based lubricant ("Limanol" being a
Registered Trade Mark) , and collected by cheese winding.
The yarn thus collected was drawn through a steam jacket at 100-1050C at a draw ratio of 2.75:1. The drawn yarn was knitted on a circular knitting machine to produce socks.
The socks knitted from the bi-component yarn had the resistance to wear given by the nylon 6 yarn but had improved comfort and were more readily dyeable with reactive and disperse dyes, than socks made from nylon 6 yarn alone. The bi-component yarn had a moisture regain of 4.5 per cent compared to 4.0 per cent for a conventional nylon 6 yarn.
Moisture regain of yarn is defined as- Wc - Wd/Wd x 100 per cent, in which Wc is the weight of the yarn after conditioning for 2 days at 200C and 65 per cent relative humidity and
Wd is the weight of the yarn after drying under vacuum at 700C for 2 days.
A saponifying bath was prepared by the solution of 0.35 per cent sodium hydroxide and 0.07 per cent sodium lauryl sulphate in water. The saponifying solution was brought to 900C and the knitted socks were placed in it for one hour. The moisture regain of the yarn after saponification was 6.1 per cent, the handle of the sock fabric was further improved and dyeing with reactive dyestuffs proceeded even more readily.
EXAMPLE 2
Cellulose diacetate flake was treated with 18 per cent by weight diethylphthalate plasticiser and 2 per cent by weight epoxidised soya bean a oil in an ethereal slurry. The treated flake was dried, molten, cast and milled into small chips as described in Example 1. The melting point of the treated flake was about 250 C. It was spun into a bi-component filaments yarn with nylon 6 under the conditions described in Example 1 and showed the same advantages as the yarn of
Example 1.
EXAMPLE 3
A bi-component filament yarn was prepared from the plasticised and stabilised cellulose diacetate chips described in Example 1 and nylon 6. The two materials were molten in extruders at the temperatures defined in Example 1 and were brought together into a side-by-side bi-component spinning head at 2550C and extruded through 8 orifices to produce an 8filament yarn.
The filaments were collected and then hot drawn according to the conditions described in
Example 1 and were knitted into socks on a circular knitting machine. The resulting fabric had an improved handle and dyed more easily than an untreated nylon 6 yarn although the improvement was not so marked as in Example 1.
The knitted socks could be treated in a saponifying bath to hydrolyse the cellulose acetate as described in Example 1 to give further improvement in handle and dyeability.
EXAMPLE 4
A bi-component filament yarn was prepared from the cellulose diacetate chips prepared as described in Example 1 and polyethylene terephthalate. The polyethylene terephthalate was fed into an extruder screw and heated to 2900C. The cellulose diacetate chips were fed into another extruder and heated to 2750 C.
The materials thus molten were brought together into a sheath core bi-component spinning head at 2850C and extruded through 8 orifices to form an 8-filament yarn. The yarn was collected and drawn as described in Example 1.
The yarn was knitted into socks on a circular knitting machine. The moisture regain of the knitted fabric as 3.8 per cent compared to 0.4 per cent for polyethylene terephthalate fabric and the knitted fabric could be dyed as readily as that of Example 1.
The knitted socks could be treated in a saponifying bath to hydrolyse the cellulose acetate as described in Example 1, giving a further improvement in handle and dyeability and increasing the moisture regain to 4.5 per cent.
EXAMPLE5
The procedure of Example 4 was repeated using the same extrusion temperatures but using a side-by-side bi-component spinning head in place of the sheath core spinning head.
An 8-filament yam of side-by-side bi-component filaments of polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose diacetate was produced. The yarn was collected, drawn, knitted and saponified as described in Example 4. The moisture regain, handle and dyeability of the yam were improved compared to that of polyethylene terephthalate yam both before and, even more so, after saponification although the improvement was not so marked as that obtained in Example 4.
EXAMPLE 6
A bi-component filament yam was prepared from cellulose diacetate chips produced as described in Example 1 and polypropylene. The polypropylene was fed into an extruder screw and heated to 2600C. The cellulose diacetate chips were fed into another extruder screw and heated to 2500 C. The materials thus molten were brought together into a sheath core bicomponent spinning head at 255"C and extruded through 8 orifices to produce an 8-filament yarn. The yarn was collected and drawn as described in Example 1. The drawn yarn was knitted into socks on a circular knitting machine.
The moisture regain of the yarn was 3.6 per cent and it had improved handle and dyeability compared to an untreated polypropylene yam.
The knitted fabric can be saponified under the conditions described in Example 1 to give fabric having further improvements in moisture regain, handle and dyeability.
EXAMPLE 7
Cellulose triacetate flake prepared by a conventional acetylation process was washed free of acetic acid and then stabilised by heating in an autoclave for one hour at 120-125 C in 0.025 per cent aqueous sulphuric acid. After cooling and discharging from the autoclave the flake was washed free from traces of acid and given a stabilising wash with 0.05 per cent magnesium acetate solution. After thorough dispersion of 15 per cent glycerol triacetate plasticiser and 2 per cent epoxidised resin stabiliser the dried ground flake was melt spun into a sheath core bicomponent filament yarn with nylon 6 under the conditions described in
Example 1.
The filaments were collected and drawn according to the conditions described in
Example 1 and knitted into a fabric which showed improved handle and dyeability compared to a nylon fabric.
EXAMPLE 8
Plasticised, heat stabilised cellulose diacetate and nylon 6 were extruded to form a bicomponent yarn as described in Example 1.
The yam produced was drawn through a steam jacket at 100-105 C at a draw ratio of 3.8: 1.
The filaments in the yarn thus drawn had a sheath of cellulose acetate which was ruptured in places. At those places along the filament, the broken ends of the cellulose acetate sheath protruded from the plane of the yarn and these broken filament ends gave the yarn an attractive appearance and handle reminiscent of a spun staple yarn.
The yarn thus produced was knitted on a circular knitting machine to produce socks and these were saponified by the process described in Example 1 to give an even softer handle and a very easily dyeable product.
EXAMPLE 9
Plasticised, heat stabilised cellulose diacetate and nylon 6 were extruded to form a sheath core bi-component yarn as described in Example 1. The yarn was drawn at a draw ratio of 3.8:1 across a heated band maintained at 700C. The sheath of cellulose acetate on each filament was thereby frequently broken along the length of the filament to give the appearance of a string of beads of cellulose acetate along the nylon filament. The yarn produced was an attractive fancy yarn. It was knitted and treated to saponify the cellulose acetate as described in
Example 1 and the product had a softer handle than the produce of Example 1 and could be readily dyed using disperse, reactive or acidic dyes.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A melt spun bi-component filament comprising a synthetic polymer as one component and cellulose acetate as the other component, the cellulose acetate being cellulose diacetate or cellulose triacetate or cellulose acetate having an intermediate degree of acetylation.
2. A bi-component filament according to
Claim 1 in which a sheath of cellulose acetate surrounds the synthetic polymer.
3. A bi-component filament according to
Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which the synthetic polymer is a polyester.
4. A bi-component filament according to
Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which the synthetic polymer is a polyamide.
5. A bi-component filament according to any of Claims 1 to 4 in which the cellulose acetate is plasticised by a plasticiser having a boiling point of at least 280 C.
6. A bi-component filament according to any of Claims 1 to 5 in which the cellulose acetate component is intermittently broken along the length of the filament.
7. A bi-component filament according to any of Claims 1 to 6 in which the cellulose acetate is at least partially hydrolysed.
8. A process for producing a bi-component filament comprising co-extruding through a spinneret a synthetic polymer capable of being melt spun at a temperature in the range of from 220 to 2900C and cellulose acetate, the cellu
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (14)
1. A melt spun bi-component filament comprising a synthetic polymer as one component and cellulose acetate as the other component, the cellulose acetate being cellulose diacetate or cellulose triacetate or cellulose acetate having an intermediate degree of acetylation.
2. A bi-component filament according to
Claim 1 in which a sheath of cellulose acetate surrounds the synthetic polymer.
3. A bi-component filament according to
Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which the synthetic polymer is a polyester.
4. A bi-component filament according to
Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which the synthetic polymer is a polyamide.
5. A bi-component filament according to any of Claims 1 to 4 in which the cellulose acetate is plasticised by a plasticiser having a boiling point of at least 280 C.
6. A bi-component filament according to any of Claims 1 to 5 in which the cellulose acetate component is intermittently broken along the length of the filament.
7. A bi-component filament according to any of Claims 1 to 6 in which the cellulose acetate is at least partially hydrolysed.
8. A process for producing a bi-component filament comprising co-extruding through a spinneret a synthetic polymer capable of being melt spun at a temperature in the range of from 220 to 2900C and cellulose acetate, the cellu
lose acetate being cellulose diacetate or cellulose or cellulose triacetate or cellulose acetate having an intermediate degree of acetylation.
9. A process according to Claim 8 comprising the further step of drawing the bi-component filament at a draw ratio of up to 3.2:1 at a temperature in the range of from 90" to l200C.
10. A process according to Claim 8 comprising the further step of drawing the bi-component filament at a draw ratio greater than 3.2:1 to produce a filament in which the cellulose acetate is intermittently broken along the length of the filament.
11. A process according to any of Claims 8 to 10 comprising the further step ofhydrolysing the cellulose acetate by treating it with dilute aqueous alkali.
12. A process for producing a bi-component filament substantially as described in any of the foregoing Examples 1 to 7.
13. A process for producing a bi-component filament substantially as described in either of the foregoing Examples 8 and 9.
14. A bi-component filament produced by the process of any of Claims 8 to 13.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2733777A GB1601585A (en) | 1978-05-18 | 1978-05-18 | Bicomponent filaments |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2733777A GB1601585A (en) | 1978-05-18 | 1978-05-18 | Bicomponent filaments |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1601585A true GB1601585A (en) | 1981-11-04 |
Family
ID=10257942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2733777A Expired GB1601585A (en) | 1978-05-18 | 1978-05-18 | Bicomponent filaments |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1601585A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3723897A1 (en) * | 1987-07-18 | 1989-01-26 | Akzo Gmbh | CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES AND FIBERS AND MEMBRANES MADE THEREOF |
| EP0392557A2 (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-10-17 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making oriented, shaped articles of lyotropic polysaccharide/thermally-consolidatable polymer blends |
| EP0737038A1 (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1996-10-16 | American Filtrona Corporation | Bicomponent fibers and tobacco filters formed therefrom |
| US5607766A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1997-03-04 | American Filtrona Corporation | Polyethylene terephthalate sheath/thermoplastic polymer core bicomponent fibers, method of making same and products formed therefrom |
| US6818293B1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-11-16 | Eastman Chemical Company | Stabilized polyester fibers and films |
| US7244497B2 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2007-07-17 | Outlast Technologies, Inc. | Cellulosic fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming thereof |
| US9434869B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2016-09-06 | Outlast Technologies, LLC | Cellulosic fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming thereof |
-
1978
- 1978-05-18 GB GB2733777A patent/GB1601585A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3723897A1 (en) * | 1987-07-18 | 1989-01-26 | Akzo Gmbh | CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES AND FIBERS AND MEMBRANES MADE THEREOF |
| EP0392557A2 (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-10-17 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making oriented, shaped articles of lyotropic polysaccharide/thermally-consolidatable polymer blends |
| EP0392557A3 (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1991-04-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making oriented, shaped articles of lyotropic polysaccharide/thermally-consolidatable polymer blends |
| US5607766A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1997-03-04 | American Filtrona Corporation | Polyethylene terephthalate sheath/thermoplastic polymer core bicomponent fibers, method of making same and products formed therefrom |
| EP0737038A1 (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1996-10-16 | American Filtrona Corporation | Bicomponent fibers and tobacco filters formed therefrom |
| EP0737038A4 (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1998-04-15 | American Filtrona Corp | Bicomponent fibers and tobacco filters formed therefrom |
| US5633082A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1997-05-27 | American Filtrona Corporation | Polyethylene terephthalate sheath/thermoplastic polymer core bicomponent fibers, method of making same and products formed therefrom |
| US7244497B2 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2007-07-17 | Outlast Technologies, Inc. | Cellulosic fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming thereof |
| US9434869B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2016-09-06 | Outlast Technologies, LLC | Cellulosic fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming thereof |
| US9920455B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2018-03-20 | Outlast Technologies, LLC | Cellulosic fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming thereof |
| US10208403B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2019-02-19 | Outlast Technologies, LLC | Cellulosic fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming thereof |
| US6818293B1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-11-16 | Eastman Chemical Company | Stabilized polyester fibers and films |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |