GB1599370A - Detonating cord - Google Patents
Detonating cord Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1599370A GB1599370A GB25014/78A GB2501478A GB1599370A GB 1599370 A GB1599370 A GB 1599370A GB 25014/78 A GB25014/78 A GB 25014/78A GB 2501478 A GB2501478 A GB 2501478A GB 1599370 A GB1599370 A GB 1599370A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- detonating cord
- jacket
- core
- flame
- explosive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003000 extruded plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000026 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960004321 pentaerithrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001618 alkaline earth metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C5/00—Fuses, e.g. fuse cords
- C06C5/04—Detonating fuses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/28—Cartridge cases characterised by the material used, e.g. coatings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Description
(54) DETONATING CORD
(71) We, DYNAMIT NOBEL
AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a German
Company, of 521 Troisdorf, Near Cologne,
Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to a detonating cord particularly, but not exclusively, for use in carrying out seismic measurements in a highly inflammable environment such as workings endangered by fire damp and coal dust.
Detonating cords such as those used in carrying out seismic measurements generally comprise a sheathed or jacketed length of explosive and can be produced in continuous lengths. The cords essentially comprise a twisted or woven cord of definite thickness formed of natural or synthetic filaments which contains a core of explosive and is surrounded by a waterproof thermoplastic plastics material.
Such detonating cords have a uniformly high detonation rate and are comparatively resistant to mechanical influences by virtue of their suucture, so that there is very little likelihood of accidental ignition by external influences. The detonating cords are easy both to store and to handle. The explosive core is protected against the influence of moisture and against the action of water and other aggressive liquids by the plastics covering comprised thereby.
However, these known detonating cords also have certain disadvantages, particularly in connection with the possibility of lateral flame propagation which in most cases cannot be prevented by the plastics covering. Although attempts have hitherto been made to obviate this disadvantage by covering the explosive core with several successive layers, comprising a woven or knitted fabric strip, an asphalt coating, a paper sleeve followed by another fabric layer, generally of cotton, and last of all a wax layer, detonating cords of this type are still not entirely satisfactory.
In order to make detonating cords safe against ambient influences, flame-checking or flame-cooling substances have been embedded in the thermoplastic plastics jacket of the detonating cords. Alternatively, textile fibres or paper impregnated with mineral substances or with metal salts have been used for covering the detonating cords. Unfortunately, these measures have proved to be inadequate for
enabling safety with respect to fire damp to be achieved to the necessary extent.
German Patent Specification No. 1 916 685 describes detonating cords, particularly lowenergy detonating cords, produced from pulverous inert substances. With these cords, an explosive core surrounded by a flexible tube is provided with a spun jacket of natural or
synthetic fibres and with a layer of pulverous
inert substances being held by a second layer of natural or synthetic fibres around the explosive core.The pulverous inert substances may be mixtures of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride or other inert substances, for example ammonium carbonate and alkali and alkaline earth metal fluorides and their double salts, for example with aluminium, particularly cryolite
A detonating cord specifically intended for use in workings endangered by fire damp and coal dust and for initiating safety mining explosives has also been described in German
Offenlegungsschrift No. 2 057 042. In this case, the explosive core of the detonating cord (a pulverous desensitised explosive) has a hollow flexible tube arranged therein and is provided with a covering of inert, flame-cooling and flame-checking substances.Cryolite, halides, sulphates, bicarbonates and carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, the corresponding ammonium salts and the oxides of alkaline earth metals, may be used both for desensitising the explosive, which may be for example pentaerythritol tetranitrate (nitropenta) or cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (hexogen), and also for the layer of pulverous inert substances which is applied around the core and secured by an outer layer of natural or synthetic fibres.
These types of detonating cords produced with pulverous inert substances are generally suitable for the particular applications for which they were designed. In recent years, however, detonating cords have come to be required for use in seismic blasting and this has necessitated further development of the basically successful detonating cords which comprise inert, flame-cooling and flamechecking substances. Whereas previously the detonating cords had been used solely for detonating main explosive charges, it is now practice in seismic blasting to use them on their own, i.e. with separate explosive charges or with only very small separate quantities of explosives.This new application of the detonating cords involves a fundamental variation from conventional blasting practice in which the drilling of rock is a basic requirement because the detonating cord and explosives have to be accommodated in bore holes. In seismic blasting, however, the detonating cords are laid out on the ground, in some cases in prepared channels or furrows and in other cases simply in contact with the earth's surface. This use of the detonating cords may cause problems particularly when the detonating cords are not laid in furrows and covered. This is because, in many cases,
small or fairly large fires can be started.It has been found that, when detonated, detonating cords are quite capable of setting light to dry grass, scrub or undergrowth, fire damage being caused above all with detonating cords comprising paper foils and/or hemp yarns on account of their inflammability. This is a particular problem in hot countries, for example Africa and the Near East.
According to the present invention, there is provided a detonating cord for use in seismic
exploration, the detonation cord comprising
a core of explosive material and a fibre-formed
covering layer and a plurality of covering jackets formed by extrusion of synthetic plastics material around the cord radially outwardly of the fibre-formed covering layer, with air gaps being provided between a
sequential pair of said covering jackets.
The first extruded plastics jacket and/or the or each following extruded plastics jacket therearound are preferably profiled, that is, have overall substantially perfect cylindrical
or like regular form but have surfaces which vary from cylindrical or other regular form at positions therearound. But otherwise such
jacket or jackets has/have a shape which, in transverse cross-section deviates from the
external shape of the core. Moreover, the
jackets preferably have an internal coating formed of inert flame-cooling and flamechecking material.
It is of particular advantage for the air gaps between any two successive extruded plastics jackets to form a star-shaped gap arranged at a distance from the core. This may be achieved for example by initially providing the core with a profiled jacket by extruding a plastics material therearound, possibly dusting it with an inert flame-cooling and flame-checking substances, and then building up a second jacket around the first dusted jacket with formation of the air gaps by extruding a plastics material. The detonating cord thereby assumes its final form.
Examples of plastics suitable for the forma
tion of the jackets between which the air gaps
are to be formed and which are to completely
surround the core are polyvinyl chloride and polyolefins; polyvinyl chloride is preferably used.
The inert, flame-cooling and flame-checking substances preferably applied to the extruded plastics jackets of detonating cords embodying this invention may be any of the substances which are used for desensitising the explosive in gas-proof detonating cords. A large number of suitable substances is available for this purpose, including halides, sulphates, bicarbonates and/or carbonates of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals, corresponding ammonium salts, alkaline earth oxides, oxides of metals of
Groups IV to VI of the Periodic System of the Elements and perhalogenated hydrocarbons, for example hexachloroethane. Any of these substances may be used both for dusting the extruded plastics jackets and also for desensitising the explosive of the core. It is particularly preferred to use cryolite as the inert, flame-cooling and flamechecking substance, especially in the explosive core.Talc is particularly suitable for use as powder coating material for cooling and checking flame.
As an alternative to using them to dust jackets, it is also possible to mix the aforesaid inert substances with the constituent materials of the jackets before extrusion thereof so that they serve as inert flame-cooling and flamechecking fillers in the jackets of the detonating cord.
Any potential unwanted ignition can also be counteracted by impregnating the fibre covering around the explosive core with a flame retardant liquid.
A detonating cord embodying this invention possesses considerable advantages over conventional detonating cords when in use. In particular, the provision of air gaps serves substantially completely to suppress the flowing and burning of debris remaining after detonation of the detonating cord and hence to prevent the ignition of combustible materials in the vicinity of the detonation.
For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how the same can be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawing, which is a transverse cross-section through a detonation cord embodying this invention.
Referring to the drawing, a flexible tube 1 is surrounded by an explosive core 2 formed of nitropenta which in turn is surrounded by a polypropylene film 3 and covered by synthetic and/or natural filaments 4. The core formed by these components (1, 2, 3, 4) is surrounded by a first extruded polyvinyl chloride jacket 5 and then by a second extruded polyvinyl chloride jacket 7. Air gaps 8 forming a star-shaped ring are included between the jackets. The outside of the first jacket is given a coating 6 of inert flame-cooling and flame-checking material.
The following examples illustrate this invention.
EXAMPLE 1.
A detonating cord of the type shown in the accompanying drawing was produced with an explosive core which consisted of 20 g/m of pentaerythritol tetranitrate surrounded by a 22 mm wide polypropylene tape. This core was covered with a layer of rayon filaments and another two layers of synthetic filaments.
A first polyvinyl chloride jacket with a star profile was applied by extrusion around this core in a thickness providing a weight of 18 to 20 g/m. After this first jacket had been powdered with talc, a second polyvinyl chloride jacket of cylindrical form was extruded around it. This second jacket had a thickness providing a weight of from 30 to 32 g/m.
This detonating cord was laid out in dry grass and electrically detonated. In none of the test detonations carried out did the grass bum or glow.
Further detonations were then carried out under more stringent conditions using a test arrangement specially developed for this purpose in which a fine wood wool, which had been dried for 6 days at a constant temperature of 38"C was used. In order further to intensify the test conditions, the wood wool was dusted with a highly inflammable explosive composition. The detonating cord to be tested was laid in the wood wool thus prepared. After it had been electrically detonated, it was found that none of the test detonations carried out led to ignition of the wood wool or even caused it to glow.
EXAMPLE 2.
A detonating cord was produced in the same way as described in Example 1, except that the explosive core consisted of a mixture of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and cryolite in a weight ratio of 92:8, the weight of the filling amounting to 4 g/m. The explosive was introduced into a tape of plastics film in the usual way using transport filaments to assist the entry of the explosive from a hopper into the tape which was constantly wound around the explosive descending from the hopper. A flexible tube 2.5 mm in diameter was incorporated in the middle of the explosive core as the latter was being formed.
Three covering layers were then spun around the core endlessly formed by the tape. After this, a first jacket which had a star profile and which was subsequently powdered with talc was formed around this "crude detonating cord" by extrusion of flexible polyvinyl chloride. The weight of this jacket amounted to between 10 and 11 g/m. A second polyvinyl chloride jacket was then applied, again by extrusion. The weight of this jacket amounted to between 17 and 18.5 g/m.
This special detonating cord was detonated in a test chamber filled with a fire damp atmosphere (air + 8.5% by volume methane).
Even under the intensified test conditions, the fire damp could not be ignited.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A detonating cord for use in seismic exploration, the detonation cord comprising a core of explosive material and a fibre-formed covering layer and a plurality of covering jackets formed by extrusion of synthetic plastics material around the core radially outwardly of the fibre-formed covering layer, with air gaps being provided between a sequential pair of said covering jackets.
2. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first said jacket and/or the or each following jacket therearound have a shape, which in transverse cross-section, deviates from the externaL shape of the said core.
3. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which provides, in transverse crosssection, a star-shaped ring of air gaps spaced apart from the said core.
4. A detonating cord as claimed in any one.
of the preceding claims, wherein said extruded plastics jackets are formed of polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin.
5. A detonating cord as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more said extruded plastics jackets is given a powder coating of an inert, flame-cooling and flame-checking substance.
6. A detonating cord as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more said extruded plastics jackets has incorporated therein an inert, flame-cooling and flamechecking substance.
7. A detonating cord as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said core comprises an inert, flame-cooling and flamechecking substance.
8. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the inert, flame-cooling and flame-checking substance is selected from halides, sulphates, bicarbonates and carbonates of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and corresponding ammonium salts, alkaline earth metal oxides, oxides of metals of Groups IV to VI of the Periodic Systems of the Elements and perhalogenated hydrocarbons.
9. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 8, wherein said substance is cryolite.
10. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 5,
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (14)
1. A detonating cord for use in seismic exploration, the detonation cord comprising a core of explosive material and a fibre-formed covering layer and a plurality of covering jackets formed by extrusion of synthetic plastics material around the core radially outwardly of the fibre-formed covering layer, with air gaps being provided between a sequential pair of said covering jackets.
2. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first said jacket and/or the or each following jacket therearound have a shape, which in transverse cross-section, deviates from the externaL shape of the said core.
3. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which provides, in transverse crosssection, a star-shaped ring of air gaps spaced apart from the said core.
4. A detonating cord as claimed in any one.
of the preceding claims, wherein said extruded plastics jackets are formed of polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin.
5. A detonating cord as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more said extruded plastics jackets is given a powder coating of an inert, flame-cooling and flame-checking substance.
6. A detonating cord as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more said extruded plastics jackets has incorporated therein an inert, flame-cooling and flamechecking substance.
7. A detonating cord as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said core comprises an inert, flame-cooling and flamechecking substance.
8. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the inert, flame-cooling and flame-checking substance is selected from halides, sulphates, bicarbonates and carbonates of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and corresponding ammonium salts, alkaline earth metal oxides, oxides of metals of Groups IV to VI of the Periodic Systems of the Elements and perhalogenated hydrocarbons.
9. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 8, wherein said substance is cryolite.
10. A detonating cord as claimed in claim 5,
6 or 7, wherein the inert, flame-cooling and flame-checking substance is talc.
11. A detonating cord as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a flexible hollow tube extends through the said core.
12. A detonating cord as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said fibreformed covering is impregnated with a flameretardent liquid.
13. A detonating cord for use in seismic exploration, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
14. A detonating cord for use in seismic exploration, substantially as described in either of the foregoing Examples.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772731766 DE2731766A1 (en) | 1977-07-14 | 1977-07-14 | FLAME PROOF BONUS CORD |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1599370A true GB1599370A (en) | 1981-09-30 |
Family
ID=6013881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB25014/78A Expired GB1599370A (en) | 1977-07-14 | 1978-05-31 | Detonating cord |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE868996A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1103091A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2731766A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2397380A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1599370A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1156859B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106640176A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-10 | 太原理工大学 | Method for preventing and treating spontaneous combustion disaster in coal mine goaf utilizing high thermal conductive fiber |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4924774A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-05-15 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Apparatus for igniting a pyrotechnic transmission line |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US548022A (en) * | 1895-10-15 | Andsew b | ||
| FR880487A (en) * | 1939-06-03 | 1943-03-26 | Fritzsche Dipl Ing | Fire cord and its manufacturing process |
-
1977
- 1977-07-14 DE DE19772731766 patent/DE2731766A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1978
- 1978-05-31 GB GB25014/78A patent/GB1599370A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-07 FR FR7820367A patent/FR2397380A1/en active Granted
- 1978-07-12 IT IT50264/78A patent/IT1156859B/en active
- 1978-07-14 CA CA307,417A patent/CA1103091A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-14 BE BE189282A patent/BE868996A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106640176A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-10 | 太原理工大学 | Method for preventing and treating spontaneous combustion disaster in coal mine goaf utilizing high thermal conductive fiber |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1156859B (en) | 1987-02-04 |
| CA1103091A (en) | 1981-06-16 |
| FR2397380A1 (en) | 1979-02-09 |
| IT7850264A0 (en) | 1978-07-12 |
| FR2397380B1 (en) | 1983-11-18 |
| DE2731766A1 (en) | 1979-02-22 |
| BE868996A (en) | 1978-11-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |