GB1579051A - Dry construction fireresistant roof and roof and ceiling assembly combination - Google Patents
Dry construction fireresistant roof and roof and ceiling assembly combination Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1579051A GB1579051A GB862277A GB862277A GB1579051A GB 1579051 A GB1579051 A GB 1579051A GB 862277 A GB862277 A GB 862277A GB 862277 A GB862277 A GB 862277A GB 1579051 A GB1579051 A GB 1579051A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- roof
- ceiling
- fire
- insulation
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1643—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure being formed by load bearing corrugated sheets, e.g. profiled sheet metal roofs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Description
(54) DRY CONSTRUCTION, FIRE-RESISTANT ROOF, AND ROOF AND
CEILING ASSEMBLY COMBINATION
(71) We, ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUS
TRIES INC. formerly Armstrong Cork Company, a Corporation organized according to the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States of America, of
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention is directed to a combination roof and ceiling construction and to a roof construction and, more especially, to a fire rated ceiling assembly used in conjunction with a heavily insulated roof construction.
The invention provides a roof construction and ceiling assembly combination, the roof construction comprising: a roof support means, a metal roof deck having an upper surface and a lower surface resting on said roof support means, a layer of thermal insulation positioned above the upper surface of the roof deck, and a water barrier above the layer of thermal insulation forming the exterior of the roof construction, and the ceiling assembly comprising: a horizontal grid of support members suspended from the roof support means, and fire resistant ceiling boards positioned within the grid to form a fire resistant barrier with a plenum area formed between the ceiling assembly and roof construction, wherein gypsum is positioned between the roof deck and layer of thermal insulation to absorb excess heat in the plenum area by releasing water of hydration.
The invention also provides a roof construction comprising roof support means, a metal roof deck having an upper surface and a lower surface resting on said roof support means, a layer of thermal insulation above the upper surface of the roof deck and a water barrier layer above the layer of thermal insulation, there being provided gypsum as a heat sink between the upper surface of the roof deck and the layer of thermal insulation.
A problem associated with the designing of fire-resistant, dry construction roof constructions and ceiling assemblies employing fire-resistant suspended membrane ceilings as a fire protection membrane is that the roof insulation of the roof construction placed over the steel deck of the roof construction confines heat within the plenum area between the roof construction and the ceiling assembly so that with a fire in the room below the ceiling assembly, there is a rapid heat build-up in the plenum area with the generation of excessive temperatures in the plenum area early in a conventional ASTM
E-119 fire-resistant test for the ceiling assembly. Typically, only 1 to 1-1/2 inches of roof insulation would normally be employed along with a conventional fire-resistant suspended ceiling assembly if the usual onehour fire-resistant test rating were desired.
However, due to the current energy crisis, an efficient energy conserving roof structure requires considerably more insulation; usually between 2 inches and 6 inches, depending upon the geographic location of the building and the type of insulation used.
The invention herein consists in the providing of a material sandwiched between the -roof insulation and the steel roof deck of the ceiling construction so that the material provided will act as a heat sink, absorbing heat from the plenum space in a manner similar to the way in which concrete acts as a heat sink in a typical floor and ceiling fire-resistant assembly. Gypsum board, which contains water of hydration, makes a good heat sink.Indications are that a typical gypsum board will extend the fire-resistant rating times for as much as 45 minutes The gypsum board is a good material to use because of its stability and other desirable properties at room temperature, as well as its relatively low temperature of dehydration (250"F--1000"F). The gypsum board further provides an advantage in that it provides a levelling and travelling surface on which to mount the insulation for the roof, and further, the gypsum board improves the membrane strength in the roof deck.
One form of roof construction and ceiling assembly combination constructed in accordance with the invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a cross-sectional view of the combination.
Referring to the drawing, a roof construction and ceiling assembly is shown. A conventional roof construction would normally be provided with elements 1, 2, 4, and 5.
Element 1 is a conventional water barrier for the exterior of the roof. It would normally be composed of a number of layers of bituminous roofing felt material adhered in position through the use of tar or a like material. Such a structure is typical in the art, as shown in U.S. Patents No. 3,068,535 and 3,483,664.
Below the water barrier 1 there are insulating boards 2. These boards normally comprise one or more layers of insulating material such as inorganic mineral fibres, glass fibres, or similar type inorganic fibre structures. The structures are rigid, are fire resistant, and provide a desirable insulation rating to the roof structure.
Normally, the insulation is supported on a conventional metal corrugated or fluted roof deck 4, such as the commercially available
Robertson (Registered Trade Mark) roof deck. All this in turn supported on a roof support means, which would be typically a metal bar joist, truss or beam structural element.
Below the roof construction, a conventional suspended ceiling 6 is positioned. The ceiling is hung from the roof support means 5 through suspension wires 7 and a conventional metal ceiling suspension system. The ceiling suspension system in turn holds fireresistant mineral fibre ceiling boards in position. U.S. Patent No. 3,889,435 is typical of a conventional fire-resistant suspended ceiling system. In the area between the roof deck 4 and the top of the suspended ceiling system 6, there is a defined an open area which is called a "plenum". During a typical fire test to secure a desired rating for the suspended ceiling system 6, the temperature within the plenum area must be held to certain acceptable levels. With a typical roof structure, which only employs 1 to 1-1/2 inches of roof insulation, the plenum temperature during a fire test would be kept at an acceptable level.However, with the use of two or more inches of insulation in the roof structure, the heat loss in the roof may be cut down to the point that excessive heat builds up within the plenum area. The construction of the invention avoids such heat build-up by the provision of a heat sink as a means to absorb this excess heat in order to secure the desired fire rating for the suspended ceiling system. In the de
scribed embodiment the heat sink is gypsum board 3 which contains water of hydration between the insulation 2 and the roof deck 4. Through the use of W inch, W inch and X inch gypsum board, it was possible to improve the plenum temperature conditions to hold them to an acceptable temperature for a one-hour fire test.The gypsum board utilized need not be the special fire-resistant, fibre-containing gypsum board, but may simply be the conventional gypsum board utilized for drywall constructions.
The gypsum board has a further advantage in that it provides strength to the rigid fibre insulation. while the fibre insulation is rigid, it will not always support the weight of a workman, particularly in those areas where the fibre bridges the gaps of a corrugated roof structure. The gypsum board provides a bridge over the gaps of the corrugated roof deck so that workmen can work on the rigid fibre insulation without having their feet pass therethrough into the corrugations of the roof deck.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. A roof construction and ceiling assembly combination,
(a) the roof construction comprising:
(1) a roof support means,
(2) a metal roof deck having an upper surface and a lower surface resting on said roof support means,
(3) a layer of thermal insulation positioned above the upper surface of the roof deck, and
(4) a water barrier above the layer of thermal insulation forming the exterior of the roof construction, and
(b) the ceiling assembly comprising::
(1) a horizontal grid of support members suspended from the roof support means,
(2) fire resistant ceiling boards positioned within the grid to form a fire resistant barrier with a plenum area formed between the ceiling assembly and roof construction, wherein gypsum is positioned between the roof deck and the layer of thermal insulation to absorb excess heat in the plenum area by releasing water of hydration.
2. A combination as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the thermal insulation layer is over 2 inches thick
3. A combination as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the gypsum is in the form of gypsum board.
4. A method of securing an improved fire rating for a combination roof constrction and ceiling assembly wherein:
(a) the roof construction comprises a roof support means, a metal roof deck over the roof support means, a layer of thermal insulation over the roof deck and a water barrier over the layer of thermal insulation.
(b) the ceiling assembly comprises a horizontal grid of support members suspended from the roof support means and fire resis
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (6)
1. A roof construction and ceiling assembly combination,
(a) the roof construction comprising:
(1) a roof support means,
(2) a metal roof deck having an upper surface and a lower surface resting on said roof support means,
(3) a layer of thermal insulation positioned above the upper surface of the roof deck, and
(4) a water barrier above the layer of thermal insulation forming the exterior of the roof construction, and
(b) the ceiling assembly comprising::
(1) a horizontal grid of support members suspended from the roof support means,
(2) fire resistant ceiling boards positioned within the grid to form a fire resistant barrier with a plenum area formed between the ceiling assembly and roof construction, wherein gypsum is positioned between the roof deck and the layer of thermal insulation to absorb excess heat in the plenum area by releasing water of hydration.
2. A combination as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the thermal insulation layer is over 2 inches thick
3. A combination as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the gypsum is in the form of gypsum board.
4. A method of securing an improved fire rating for a combination roof constrction and ceiling assembly wherein:
(a) the roof construction comprises a roof support means, a metal roof deck over the roof support means, a layer of thermal insulation over the roof deck and a water barrier over the layer of thermal insulation.
(b) the ceiling assembly comprises a horizontal grid of support members suspended from the roof support means and fire resis
tant ceiling boards mounted within the grid, and
(c) there is a plenum area between the roof construction and the ceiling assembly, which comprises positioning gypsum as a heat sink in the roof construction between the roof deck and the layer of thermal insulation, and utilizing the gypsum as a means for absorbing heat in the plenum area to improve fire rating characteristics of the suspended ceiling assembly-roof construc tion combination.
5. A method of constructing a combination as claimed in claim 1 substantially as described herein with reference to and as shown in the drawing.
6. A roof construction comprising roof support means, a metal roof deck having an upper surface and a lower surface resting on said roof support means, a layer of thermal insulation above the upper surface of the roof deck and a water barrier layer above the layer of thermal insulation, there being provided gypsum as a heat sink between the upper surface of the roof deck and the layer of thermal insulation.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66236176A | 1976-03-01 | 1976-03-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1579051A true GB1579051A (en) | 1980-11-12 |
Family
ID=24657392
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB862277A Expired GB1579051A (en) | 1976-03-01 | 1977-03-01 | Dry construction fireresistant roof and roof and ceiling assembly combination |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE851496A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1062431A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2705032C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2343096A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1579051A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL172354C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2906476C3 (en) * | 1978-05-02 | 1981-06-19 | Armstrong Cork Co., 17604 Lancaster, Pa. | Ceiling panel made of a fiber material for a suspended ceiling |
| EP0688852B1 (en) | 1994-06-24 | 1997-09-17 | Dr. Wolman GmbH | Intumescent impregnation agent |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3466222A (en) * | 1967-07-26 | 1969-09-09 | Lexsuco Inc | Fire retardant insulative structure and roof deck construction comprising the same |
| DE1928698A1 (en) * | 1969-06-06 | 1970-12-10 | Ruhrmann Fa Dr Ing Josef | Apparatus for removing elements from a continuous row of elements attached to a fastener tape |
| BE786217A (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1973-01-15 | Dow Chemical Co | ROOF ELEMENT AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| DD116878A1 (en) * | 1974-11-27 | 1975-12-12 |
-
1977
- 1977-02-07 DE DE19772705032 patent/DE2705032C3/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-16 BE BE174988A patent/BE851496A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-18 CA CA272,079A patent/CA1062431A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-24 NL NL7701968A patent/NL172354C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-28 FR FR7705837A patent/FR2343096A1/en active Granted
- 1977-03-01 GB GB862277A patent/GB1579051A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7701968A (en) | 1977-09-05 |
| BE851496A (en) | 1977-06-16 |
| AU2210277A (en) | 1978-02-16 |
| DE2705032C3 (en) | 1983-11-17 |
| FR2343096B1 (en) | 1982-12-03 |
| NL172354C (en) | 1983-08-16 |
| FR2343096A1 (en) | 1977-09-30 |
| NL172354B (en) | 1983-03-16 |
| DE2705032B2 (en) | 1980-02-21 |
| DE2705032A1 (en) | 1977-09-08 |
| CA1062431A (en) | 1979-09-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |