GB1594880A

GB1594880A - Joint with interfitting parts

Info

Publication number: GB1594880A
Application number: GB2399178A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1970-04-03
Filing date: 1978-05-30
Publication date: 1981-08-05

Description

(54) JOINT WITH INTERFITTING PARTS (71) I, WILLIAM HENRY JONES, a British subject, of Heather Cottage, Bixley Lane, Beckley, Rye, Sussex, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:: In my previous Patent No. 1240980, there was disclosed a means of jointing with interfitting parts which is an improved form of mortise and tenon joint more particularly, but not exclusively, for use in connecting round, rough, split, irregular and converted sections of timber, or any combination of such sections, where a joint with interfitting parts is required such as in the manufacture, assembly and/or construction of roundwood furniture, rustic garden furniture, garden screens, arches and pergolas, hurdles, fencing, frames and structures.

The essential features of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 1240980 are a round edged mortise and tenon joint which comprises a mortise slot in one member with a countersunk angled shoulder housing and a pairing tenon on another member with angled shoulders of size and shape to match the mortise housing, the combination of which is of such design as to ensure that all parts or faces of a mortise shoulder housing or tenon shoulders which have no pairing surface, due to irregularities in shape and/or size of members being joined, continue from a paired surface to the outer edge of a member in an aesthetically pleasing manner.

In this additional embodiment there is disclosed a joint with interfitting parts, substantially as disclosed in Patent No. 1240980, in which all parts or faces of a mortise shoulder housing and tenon shoulders have pairing surfaces, more particularly, but not exclusively, for use in connecting converted sections of timber including square, round, oval, multi-sided and shaped sections with flat and/or curved faces or any combination of such sections shapes or faces where a joint with interfitting parts is required, such as in the manufacture, assembly and/or construction of a frame, structure, building, carpentry, joinery, cabinet work or like structures or assemblages, which is of such design as to ensure that all parts or faces of a mortise shoulder housing or tenon shoulders have pairing surfaces.

Normally, where such ajoint is applicable, the converted section timber members of such assemblies and structures are joined together by the traditional square shouldered mortise and tenon joint in which the tenon shoulders abut the face of the mortise member or are partly or fully housed in the mortise member, and the joint secured by traditional means. The traditional square shouldered mortise and tenon joint has an inherent weakness at the shoulder line from which the tenon protrudes due to the abrupt change in the dimension of the tenon member at this particular point. When a force or stress acts upon an assemblage or structure it is subjected to strain which is transmitted to the joints which are usually the weakest parts of an assemblage or structure.

The object of this additional embodiment is to provide a joint which obviates or mitigates the aforesaid disadvantage.

According to the present improvement and/or modification of the invention a joint with interfitting parts substantially as described in Patent No. 1240980, all parts or faces of a mortise shoulder housing or tenon shoulders have pairing surfaces and this is achieved by designing the tenon member of an assemblage or structure to be of such shape and size as to exactly match the outer edge of the countersunk mortise housing receiving it and/or where the overall shape or size of the tenon member being used exceeds the size of the countersunk mortise shoulder housing the obtuse angled shoulders of the tenon will be terminated at the point where the outwardly flared countersunk mortise housing ceases and any part or parts of the tenon member which have not been received by the mortise or the countersunk housing will be cut to match and abut the face of the mortise member receiving it.

The angled tenon shoulder is a stress-relieving cut compared with the traditional square tenon shoulder and because of this stressrelieving shoulder cut and the matching recessed housing which receives it the joint of the invention is stronger than the traditional square shouldered mortise and tenon joint.

The joint, as described above, will also enable aligned and/or angled members to be connected as is described in Patent No.

1240980.

The mortise and countersunk housing and/or tenon and angled shoulder cut operations on a converted section member will be carried out substantially as described in Patent No 1240980, or as a single operation using standard round edge mortising machines, tooled up to produce the combined mortise and countersunk shoulder housing, and standard round edge tenoning machines tooled up to produce a matching tenon with a matching angled shoulder cut.

The completed joint will be secured substantially as described in Patent No. 1240980.

The improvements and/or modifications of the invention also comprises an article manufactured or constructed particularly, but not exclusively, from converted sections of timber in which members are joined together by the joint of the invention.

It is envisaged that assemblages or structures in which members are joined together by the joint of the additional embodiment of the invention may be marketed in various forms including fully assembled units, also part fabricated "knock down" units or a kit of parts supplied to others who would carry out such work as required to complete the assemblage or structure.

Further instances where this additional embodiment of the joint of the invention may be advantageously employed includes an article, assemblage or structure manufactured and/or constructed from preformed and/or converted sections of plastics, wood fibre compositions or wood chip compositions or a combination of any of the aforesaid materials and/or a combination of any one or more of aforesaid materials and converted sections of timber.

In a modification of the invention the mortise slot is cut or formed with a taper, making the mortise larger at the shoulder end, and matching taper is produced on the tenon to accuratelMlt the tapered mortise.

Embodiments of the improvements or modifications of this addition to Patent No.

1240980 will now be described simply by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figiiie I is an example which shows a tenon-member with a cross section of such shape and size as to match the outer edge of the countersunk shoulder housing formed in the square sidled mortise member, along with a matching round edge stub mortise and tenon. In this example the whole of the cross section of the tenon member is received by the mortise member according to the invention.

Figure 2 is an example which shows a tenon member with a square sided cross section the width and thickness of which exceed the size of the outer edge of the countersunk housing formed in the square sided mortise member. In this example the obtuse angled shoulders of the tenon are terminated at the point where the outwardly flared countersunk shoulder housing ceases and any part or parts of the tenon member which have not been received by the mortise or the countersunk housing are cut to match and abut the face of the mortise member receiving it. This example also shows a matching round edge stub mortise and tenon, and is of such design as to ensure that all parts or faces of the mortise shoulder housing and tenon shoulders have pairing surfaces.In this example of the joint of the invention only the tenon and the angled shoulders of the tenon member are received by the mortise member according to the invention.

Figure 3 is an example which shows a tenon member with a cross section of such shape and size as to match the outer edge of the countersunk shoulder housing formed in the round mortise member. This example also shows a matching round edge stub mortise and tenon. In this example the whole of the cross section of the tenon member is received by the mortise member according to the invention.

Figure 4 is an example similar to that described in Figure 2 but in which the proportion of tenon member not received by the mortise or countersunk housing and cut to match and abut the face of the mortise member is much less and therefore this joint is proportionally stronger than the example shown in Figure 2.

The completed joint will be secured by traditional means such as a suitable adhesive applied to pairing surfaces, end or fox wedging driven into cuts sawn in the end of the tenon, draw wedging driven through a small mortise or hole in a tenon that projects through and beyond the thickness of the section receiving it, transfixing the the mortise and tenon by means of wood or metal pins, nails, screws or bolts or a combination of such fastenings. Draw wedging is a method of fastening that may be used where it is considered desirable or necessary to be able to dismantle an assemblage with ease.

WHAT I CLAIM IS: 1. A joint with interfitting parts which is an improvement or modification of the invention which forms the subject matter of my main Patent . No 1,240,980, in which the angled sections of both the mortise and the tenon (ie the shoulders) are so sized and shaped to form an exact and precise fit one with the other and in which any part of the

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. recessed housing which receives it the joint of the invention is stronger than the traditional square shouldered mortise and tenon joint. The joint, as described above, will also enable aligned and/or angled members to be connected as is described in Patent No. 1240980. The mortise and countersunk housing and/or tenon and angled shoulder cut operations on a converted section member will be carried out substantially as described in Patent No 1240980, or as a single operation using standard round edge mortising machines, tooled up to produce the combined mortise and countersunk shoulder housing, and standard round edge tenoning machines tooled up to produce a matching tenon with a matching angled shoulder cut. The completed joint will be secured substantially as described in Patent No. 1240980. The improvements and/or modifications of the invention also comprises an article manufactured or constructed particularly, but not exclusively, from converted sections of timber in which members are joined together by the joint of the invention. It is envisaged that assemblages or structures in which members are joined together by the joint of the additional embodiment of the invention may be marketed in various forms including fully assembled units, also part fabricated "knock down" units or a kit of parts supplied to others who would carry out such work as required to complete the assemblage or structure. Further instances where this additional embodiment of the joint of the invention may be advantageously employed includes an article, assemblage or structure manufactured and/or constructed from preformed and/or converted sections of plastics, wood fibre compositions or wood chip compositions or a combination of any of the aforesaid materials and/or a combination of any one or more of aforesaid materials and converted sections of timber. In a modification of the invention the mortise slot is cut or formed with a taper, making the mortise larger at the shoulder end, and matching taper is produced on the tenon to accuratelMlt the tapered mortise. Embodiments of the improvements or modifications of this addition to Patent No. 1240980 will now be described simply by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figiiie I is an example which shows a tenon-member with a cross section of such shape and size as to match the outer edge of the countersunk shoulder housing formed in the square sidled mortise member, along with a matching round edge stub mortise and tenon. In this example the whole of the cross section of the tenon member is received by the mortise member according to the invention. Figure 2 is an example which shows a tenon member with a square sided cross section the width and thickness of which exceed the size of the outer edge of the countersunk housing formed in the square sided mortise member. In this example the obtuse angled shoulders of the tenon are terminated at the point where the outwardly flared countersunk shoulder housing ceases and any part or parts of the tenon member which have not been received by the mortise or the countersunk housing are cut to match and abut the face of the mortise member receiving it. This example also shows a matching round edge stub mortise and tenon, and is of such design as to ensure that all parts or faces of the mortise shoulder housing and tenon shoulders have pairing surfaces.In this example of the joint of the invention only the tenon and the angled shoulders of the tenon member are received by the mortise member according to the invention. Figure 3 is an example which shows a tenon member with a cross section of such shape and size as to match the outer edge of the countersunk shoulder housing formed in the round mortise member. This example also shows a matching round edge stub mortise and tenon. In this example the whole of the cross section of the tenon member is received by the mortise member according to the invention. Figure 4 is an example similar to that described in Figure 2 but in which the proportion of tenon member not received by the mortise or countersunk housing and cut to match and abut the face of the mortise member is much less and therefore this joint is proportionally stronger than the example shown in Figure 2. The completed joint will be secured by traditional means such as a suitable adhesive applied to pairing surfaces, end or fox wedging driven into cuts sawn in the end of the tenon, draw wedging driven through a small mortise or hole in a tenon that projects through and beyond the thickness of the section receiving it, transfixing the the mortise and tenon by means of wood or metal pins, nails, screws or bolts or a combination of such fastenings. Draw wedging is a method of fastening that may be used where it is considered desirable or necessary to be able to dismantle an assemblage with ease. WHAT I CLAIM IS:

1. A joint with interfitting parts which is an improvement or modification of the invention which forms the subject matter of my main Patent . No 1,240,980, in which the angled sections of both the mortise and the tenon (ie the shoulders) are so sized and shaped to form an exact and precise fit one with the other and in which any part of the

shoulder of a tenon, not received by a matching angled countersunk mortise shoulder housing, shall be so shaped to form an exact and precise fit to abut and match the face of the mortise member, where they are joined together, to ensure that the whole of the end of the tenon member has pairing surfaces with the mortise member, and in which there is no freedom of mis-match between the tenon and the mortise within the shouldered or angled section of the joint as depicted for example by references 14 and 15 in, respectively, Figs 3 and 5 of my main patent.

2. A joint as claimed in claim 1, in which the mortise slot is cut or formed with a taper, making the mortise larger at the shoulder end, with a matching taper produced on the tenon so as to accurately fit all surfaces of the tapered mortise.

3. A joint as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2 in which a stub mortise and tenon is used.

4. A joint as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2 in which a through mortise and tenon is used.

5. A joint as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2 in which a through mortise and a tenon which projects through and beyond the thickness of the member receiving it is secured with a wedge driven through a mortise or hole made in the tenon is used.

6. A joint as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2 in which a through mortise has a countersunk shoulder at both ends in order to receive aligned tenons of connecting members at respective ends.

7. A joint as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2 in which in which two mortise slots meet to receive tenons of connecting members at an angle to each other.

8. A joint as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 in which the mortise and tenon are secured or fastened by adhesive applied to paired surfaces prior to inserting the tenon into the mortise.

9. Ajoint as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in which end wedges are driven into sawn cuts in the free end of the tenon.

10. A joint as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in which the mortise and tenon are transfixed by means of wood or metal pins, nails, screws or bolts or a combination of any of the aforesaid fastenings.

I I. A method of joining two structural members of a frame, structure, building, carpentry, joinery, cabinet work or like structures or assemblages using a joint according to any one of the previous claims.

12. A frame, structure, building or the like constructed or manufactured from converted sections of timber in which members are joined according to claim 11.

13. Carpentry work constructed or manufactured from converted sections of timber in which members are joined according to claim 11.

14. An article of joinery, cabinet work, furniture or like assemblage constructed or manufactured from converted sections of timber in which members are joined according to claim 11.

15. A kit of parts and/or part fabricated or "knock down" units supplied to others who would carry out such work as required to complete the assemblage or structure in which members are joined according to claim 11.

16. An article, assemblage or structure manufactured and/or constructed from preformed and/or converted section of plastics, wood fibre compositions or wood chip compositions or a combination of any of the aforesaid materials and/or a combination of any one or more of the aforesaid materials and converted sections of timber in which members are joined according to claim 11.

17. A joint with interfitting parts substantially as described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.